Murraya ndiwotchi yachilendo, wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu, yomwe imamera bwino m'chipindacho. Chomera sichimangokonda ndi korona wokongola ndi maluwa, chimapatsa zipatso. Magawo osiyanasiyana a murraya amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonzekera machiritso a matenda ambiri, chomwe ndi chifukwa china chopezera kukongola kobiriwira uku. Malo omwe mbewuyo idabadwira ndi Japan, komwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mokongoletsa bwino minda kwazaka zambiri. Mutha kupanga dimba lojambulidwa ku Japan kunyumba kapena ku greenhouse. Ndikokwanira kudziwa zinsinsi zochepa zosavuta, ndiye kuti kusamalira Murray sikudzakhala kovuta.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Murraya ndi chitsamba chosatha cha banja la a Rutov. Mitundu ili ponseponse ku Japan, India ndi zilumba zaku Malaysia. Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, chomera chimakonda kukwera pamwamba pamiyala.
Indoor murrayas imakhala ngati chitsamba kapena kutalika kwa mitengo kuchokera 30 cm mpaka 1.5. Mphukirayo imakutidwa ndi khungwa losalala la imvi. Nthambi zokhala ndi nthawi yayitali ndipo zimawerama mosavuta. Masamba a Petiole ndiwowoneka bwino. Masamba a pinnate amakhala magawo 5-11. Kutalika konse kwa masamba kumafikira masentimita 12. Mbale yamtundu wamtundu wa obovate imakhala ndi mmbali yosalala ndipo imapinda pang'ono m'mphepete mwamkati. Kukula kwa lobe limodzi ndi kutalika kwa 1-5cm ndi 0.5-6 masentimita mulifupi.
M'mikhalidwe yabwino, Murraya amatulutsa kawiri pachaka. Mantha inflorescence pachimake pa nsonga za achinyamata mphukira. Mitundu ina imakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ndi zipatso chaka chonse. Mtengowo udalandira dzina lachiwiri "lalanje jasmine" chifukwa cha maluwa ake ndi fungo labwino. Corolla imakhala ndi miyala yoyera 5, mainchesi ake ndi masentimita 1-1.5. Mitambo yayitali yotsegulidwa, ndi filatamu stamens imatuluka mkati.
Pambuyo pakuvunda, zipatso zimapangidwa - zipatso zofiira kapena zakuda. Zimacha mkati mwa miyezi 4 mutayamba maluwa. Bulosi lililonse limakhala ndi mbewu ziwiri. Kutalika kwa zipatso, zokutidwa ndi khungu losalala, lonyezimira, ndi 8-20 mm. Zipatso za mitundu yambiri ya Murraya zimatha kudya.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mtundu wa Murraya uli ndi mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri, koma m'dziko lathu ndi ochepa okha omwe amapezeka.
Murraya paniculata (zosowa, nkhawa). Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi alimi a maluwa kukhala okongola kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Mtengowo ndi tchire lomwe limamera mwachangu. M'malo achilengedwe, kutalika kwake kungafikire mamita 3. Malowerere obiriwira obiriwira otalika mpaka 15 cm amapezeka kutalika konse kwa mphukira. Maluwa ake ndi ambiri, ndipo mitengo yayikulu ya corymbose imamera maluwa pamwamba pake. Pambuyo povota, zipatso zofiirira zofiira zimawonekera. Thupi lawo limakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Minima - mtengo wochepa maluwa wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 40-60 cm umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga bonsai;
- Min-a-min - zitsamba zokhala ndi korona wandiweyani mpaka 1 m;
- Dwarf Compact - mitengo yaying'ono yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita ndi masamba mpaka mainchesi 5 mm.
Murraya Koenig (Aronia). Chitsamba kapena mtengo waufupi wamtunduwu mwachilengedwe umakhala kutalika kwa mamita 3. Zomera ndi mphukira zimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimabwezeretsa zipatso zake. Mtengowo umadziwikanso kuti "curry mtengo." Mitengo yayikulu ya corymbose inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa oyera onunkhira. Pambuyo pa pollination, zipatso zakuda zimamangidwa. Zipatso za mitundu iyi sizimatha kudya.
Kufalitsa kwa Murray
Murraya amafalitsa mosavuta ndipo sizitengera kuchita zambiri. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu izi: mbewu ndi masamba.
Kufesa mbewu. Mbewu zimataya kumera, ndiye muyenera kuzifesa mukakolola. Ngati mukufuna kutumiza njere kapena kuzisungitsa kwakanthawi, izi zimachitika mu zipatsozo. Zipatsozi ndizouma pang'ono ndikusungidwa m'matumba. Pambuyo poyeretsa zamkati, ndikofunikira kupanga zipatso nthawi yomweyo. Kubzala, miphika ya mchenga ndi malo ochepa m'munda amakonzedwa. Mbewu imakulitsidwa ndi 5-10 mm ndikusiyidwa m'malo owala pamtunda wa + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Pakatha milungu iwiri, pafupifupi mbewu zonse zamera. Zomera zimakula bwino. Ndikubwera kwa masamba enieni enieni, amasinthidwa m'miphika yopanda chopopera. Mitundu yazovunda imabala masamba m'miyezi 6 yoyambirira, koma masamba wamba kapena achi Dutch a murraya mu zaka 7-10.
Mizu yodula. Kudula kumakhala kovutirapo osati kothandiza. Muyenera kudikirira mpaka maluwa atha kapena musankhe nthambi zopanda masamba. Kuti uberekane, mphukira wazaka chimodzi zokhala ndi masamba angapo ndi masamba 2-3 ziyenera kudulidwa. Pansi pamadula odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi muzu ndipo ozika mizu mumchenga wonyowa peat kapena madzi. Popewa mbewu kuti isamatulutsire chinyezi chambiri, imakutidwa ndi chipewa chowonekera. Mizu imachitika m'chipinda chowala bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 26 ... + 30 ° C. Ndondomeko imatenga miyezi 1-2. Zomera zikakhala ndi mizu ndi mphukira zazing'ono, pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono zimachotsedwa. Muyenera kuzolowera mbande kuti mutsegule mpweya mkati mwa masiku 1-2.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Kusamalira Murraya kumafuna kulimbikira, kumawongolera wamaluwa ngakhale alibe chidziwitso pang'ono.
Kuwala Zomera zimakonda dzuwa, zimamera bwino ndipo zimamasula kokha muzipinda zomwe zimayatsidwa bwino. Mfuti zimakonda kuyang'ana dzuwa. Komabe, nyengo yotentha kwambiri, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulowetse chipindacho pafupipafupi kapena kuyika mphika wam'mbuyo kumbuyo kwa chipindacho. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kowonjezereka okhala ndi phytolamp angafunike kuti apereke maola 12-14 a maola masana.
Kutentha Murraya safunikira kuti achepetse kutentha pang'ono nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yopumira. Chizindikiro choyenera chomera wachikulire ndi + 18 ... + 25 ° C pachaka chonse. M'nyengo yotentha, mutha kuyika miphika mu mpweya wabwino, koma musaiwale kuteteza mbewu ku zojambula ndi kuzizira. Murraya amakumana ndi zovuta zilizonse pongokhetsa maluwa ndi masamba.
Chinyezi. Maluwa amasinthana ndi chinyezi cham'kati ndipo amatha kukula ngakhale nthawi yotentha. Amaonanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusamba. Ndikofunika kuti m'malovu osungira maluwa asatole maluwa. Ngati madzi ndi olimba, madontho owuma amatha kupanga masamba.
Kuthirira. Murray amayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri, makamaka munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa. Dziko lapansi liyenera kuti liume pamwamba. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo samayenda pansi. Madziwo amayenera kutsukidwa bwino, kufewetsa komanso kukhala ndi kutentha kwa malo.
Feteleza. Kudyetsa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Zomerazi sizimagwira bwino ntchito. Ma organic ndi mineral complexes amasintha. Feteleza amamuthira nthaka m'nthaka mwezi uliwonse. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zapadera za bonsai. Mwa iwo, ma micro- ndi macroelements amasankhidwa bwino.
Thirani Murray amayenera kuziika pambuyo pa zaka 1-3 zilizonse. Wocheperako mmera, nthawi zambiri mchitidwewo umachitika. Rhizome yopyapyala imayang'ana kuwonongeka kulikonse, imachoka mwakuya mokwanira, kotero kufalikira kumachitika ndi njira yotumizira. Ndikofunika kupewa kupewa kuzama kwa khosi. Mphika umasankhidwa mwakuya kwambiri komanso mulifupi pang'ono kuposa woyamba. Pansi pa thankiyo, miyala, shards kapena tchipisi tamatumba timayikidwapo.
Dothi. Dothi lodzala Murraya liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi komanso losalowerera ndale. Mutha kugula chisakanizo cha dothi la citrus kapena mukaipanga nokha pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- turf nthaka;
- pepala la pepala;
- decusuous humus;
- mchenga.
Gawo la mchenga limachuluka mbewu zobzalidwa zazing'ono.
Kudulira. Kuyambira ali aang'ono, Murray amayenera kumanikizidwa kuti atenge korona wokulirapo. Mitundu yaying'ono siyenera kudulira nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zambiri imalekerera kuumbidwa. Kuchokera kwa iwo mutha kupanga mitengo yokongola ya bonsai. Mitundu yayikulu iyenera kudulidwa nthawi zambiri, apo ayi mbewuyo imatha kupitilira muyeso wa chipindacho. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya nthambi za mafupa, ndi mphukira zazing'ono kuti muchotsedwe nthawi ndi nthawi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Mosasamala, Murraya amadwala chlorosis ndipo amavutika ndi mizu. Madera onse owonongeka ayenera kudulidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi fungosis. Zomera zobzala sizimakonda kuukira. Nthawi zambiri, nthata za akangaude, scute, whiteflies, aphid kapena nematode zimapezeka. Kuthira tizirombo tizirombo timathandiza motsutsana tizirombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito murraya
M'munda komanso kunyumba. Mphika wokhala ndi murraya wokutuluka ungakhale kukongoletsa kodabwitsa kwa chipindacho, ndipo chitsamba chachikulu chidzakwaniritsa kuphatikizidwako. Komabe, a Murrayas sakhala achisanu mumsewu, iwo sangathe kuyima chisanu ngakhale ozizira kwambiri. M'nyumba murraya mudzaza chipindacho ndi fungo labwino. Zomera zimadziwikanso monga oyeretsa bwino mpweya.
Mu wowerengeka mankhwala. Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za Murraya zadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Zipatsozo zili ndi mavitamini komanso ma antioxidants ambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kusunga ubwana ndikusintha kapangidwe ka magazi. Zodzikongoletsera ndi mbale za Murray zipatso zimasintha shuga m'magazi, zimathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda oopsa komanso kulimbitsa minofu yamtima. Koma masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi ma analgesic komanso machiritso. Chidutswa chimodzi cha pepala limodzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muzitsuka ndi stomatitis. Kuchokera ku matenda omwewo kutafuna masamba kumathandiza. Komanso, decoction a iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gastritis, tonsillitis ndi dzino.
Pokaphika. Kuphatikiza pa zipatso zomwezo, zomwe zimatha kudyedwa zosaphika kapena kuwonjezeredwa ndi zotsekemera, masamba a mitengo ya curry amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amaphikidwa mu mafuta, amawonjezeredwa ndi minced nyama, sopo, stews ndi nsomba. Ndi nsomba ndi nsomba zam'nyanja zomwe zokometsera ndizabwino kwambiri. Zakudya zokhala ndi zowonjezera zotere zimapeza fungo labwino komanso kukoma kosangalatsa. Mabuku angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga tiyi.
Mu cosmetology. Mafuta okhala ndi Murray amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amaphatikizidwa ndi kirimu, shampu, mafuta, komanso nyale zonunkhira za mpweya wofowoka. Matanda odzazidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyeretsa komanso kuyeretsa kumaso ndi ziwalo zina za thupi.
