Guernia ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri komanso chosasinthika, chomwe sichikupezekanso m'dziko lathu. Mawonekedwe achilendo a mphukira ndi maluwa owala amakupangitsani kuti mugule guernia mutatha kudziwa bwino. Dziko lakwawo la mbewuyo ndi dera louma la South Africa ndi Peninsula ya Arabia. Kuchokera ku Latin ndikulondola kuwerenga dzina loti "zinyalala", koma wamaluwa ambiri amawutcha kuti cactus.
Kufotokozera kwa Guernia
Guernia imatulutsa timiyala tambiri tambiri pomwe ma nthiti akuthwa a 3-5. Mano okhazikika opanda singano amakula paz nthiti. Zomera zobiriwira zakuda nthawi zina zimakhala ndi madontho ofiira. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu kuli pafupifupi masentimita 30. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi mapangidwe owongoka kapena zokwawa.
Mbewuyi imadyetsedwa bwino ndi mizu yaying'ono, ya film, yomwe ili pamtunda wapamwamba pamtunda. Pa mphukira imodzi, masamba ofananira amatha kupanga, pomwe zimayambira bwino zimamera ndipo guernia imakhala ngati chitsamba.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, maluwa pamaluwa amaphukira, pomwe maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso owala a guernia amapangidwa. Amakhala pachithunzi chofupikitsa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a gramophone yaying'ono kapena korona. Duwa lamtunduwu limakhala losalala, pharynx imakutidwa ndi zophuka zazing'ono (papillae). Kupaka maluwa ndi koyera, chikaso kapena kufiyira. Pali masamba a monophonic kapena ophimbidwa ndimawonekedwe osiyana.
Guernia amapukutidwa ndi ntchentche, kotero nthawi ya maluwa imakhala ndi fungo labwino kwa iwo komanso zonyansa pang'ono kwa anthu. Kulimba kwake kumakulira nyengo yotentha, dzuwa. Ngakhale mphukira iliyonse imangokhala masiku ochepa, maluwawo amaphimba mapesi ake ndipo limaphuka kuyambira pansi. Chifukwa chake, maluwa amatenga miyezi 2-3, kuyambira Juni mpaka kumayambiriro. Pambuyo popukutira bwino, zipatso zazing'ono zokhala ndi njere zazing'ono zimawonekera m'malo mwa duwa.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mitundu ya genus ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 60. Ena a iwo ndi ofanana, ena ndi osiyana.
Guernia waku Kenya. Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi drooping zimayambira kutalika kwa 30 cm. Mu Meyi-Juni, maluwa amawoneka, amapanga inflorescence yaying'ono ya 2-5 masamba. Duwa lililonse limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambale ndipo ndi utoto wofiirira. Pakatikati pa bud ndi 3 cm, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumakutidwa ndi mano osaloledwa.
Guernia wamwala (zebrina). Chomera chakufupi mpaka 10 cm, chomwe chimakhala ku South West Africa. Kutalika kwa tsinde lirilonse ndi nthiti zinayi kumangokhala masentimita awiri okha .. Akakula mu kuwala kowala, mphukira zobiriwira zimakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima ya burgundy. Maluwa amodzi amafanana ndi nyenyezi ya maso asanu yomwe ili ndi fosholo komanso pang'ono yoyambira. Dawo lililonse la maluwa ndi 7 masentimita 7. Pharynx yamaluwa amajambulidwa maroon. Pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa miyala, m'mikwingwirima yachikasu imawoneka.
Guernia ndi wamkulu-zipatso. Zomera zoyenera zobiriwira zowala kapena zowala. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 20 cm / nthiti 7 zokhala ndi mano opindika amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi tsinde. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi masamba 2-5 mwanjira ya belu. Dawo lililonse la maluwa ndi masentimita awiri: Kapu ya bud imapakidwa utoto ndikuphimbidwa ndi chidutswa chamdima.
Guernia ndi wankhanza. Wamitundu yaying'ono yolimba yotalika masentimita 1.5, nthiti 5. Zomera zake zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndipo wophimbidwa pang'ono ndi mano ofupika koma lakuthwa. Maluwa ooneka ngati mabatani okhala ndi timiyala tanu tosindikizidwa ndi penti. Pansi pa chubu ndi yokutidwa ndi papillae wautali, wakuda.
Guernia ndi watsitsi. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zitsamba zakuda, zazifupi, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi mano atali. Mtunduwu umafanana kwambiri ndi khola wamba. Mphukira ndi zobiriwira zowoneka bwino, m'mphepete mwa mano pang'onopang'ono zimapakidwa utoto. Maluwa amtunduwu amafanana ndi nsomba yam'madzi yokhala ndi pharynx. Pali mitundu yamtundu wa miyala yamitundu mitundu. Dongosolo la corolla limachokera ku 2,5-5 cm.
Guernia wachisomo ili ndi masamba ofupikira obiriwira ozungulira okhala ndi mbali 4-5. Mano akuthwa okwera amaphimba tsinde lonse pansi. Maluwa amafanana ndi akorona ndipo amapakidwa utoto wamchenga. Madontho a Maroon amwazika ponseponse mkati mwa bud.
Njira zolerera
Guernia imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi mizu ya njira. Mbewu zimabzalidwa kapu yopyapyala ndi dothi lamchenga. Zitsani mbeu iliyonse ndi masentimita 1 ndikusunga mtunda pakati pa mbande za 2-4 cm. Mbewu zoyambirira zimaphuka pambuyo masiku 15-25. Pakatha mwezi wina, amazikoloweka mumipanda yayikulu ndikukula ngati chomera chachikulire.
Malo okwera, osalala a mphukira popanda maluwa ndi oyenera kudula. Zidula zimadulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chachikulire ndikusiya tsiku lotseguka kuti ziwonongeke. Amabzalidwe mumchenga wamchenga ndikuphatikiza ndi pang'ono peat. Mizu yake imawonekera mkati mwa masabata awiri, pambuyo pake njirayi imatha kuikidwa kumalo okhazikika.
Malamulo Osamalira
Kuti mubzale guernia, gwiritsani ntchito osaya, okhala ndi zida zazikulu zokhala ndi mabowo otaya madzi. Pansi pa mphikawo mumadzaza ndi dongo kapena tchipisi tating'onoting'ono. Nthaka imasankhidwa yopepuka, yopumira. Zotsatirazi zitha kusakanikirana magawo ofanana:
- dothi louma;
- tsamba humus;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga wowuma;
- makala +
Ngakhale m'nthaka yokonzekera cacti, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezera pang'ono laimu ndi tchipisi ta malasha.
Guernia amakonda dzuwa lowala ndi mpweya wotentha. Amadzimva bwino pakhonde pofunda nyengo yotentha kapena pawindo ladzuwa. Ngati zenera lakumwera limatsekedwa pafupipafupi, mthunzi waung'ono uyenera kupangidwira guernia. Popanda kupeza mpweya wabwino, dzuwa limatha kuwotcha.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imakonda malo otentha pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya ndi + 24 ... + 26 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, amafunika nthawi yopuma kuti athe kupeza mphamvu zamaluwa zamtsogolo. Guernia amasamutsidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Kuzizira m'munsimu + 12 ° C kumatha kubweretsa imfa.
Guernia amafunika kuthirira kochepa. Madzi ofunda amanyowetsa nthaka pokhapokha nthaka itatha. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikokwanira kuthirira mbewuzo nthawi 1-2 pamwezi. Chizindikiro cha kuthirira kwambiri ndi tsinde lopendekeka ndi mphukira zobowola. Nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza ayenera kuthiridwa. Njira ya cactus imawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira kawiri pamwezi.
Pakupita zaka zitatu zilizonse, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti guernia iuzidwe mu mphika wokulirapo ndikukonzanso nthaka. Izi zimathandizira kuphatikiza gawo lapansi ndi michere ndipo zimapatsanso malo ena mizu. Kuika ndi bwino kuchitidwa koyambirira kwamasika.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Guernia nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuthirira mopitirira malire komanso osati mpweya wofunda wokwanira. Kuwombera kuyenera kuwunikidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti pakhale mawanga a bulauni kapena imvi. Ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwonekera, chotsani madera onse owonongeka ndikuchepetsa nthaka.
Nthawi zina mutha kupeza mealybug pafupi ndi guernia. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nthaka yomwe ingatheke. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (actara, intavir ndi ena) amathandizira kuchotsa mdera losasangalatsa.
