Campsis ndi mpesa wokongola wokula mwachangu wa banja la a Bignonius. Zomera zakunyumba ndi North America ndi China. Ku Europe, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mokongoletsa bwino minda kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 17. Pamakoma kapena mipanda, malo omwe amapangidwako amakhala ndimipanda yayitali ndi mphukira zotumphuka, yokutidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso yowala. Liana amapulumuka mwadongosolo lotseguka lakum'mwera ndi pakati Russia. Kwambiri, imadziwikanso kuti tekoma. Mukazindikira malamulo osavuta osamalira, wokonza dimba aliyense amatha kukwaniritsa maluwa mosavuta ndikuwongoletsa kukongola kopepuka.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Campsis ndi wokula msanga, wopatsa chidwi wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Mizu yake sinafalikira pamtunda wokha, komanso dera lalikulu. Kukula kwachinyamata kumatha kuwonekera patali mamita angapo kuchokera m'nkhokwe zazikulu.
Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi makungwa osalala obiriwira. Akamakula, amakhala opunduka ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. M'matimu mumakhala mizu ya mlengalenga ndi masamba awiri osiyana pa petioles. Petiole iliyonse imanyamula mbale zokhala ndi ovunda 7-11 kapena ovate. Mphete zokhala ndi mano ndizosiyana pamasamba. Kutsogolo kwake ndi kowoneka bwino, ndipo chosinthacho chimakhala ndi kupindika pang'ono m'mphepete mwake.
Mitengo yambiri yamaluwa imaphukira nyengo yonse yachilimwe. Lililonse lanyamula limakhala ndi maluwa 2-8 aubweya wamkati mwake mpaka masentimita 8. Corolla imakhala ndi miyala isanu yophatikizidwa m'munsi ndi m'mphepete mwake. Amapaka utoto wapinki, lalanje, rasipiberi kapena mtundu wagolide.
Pambuyo kupukutira pa mpesa, nyemba zolimba zosenda masentimita 8-10. Zing'onozing'ono, mbewu za pubescent zamtundu wakuda wakuda zimabisala mumphika wa bivalve. Chipatso chokhwima bwino chimatsegukira palokha ndipo mphepoyo imafalitsa mbewu mosavuta pamtunda wautali.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamisasa
Mitundu yocheperako yamisasa imakhala ndi mitundu itatu yayikulu yokha ndi mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera.
Kwambiri ndi misasa yazika mizu. Liana wokhala ndi mphukira zazitali (8-9 m) amatha kukhala ndi mizu yamphamvu mu ma infode ndikugwiritsitsa mbali iliyonse. Petiole iliyonse imakhala ndi masamba 9 masamba omwe amakhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyananso. Maluwa a Tubular amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 6. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu carpal inflorescence kumapeto kwa mphukira. Chipini chowala cha lalanje chimasandulika kukhala nthambi yofiyira kumapeto kwa ma petals. Mtengowu umakonda nyengo yotentha, koma imatha kupirira kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka -20 ° C.
Mitundu yotchuka:
- Flamenco - mipesa mpaka 5 m kutalika kwa Julayi-October imakutidwa ndi inflorescence yofiyira;
- Flava - masamba achikasu achikasu amatulutsa pa mpesa mu Julayi-September;
- Oyambirira - limamasula kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June wokhala ndi maluwa akulu okongola ofiira.
Campsis ndi yayikulu-maluwa (achi China). Liana losinthika popanda mizu yozungulira imazungulira thandizo ndi njira zazing'ono. Pa petioles 7-9 cirrus masamba pafupifupi 6. cm. Maluwa okhala ndi chubu chopapatiza kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8. Amapakidwa utoto wamalalanje. Mphukira imakhala yocheperako kukula ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati chitsamba chofalikira. Chomera chimakonda kutentha, koma chimatha kulekerera kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka -18 ° C.
Campsis ndi wosakanizidwa. Mtundu wocheperako womwe uli ndi maluwa akuluakulu komanso mipesa yosinthiraitali mamita 4-6. Imadziwika ndi kukana chisanu kwambiri komanso kukongoletsa kwambiri. Mitundu yotchuka "Madame Galen" ndi chitsamba chomwe chimamera ndi maluwa akuluakulu ofiira.
Njira zolerera
Kufalitsa kwa Campsis kutha kuchitidwa ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mbewu zimafesedwa mbande. Sakufuna kukonzanso kowonjezera kapena kuyanjana. Ndikokwanira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Marichi kugawa mbewu m'mabokosi okhala ndi dothi lotayirira, lokwanira 5 mm. Mphika umasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 25 ° C ndipo nthawi zina umanyowetsa nthaka. Kuwombera kumawonekera masiku 20-25. Masamba owona a 5-6 akamera pa mpesa wachichepere, amathanso kuwaika kumalo okhazikika. Ubwino wa njira yofalitsira izi ndikuti mbande pachimera pokhapokha zaka 7-8 mutabzala, ndipo mikhalidwe yosinthidwa bwino siyinatenge.
Kubzala kwamasamba kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kupeza mpesa wamaluwa wobiriwira wokhala ndi zizindikiro za chomera cha mayi. Kwa iye, zigawo zotsatirazi za creeper zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kudula. Mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe, mphukira wapakati popanda masamba amadulidwa. Ndikofunikira kutenga gawo ndi masamba 2-3, tsamba lamasamba limadulidwa 2/3. Mizu yokhazikika mu dothi lamchenga pamtunda wa 45 °. Nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi mbewuyi imakwiriridwa ndipo nthawi zina imathiriridwa. Mizu yovomerezeka imawonekera patatha mwezi umodzi mwa 90% ya zodula.
- Kukula kwa mizu. Njira za mizu nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pachisamba. Ngakhale mwachangu, amapanga pomwe nthambuyo zawonongeka, motero atakumba pansi pafupi ndi malo, mphukira zambiri zimapangidwa. Ali ndi mizu yodziyimira payokha. Ndikokwanira kukumbira mbewuyo koyambirira kwamasika kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndikusunthira kumalo atsopano.
- Kuyika. M'mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi, pakufunika kuwombera pansi mfuti zamisasa pansi. Nyengo yonse, dothi pafupi ndipomasuka limamizidwa. Pofika kumapeto kwa nyengo yotsatira, zigawo zokhala ndi mpweya wolimba. Imalekanitsidwa, chimacho chimagwiridwa ndi makala opera ndikuwachotsa kumalo okhazikika.
Malamulo Osamalira
Campsis imadziwika ndi kupulumuka kwakukuru komanso kusazindikira. Iyo, ngati udzu, imakula mwachangu ndipo imabala ana. Komabe, kuti mukwaniritse maluwa ambiri, malamulo angapo a chisamaliro ayenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Kuwala Kuti mukule mwachangu ndi kupangika kwa masamba, makampu amafunikira kuwala kambiri. Bwino kusankha malo otsegukiramo. Ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, kuwala kwadzuwa sikungachititse kuyaka.
Kutentha Liana limamverera bwino kwambiri kumadera otentha akumwera. Pakati pa msewu, mphukira sizikula mwachangu, ndipo nthawi yozizira amafunika pogona. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe malo otetezedwa kuti mupange kubzala.
Zisanu. Mizu yamisasa imakutidwa ndi lapnik, masamba adagwa ndi utuchi. Ngati mipesa ikhoza kuchotsedwa kuthandizo ndikakanikizidwa, imakutidwa ndi zofanana ndi mizu. Liana pazothandizira amakutidwa ndi lutrasil ndi polyethylene.
Kuthirira. M'masiku otentha komanso maluwa, kampsis amafunika madzi okwanira, koma amatha kupirira chilala pang'ono. Ndikofunika kupewa kuthamanga kwamadzi m'nthaka.
Mavalidwe apamwamba. Panthaka yachonde, a liana amatha kumera popanda feteleza. Ndikusowa kwa michere, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma nitrogen-phosphorous. Amapangitsa maluwa kukhala ochulukirapo komanso motalika.
Kudulira. Kudulira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kumisasa yonse pachaka. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, gawo la mphukira zachikale kapena zachisanu ziyenera kudulidwa kuti zithandizire kukula kwa nthambi zazing'ono. Ndi pa iwo pomwe minyewa yamkati yamaluwa imaphukira. Pamene masamba akutha, mutha kuwachotsa ndi ma pod. Mukugwa, kudulira koyenera kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti liana lisapitirire gawo logawidwa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Campsis kwenikweni samadwala matenda. Ndi kusefukira kwamvula kwamtunda kokhako kumene kumatha kukhudzidwa ndi kuvunda kwamizu. Popeza dzenjelo limamera msanga, ndikokwanira kusintha malo othirira ndikuchotsa madera omwe akhudzidwa.
Mwa majeremusi onse, nsabwe za m'masamba zokha zomwe zimasokoneza maluwa ndi masamba achichepere. Kuchiza ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo tithandizire kuchotsa. Ndikofunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kuti mupewe.
Ngati malo ophunzirawo samatulutsa, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa majeremusi, nyengo yozizira kwambiri kapena dothi losauka. Zomera zazing'ono zomwe zimadulidwa kumatulutsa mchaka chachitatu, ndi mbande - osati kale kuposa zaka 7-8.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kampu
Liana lokongola, lomwe likukula mofulumira lidzadzaza mundawo ndi mitundu yowala ndi fungo labwino. Ndibwino kukongoletsa mipanda, zingwe kapena mpanda. Iyenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi nyumba zaulimi kuti ibise makoma oyipa pansi pa mipesa yobiriwira.
Maluwa a Campsis amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maluwa. Adzayimilira mu vase kwa milungu iwiri ndipo adzakusangalatsani ndi mitundu yowala.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mizu ya mizu yamisasa ndi yolimba kwambiri. Kukulira khoma lanyumba, amatha kukula ndikukula kwa maziko ndi njerwa. Komanso maluwa onunkhira amakopa tizilombo tambiri tomwe timatha kuwuluka m'chipindacho kudzera pazenera lotseguka. Pazifukwa izi, ndibwino kubzala malo omwe ali patali ndi kwawo.
