Davallia ndi fern wosazungulira wosabereka. Imakopa chidwi osati masamba obiriwira obiriwira okha, komanso mizu yofewa ya mlengalenga yomwe imapangira kapu yowuma pamwamba pa mphikawo. Ndi mizu iyi yomwe imafanana ndi zofewa zam'mimba, motero duwa la davallia limatchedwa "kalulu kapena squirrel paws."
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Davallia ndi wa banja la dzina lomweli. Ndi mbewu yamuyaya ya epiphytic yokhala ndi korona wakufalikira. Zomera ndizofala ku East Asia (China, Japan) ndi ku Europe (Canary Islands). M'matope athu, davallia fern imamera ngati chomera chambiri. Mu chilengedwe, tchire limafika kutalika kwa 1 m ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 m, koma davallia ampelous imakula 25-255 cm.
Davallia ali ndi nthambi yopanda minofu. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni kapena villi. Masamba osema ambiri amatuluka pamwamba panthaka. Vayi amakhala ndi tsinde lofiirira lomwe limakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira mwamphamvu. Kumbuyo kwa masamba kuli zofiirira zofiirira ndi nthangala.
Zosiyanasiyana
Banjali lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 60, koma ndi ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima m'nyumba. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za oimira otsatirawa.
Davallia canary kufalitsidwa kumwera kwa Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Fern ndiwosatha wokhala ndi mizu yopindika, komanso yokwawa. Rhizome imakutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni komanso setie ya styloid. Cirrus incisors amakula masentimita 30 mpaka 45, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 22-30 masentimita. Leathery masamba ake amakhala pamtunda ndikukhala ozungulira kapena mawonekedwe. Leaflets amakhala pamtunda wautali (masentimita 10-15). Muli ma sporangia angapo omwe ali pamasamba apamwamba ndipo adakutidwa ndi bulangeti ngati chikho.
Bubble Davallia kufalitsa kuchokera Japan ndi China. Mizu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo amapaka utoto wonyezimira. Masamba a Cirrus amatupa pang'ono ndipo amatalika 20-25 masentimita ndi 15 cm.Brown sporangia imawoneka pamapepala komanso kupatsa mtunduwo mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri.
Davallia Fijian Imakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda wobiriwira komanso masamba owonekera. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chotambalala kumatha kufika masentimita 90. Kutalika kwa masamba achikopa ndi 30 masentimita, amalumikizidwa ndi petioles ngati drooping, chifukwa chake mitunduyi ndioyenera kulimidwa kokwanira. Mtunduwu umakonda kuchotsa masamba akale chaka chilichonse ndikukula mphukira zazing'ono.
Davallia ndi wandiweyani Kufalikira ku Malaysia komanso ku Australia. Chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yopyapyala yokutidwa ndi villi. Masamba atatu a cirrus amakula 35-50 cm wamtali ndi 15-25 cm. Masamba otsekedwa ndi mizere amakhala ndi sporangia ya bulauni. Pansipa, petiole yomweyo, yosabala, masamba owongoka amakula. Masamba amalumikizidwa kumtunda kwa petiole ya bulauni, pafupifupi 25-30 cm.
Davallia adasiyana - mitundu ya udzu yokhala ndi wandiweyani, mphukira yotsika komanso kachilomboka kowiririka. Ziweto zopakidwa utoto wachikasu zobiriwira, pamaso pake pali masamba ofiira okwanira masentimita 30. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Davallia ndalama ndi mitundu yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thengo sikupita masentimita 25. Mizu ya bulai imakutidwa ndi villi yoyera. Pa vayayas wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi masamba opindika, anayi. Chomera chimakana kukana kuzizira ndipo chimatha nyengo yozizira panja panja pa kutentha.
Davallia ndi masamba asanu. Mbewuyo ili ndi mizu yopyapyala ngati chocolate. Pamitengo yochepa yobiriwira pamakhala masamba okhazikika, osalala.
Kubalana kwa davallia
Kubwezeretsa davallia pogawa chitsamba kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yothandiza. Gawoli limaphatikizidwa ndi chofunda chachikulu cha fern, chomwe chidzakulitsa kukula. Chapakatikati, tchire limakumbidwa kwathunthu ndikudula ndi tsamba lakuthwa. Malo odulawo amawazidwa makala ophwanyika ndipo mphukira imabzalidwa mumphika wochepa.
Chitsamba chachikulu chimatha kudulidwa m'malo angapo nthawi imodzi. Ndikokwanira kusiya tsamba limodzi labwino komanso kuchokera ku 7 masentimita a rhizome pagawo lililonse.
Pofalitsa davallia ndi spores, pamafunika khama lochulukirapo. Spores amapezeka m'matsenga, omwe, akapsa, amakhala bulauni kapena bulauni. Zotumphukira zimaphwanyaphwanya kuchokera pa wai papepala ndipo ziume m'chipinda chamdima.
Podzala, konzekerani zosakaniza ndi peat osakaniza mbale. Dziko lapansi liyenera kuyerekezedwa ndi kuphika mu uvuni kapena scalding. Ma spores amayesa kugawana padziko lapansi. Nthaka imapakidwa ndi yokutidwa ndi kanema (galasi). Chotengera chija chimasiyidwa pamalo owala komanso otentha.
Pakangotha masabata awiri ndi awiri, gawo la spore limamera. Ferns zazing'ono zimasiyidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuthothidwa nthawi zonse. Mbande imakhala yokonzeka kuthana pokhapokha miyezi iwiri. Mphukira imafunikira chinyezi chambiri, motero pang'onopang'ono amazolowera zachilengedwe. Pogona amachotsedwa tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 15-20, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi.
Magawo pawokha a davallia amatha kuzika mizu ndikukula pawokha. Chifukwa chake, chidutswa cha muzu kapena chidutswa chodula, choyikidwa m'nthaka yothira bwino komanso yokutidwa ndi filimu, posachedwa chikukula.
Malamulo Osamalira
Kusamalira davallia kunyumba sikovuta kwambiri. Amayenera kusankha malo owala, koma osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Mawindo akum'mawa kapena kumpoto adzachita.
Pobzala, osati zakuya kwambiri, miphika yayitali yokhala ndi dothi losakulika la dongo kapena zinthu zina zamadzina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthaka ikhoza kusakanizika kuchokera:
- dziko la turf;
- pepala;
- moss sphagnum;
- peat;
- mchenga.
Momwe chidebe chimadzaza ndi mizu, davallia imayika, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, imagawika tchire zingapo. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kusamala. Mizu yolimba imanyamula pang'ono ndikuwaza nthaka pansi pawo.
Fern amakonda mpweya wofunda, amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka + 40 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kupereka malo ozizira, koma osachepetsa kutentha pansi + 15 ° C.
Chomera chimafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi kuti dothi lisamere konse. Chinyezi chosasunthika sichabwino kwambiri. Mlengalenga muyenera kukhala chinyezi (osachepera 70%). Mutha kuyika fern pafupi ndi dziwe laling'ono kapena kasupe. Gwiritsani ntchito dothi lonyowa mumatayala pafupi ndi fern.
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yotentha, michere yobiriwira yazomera zobiriwira itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsanso michere. Amayikidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kawiri pamwezi.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Pakati pa moyo wa davallia, mavuto ena amabuka omwe samavuta kupirira ngati mumvetsetsa bwino zomwe chimacho chimera:
- kupotoza ndi kugwa kwa masamba obiriwira - kutentha kochepa kwambiri;
- chikasu ndi kuyanika masamba - chinyezi chosakwanira;
- maonekedwe achikasu ndi bulauni mawanga pamasamba - kutentha kwa dzuwa;
- kukula pang'onopang'ono - dothi lambiri.
Masamba (ma nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, mphutsi, zovala zoyera, masiketi, mphukira) amachita chidwi ndi kubiriwira kopanda masamba kwa ferns. Kuti muchepetse tizirombo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi yomweyo.
