Mullein ndi chomera chochokera ku banja la a Norichen. Dziko lakwawo ndi Mediterranean, USA ndi East Asia. Chomera chimadziwikanso ndi dzina lachi Latin - verbascum, koma m'dziko lathu sichigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chimakopa mullein ndi maluwa ambiri. Nsonga za tsinde lake ndizobisika kwathunthu pansi pamaluwa owala, onunkhira. Palibe wodutsa aliyense amene angadutse popanda kusirira ma inflorescence achikasu, ofiira kapena oyera. Maluwa owala amakopa mbalame ndi tizilombo tosangalatsa, motero mundawo kuyambira m'mawa udzadzaza ndi masamba obiriwira. Mu chisamaliro, mullein samadzimvera kwathunthu, ndipo maluwa ake okongola samangosangalatsa diso, komanso amathandizira kukonza thanzi.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Mullein ndi mbewu yobiriwira kapena yosatha, ngakhale zakale zimapezekanso. Imakhala ndi ndodo yolimba komanso yowongoka, yotalikirana pafupifupi mpaka 0,5 mpaka 31. Pansi pake pali rosette yoyera kwambiri. Masamba apansi ali ndi petioles kutalika kwa tsamba. Pamwamba pa tsinde pali masamba owoneka bwino. Imayikidwa moyang'anizana kapena mowonekera. Masamba okhala ndi tsamba lokwanira kapena chowoneka ngati mtima. Pamaso pawo, komanso mphukira ndi maluwa, adakutidwa ndi mulu. Zowombelera ndi masamba zimapaka utoto wobiriira kapena imvi.
Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, tsinde lalitali limakula pamtunda wa masamba, womwe umakhazikitsidwa korona ndi inflorescence. Duwa loyenda lili ndi masamba angapo a masamba. Pansi pali mitolo ya ma corollas a 4-7, ndipo kumtunda kwake kuli mtolo wazovala zazing'ono za 1-4. Danga la corolla ndi pafupifupi masentimita 2. Lili ndi ma petals achikasu otseguka ndipo lili ndi mawonekedwe a tubular kapena Function. Pansi pa petryy, petals lotseguka, ma stamens asanu ndi obisika, osiyanasiyana kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe. Maluwa amapitilira chilimwe chonse.
Pambuyo popukutira, kabokosi kakang'ono kambewu kamakhazikika. Amadziwikanso pang'ono. Mkati mwake muli njere zazing'ono zazitali. Malo awo oyaka ali ndi utoto wachikasu.
Mitundu ya Mullein
Mitundu ya mullein ndiyosiyana kwambiri, mitundu yopitilira 250 ya zolengedwa zalembedwamo. Ndi ochepa okha omwe amapezeka ku Russia. Amasinthidwa nyengo ndi nyengo, komanso amakhala ndi machitidwe abwino ochiritsa.
Mullein ndi ndodo yokhala ngati (yokhala maluwa ofumbwa). Zomera 20-120 cm lalitali limakhala ndi tsinde lolunjika, lomwe limakutidwa ndi masamba. Masamba ozungulira m'munsi amafika masentimita 10 mpaka 40, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kumtunda kwa masentimita 4 mpaka 10. Inflorescence yayitali imakhala ndi matuwa a maluwa achikasu. Pakufanana kwa inflorescence ndi ndodo yachifumu yachifumu, mitunduyo idatchedwa dzina. Dongosolo lililonse la corolla ndi masentimita 3.5-5. Maluwa atsopano amakhala ndi fungo labwino, ndipo maluwa owuma amakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika la uchi.
Mullein wamba (khutu la chimbalangondo). Zigawo zonse za mmerazo zimakhala ndi milu yayitali kwambiri. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala pafupi kutalika konse kwa mpirawo ndipo pamwamba pake pokhapokha pamakhala korona wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofupikira owoneka ngati nthongo. Masamba apansi a petiole ndi kutalika kwa 15-30 cm. kukula kwawo kumachepera m'mwamba. Chifukwa cha masamba pang'onopang'ono, mbewu yake patali imafanana ndi chulu. Mtundu wa inflorescence umakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ambiri okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 2 cm.
Mullein ndi wakuda. Zomera 50-120 masentimita lalitali. Zachikuni zazikulu zimangokhala gawo lomaliza lachitatu la mphukira. Masamba apansi a petiole ndi ovoid kapena oboola mtima. Kutalika kwake ndi 20 cm. inflorescence yayitali imakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono maluwa achikasu. Malo okhala bulauni ali m'munsi mwa mapalawo, ndipo zokumbikazo zimakongoletsedwa ndi lilac villi.
Mullein officinalis. Zimayambira 0,5-1,5 m wamtali wokutidwa ndi masamba. Pamtunda pamakhala inflorescence yayitali, yomwe nthawi zina imaboweka nthambi zingapo. Ziwalo zonse za mbewu zimakutidwa ndi mulu wonenepa. Masamba ozungulira omwe ali ndi m'mphepete mwa kutalika kwake ndi 15-25 cm. Maluwa okhala ndi zofewa zazitali, ophatikizidwa mumtundu wonse wa kutalika kwa inflorescence. Dawo lawo ndi masentimita 3.5-5,5. Ma ma Anther adazijambulidwa ofiira.
Mullein ndi wosakanizidwa. Mitundu yokongoletsera iyi idapezeka ndi interspecificoloka. Ubwino wake ndi maluwa akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumatengera zosiyanasiyana ndipo kumatha kukhala kosakwana 50 cm kapena pafupifupi 1.8 Mitundu yotchuka:
- Mont Blanc - chomera chachitali chamaluwa akuluakulu oyera oyera;
- Herry Helen - inflorescence imakhala ndi zazikulu (mpaka 10 cm mulifupi) maluwa okongola a pinki;
- Jackie - mtundu wocheperako mpaka 45cm utali wokutidwa ndi maluwa ofunira a pinki;
- Pink Domino - Madontho a lalanje amawoneka pamaluwa akuluakulu rasipiberi.
Njira zolerera
Kubalana kwa mullein kutha kuchitika ndi kufesa mbewu kapena kudula mizu. Mbewu zimasilira kumera kwanthawi yayitali ndipo sizigwirizana ndi chisanu, mutha kuzifesa nthawi yomweyo. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimadzipatsa zokha. Chifukwa muzu wa ndodo, womwe umalowera munthaka, sikuyenera kubwezeretsanso mullein. Chifukwa chake, mbewu za mbande ndizosatheka. Potseguka, mbewu zimafesedwa m'malo okhazikika. Chitani izi mkatikati mwa Meyi kapena mtsogolo, kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kudzakhazikitsidwa pa + 13 ... + 18 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-2. M'mwezi woyamba, mbande zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo pake amakula msanga ndipo safuna chisamaliro chambiri. Maluwa amayembekezeka mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Tizikumbukira kuti mullein amapukutidwa mosavuta, kotero kuti mbande zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mbewu za amayi.
Kusunga machitidwe osiyanasiyana kumathandizira kudula. Zodulidwa ziyenera kudulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa (Ogasiti-Sepemba), ndiye kuti mwayi wozika mizu zizikhala zochulukirapo. Chomera chachikulu chomwe chiri ndi njira zoyambira chimakumbidwa ndikumasulidwa pansi. Muzuwo umadulidwa m'magawo angapo ndi masamba kapena mphukira zazing'ono. Kutalika kwa nthangala iliyonse kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 5-7 cm. Delenki imayikidwa mozungulira mu zitsime zakonzedwa. Choyamba, adakutidwa ndi mchenga wokhala ndi makulidwe a 5 mm, ndipo pamwamba - ndi nthaka mpaka kutalika kwa 15-20 mm. Mtunda wa masentimita 40 uyenera kuonedwa pakati pa mbande.
Malamulo Osamalira
Mullein ndi wopanda ulemu komanso chomera cholemetsa. Ngakhale novice amatha kuisamalira. Kuti zikule bwino, mbewuyo imafunikira malo otseguka dzuwa. Kuchepetsa pang'ono kumaloledwa, koma chifukwa chopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, mbewuyo imakula.
Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopepuka. Mchenga wokwanira, miyala komanso peat ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa dothi. Ndibwino ngati nthaka ili ndi chonde chokwanira. Kenako mullein amatha kumerako kwa zaka zingapo. Koma pamadothi opangira michere, amakula kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Kuthirira mullein ndikofunikira kokha pakawuma. Madzi ochepa ali okwanira. Pakati pa ulimi wothirira, dothi liyenera kuwuma bwino. Muzu womwe umalowa kwambiri pansi, kudya pansi panthaka sikukhala vuto. Koma kusasunthika pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali m'nthaka kumayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu ndi kufa kwa mbewu.
Feteleza mullein ndikosowa kwambiri. Umuna umodzi womwe umakhala ndi mineral complex panthawi ya maluwa ndikokwanira. Ngati dothi ndi lachonde, ndiye kuti samachita feteleza ngakhale pena.
Kuti mullein akhale ndi moyo wopitilira zaka ziwiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula inflorescence mbewu zisanakhwime. Mitundu ya haibridi mutadulira amatha kuphuka mobwerezabwereza m'chaka chomwecho.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Zomera zazitali zokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu komanso okongola oterewa sizidzadziwika m'mundamo. Makamaka pankhani zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsedwa ndi mitundu ya petals. M'nyengo yotentha yonse, mullein amakopa tizilombo ndi mbalame. Umayamba kutulutsa maluwa pomwe zipatsozo zimafota kale, ndipo pambuyo pake zipatso sizinapange masamba. Chifukwa chake, mullein amadzaza duwa mu maluwa. Ndikofunikira kusankha oyandikana nawo oyenera kuti dimba la maluwa lizioneka bwino. Amatha kukhala orchis, catnip, salvia, anaphalis, sage.
Nthochi za mullein zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati maziko kumbuyo kwa mabedi amaluwa. Itha kubzalidwe m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pakatikati pa udzu, m'miyala kapena m'mphepete mwa njira.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za mbewu
Mitundu yambiri ya mullein imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka. Maluwa ake, mizu ndi mphukira zake zili ndi ma tannins, mavitamini, ntchofu, mafuta ofunikira, ma flavonoids. Mafuta, ma tinctures amowa ndi decoctions ochokera kumagawo osiyanasiyana a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anti-yotupa, expectorant, heestatic komanso antimicrobial agents.
Malingaliro amaluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ateteze sputum mu bronchi ndi mapapu. Mweji kusapilanga jino mumichima ku biji kulumbulula. Ma compress ndi ma masks potengera decoction amathandiza kulimbana ndi ziphuphu. Matumba a mowa ndi madzi amatengedwa chifukwa cha cystitis, mphumu ya bronchial, matenda oopsa, chimfine, rheumatism. Mullein amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matumbo am'mimba, lichen, chifuwa chachikulu, komanso matenda a chiwindi ndi m'mimba. Popewa matenda kuti asalowe mabala, minofu yopsereza kapena ming'alu kumapazi, amawaza ndi ufa wouma wa mullein.
Kupezeka kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti duwa lililonse limangokhala tsiku limodzi lokha ndipo limazirala ndi madzulo. Kusonkha kwa corollas yonse kumachitika m'mawa. Zouma pansi pa denga kapena m'mauvuni owuma mpaka 50 ° C. Zipangizo zouma kwathunthu zimasungidwa mu nsalu kapena mapepala azaka ziwiri.
Mullein alibe contraindication, koma ayenera kumwedwa mosamala kwa anthu omwe amakonda chifuwa. Mankhwala onse ayenera kusefedwa bwino kudzera m'magulu angapo a minofu. Ngakhale villi yochepa imayambitsa kukhumudwa kwambiri pamimba ndi mucous membrane.
