Guzmania ndi udzu wobiriwira wokhala ndi nsapato zokongola, zowala. Duwa ili ndiwofanana kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake, motero ndi abwino kulimidwa mkati. Guzmania ndi wa banja la Bromilia, lomwe limaphatikizapo zomera zambiri zokongola. Amadziwika ku Central ndi South America. Epiphytes ndi mbewu zapadziko lapansi zimapezeka mumtundu, zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi zochitika zapakhomo ndipo sizifunika chisamaliro mosamala. Ndikokwanira kutsatira zingapo zosavuta ndipo chomeracho chitha kukondweretsa ndi mitundu yowala pamasamba oyera.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Guzmania nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mitengo kapena m'miyala yamiyala. Ili ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ndi korona wochepa. Chomera chachikulu chimakula 25-80 cm kutalika. Tsinde ndi masamba oyesedwa ngati masamba ali pamunsi pakezake. Masamba a Sedentary a mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi lamba amatha kutalika masentimita 30-45. Imatha kukhala yokhotakhota kapena kugugika. Masamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda.
Pakati pa kasupe, mtunda wautali, wamtundu wokhala ndi maluwa owala ofiira, ofiira kapena achikasu kuyambira pakati pa tsamba. Mawonekedwe a inflorescence amatchedwa "Sultan" chifukwa chofanana ndi mtsogoleri wa olamulira akum'mawa. Maluwa pawokha samakopa chidwi chochuluka. Ma miniature nimbuses ali mu axils yama bracts owala.
Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, masamba ang'onoting'ono ndi mbewu zambiri zazing'ono amapsa m'malo mwa maluwa. Maluwa akazirala, mbewu yonse imayamba kufa. Amasinthidwa ndi ana kuchokera kuzomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake.
Mitundu ya Guzmania
Mwa mitundu 120 ya guzmania pachikhalidwe, ndi ochepa okha omwe ndiofala. Masiku ano amadziwika ngati mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri mosaic guzmania. Masamba ake obiriwira obiriwira amaphimba mikwingwirima yopepuka. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamapulogalamu kumatha kufika masentimita 80 ndipo m'lifupi mwake masentimita 7. Pazovala zazing'ono, zazitali, mabulangete owongoka amasonkhana, ofanana ndi masamba ofupikitsidwa. Amakhala ndi totuwa kapena mitundu yapinki yowala. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi ndipo amatha pafupifupi miyezi 3.
Liwiro la Guzmania. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupepuka kwamitundu yayitali masamba. Amasiyana kwambiri ndi mabulangeti ofiira owala.
Guzmania kakang'ono rondo. Zomera ndizoyenera kukonda maluwa. Korona wake sapitilira 25 cm kutalika. Pamwamba pa dosette wandiweyani wamasamba obiriwira amadzuka sultan wofiira wowala.
Guzmania Donatella Smith. Masamba ataliatali amatisonkhanitsa m'miyala yopindika yozungulira mpaka masentimita 30. Kukula kwakukulu kwa masamba obiriwira achikasu kapena lalanje kumatuluka pamwamba pa masamba obiriwira.
Guzmania Tsana. Amayesedwa ngati mitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Masamba ake amakula mpaka 70 cm ndipo amapanga mphukira wamtali komanso wozungulira. Sultan wamkulu wokhala ndi ma brigs ofiira kapena a lalanje amatuluka pamwamba pake.
Guzmania ndi gulu limodzi. Masamba amtunduwu amaphimbidwa ndi mikwaso yachikasu. Mtundu wa masamba apamwamba umakhala wakuda kuposa wotsika. Mtundu wocheperako wowoneka ngati maluwa wokhala ndi maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono wokongoletsedwa ndi mabulangeti ofiira ofiira.
Kuswana
Nthawi zambiri, m'nyumba guzmania imafalikira ndi njira zoyambira (ana). Maluwa atafota ndi kufa kwa mayi chomera, amakula bwino. Zamoyo zoterezi ndizodziwika bwino pazomera zonse za banja la Bromilia. Mphukira zamtundu zimatha kupezeka ngakhale mutamasulidwa maluwa, koma sizoyenera kuwasiyanitsa nthawi isanakwane. Pofika zaka 4, kutalika kwa ana nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita 15. Tsopano amatha kuduladula. Ndikwabwino kuzichita mchaka. Mphukira zazing'ono zimayenera kukhala ndi mizu yaying'ono. Pakubzala, gwiritsani ntchito miphika yaying'ono ndi dothi pazomera zazikulu.
Kuti tikule guzmania kuchokera ku mbewu, pamafunika khama lochulukirapo. Zomera zobzala zitha kugulidwa kapena kusungidwa palokha. Asanabzale ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho lochepa la manganese. Mbewu zimagawanidwa moyenera pamwamba pa zosakaniza za mchenga-peat. Mphika wokutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikusiyidwa m'chipindamo ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi 25 25 C. Pakatha milungu itatu, mphukira zazing'ono zobiriwira zimawonekera, ndipo mwezi wina ukatha kuchotsedwa ndikuziika m'miphika yosiyana.
Kupatsira Guzmania
Guzmania sifunikira kuyika pafupipafupi. Mizu yake yofooka ndiyosavuta kuwonongeka, chifukwa chake musasokoneze chomera popanda chifukwa. Pomwe mphika wa chitsamba ndi ana ukakhala wocheperako ndiye pomwe munthu amatenga chidebe chatsopano. Kugula chidebe chakuya kwambiri sikofunikira, chifukwa nthangala yake ili pamwamba. Damu lokwera limayikidwa pansi pa thankiyo. Zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dothi:
- dziko la turf;
- peat;
- sphagnum moss;
- mchenga;
- zidutswa za makungwa a paini.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yofewa komanso yopatsa thanzi. Osasokoneza kwambiri nthawi yobzala. Komanso, musamachulukitse kwambiri chotsitsa.
Kusamalira mbewu
Indoor guzmania imafunikira chisamaliro chochepa cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndikusankha malo oyenera mbewu. Iyenera kuyatsidwa pang'ono popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Koma guzmania sidzawonongeka pang'ono pang'ono.
Kutentha kwa mpweya chaka chonse kumayenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana + 18 ... + 25 ° C. Kuzizira m'munsimu + 17 ° C kumayipa mbewu. M'chilimwe, mutha kupita ndi maluwa kumunda wamaluwa, koma muyenera kutetezedwa odalirika.
Guzmania ndi yodziwika bwino m'nkhalango zotentha, motero imafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti utsiwike korona kuchokera ku botolo lothira tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyamba kusamba nthawi ndi nthawi pansi pa madzi osamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, mphikawo uyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi aquarium, kasupe kapena kasupe wina wamadzi.
Guzmania iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono. Ndikwabwino kupukuta pang'ono nthaka kuposa kuthilira. Mizu yofooka yovunda mosavuta. Pothirira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa, osakhazikika bwino kutentha kwa chipinda kapena kutentha pang'ono. Madziwo samatsanuliridwa m'nthaka, koma mkati mwa tsamba.
Panthawi yogwira komanso maluwa, masiku 15-20 aliwonse, guzmania iyenera kukumana ndi umuna. Njira yabwino yothanirana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera za Bromilievs. Zochulukitsa zachilendo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu theka. Mankhwalawa amadzipaka m'madzi ndipo masamba a chomera amafufira limodzi nawo. Gawo la yankho litha kuthiridwa munthaka.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Guzmania yothirira kwambiri kapena chinyezi imakumana mosavuta ndi matenda a fungus. Ndikosavuta kupulumutsa mbewu yodwala, chifukwa chake muyenera kutsatira malamulo osamalira.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, nkhanambo, nthata za akangaude kapena mealybugs zimawoneka pamtengowo. Mu mpweya wouma, mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa ukuwonjezeka. Njira yothetsera "Actellica" kapena mankhwala ofanana ndi 2 mg ya mankhwala pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi amathandizira kuchotsa tizilombo. Popewa, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 5-7.
