Phlebodium ndi chomera chokongola kuchokera ku mtundu wa Ferns mu banja la Centipedes. Ndiofala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zam'mayiko ambiri, komwe kuli tizirombo tambiri. M'dziko lathu, imamera m'chipinda ndi malo obiriwira. Pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe okongola, fern ndiyotchuka chifukwa cha machiritso ake ndipo ndi dokotala wotsimikiziridwa.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Phlebodium ndi mbewu yobiriwira ya epiphytic. Chingwe chake chokwawa chimamatirira pamitengoyi ndipo chimadya chakudya chake. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi mamba a bulawuni komanso yayitali villi. Danga lamizu lakuda ndi 0,8-1,5 cm, ndipo nthawi zina limafika 3 cm.
Masamba ali pa petioles kutalika kwa mita 1. Ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mabowedwe oblong okhala ndi zigawo za wavy amapaka utoto wonyezimira kapena wamtambo. Kutalika kwa pepala la pepalalo ndi 30-130 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 10-50 masentimita. Pamwamba pa pepalalo ndi yosalala, yowala. Vaye iliyonse imakhala ndi masamba ofunika 35. Mbali yokhotakhota, mpumulo, mitsempha yofiyira pang'ono ikuwoneka.
Masoka (kudzikundikira kwa spores) amapezeka pansipa. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo amapentedwa mu lalanje. Monga ngati ndowe zazing'ono zagolide zimabalalika m'mphepete mwa tsamba.
Malingaliro odziwika
Fern phlebodium imayimilidwa ndi mitundu inayi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera. Cofala kwambiri golide phlebodium. Chomera chimatchedwa kuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito golide. Pansi panthaka pali duwa lambiri la masamba ambiri. Masamba akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa mita 1. Pa petiole yolimba pali magawidwe opindika kwambiri obiriwira-abuluu kapena imvi. M'mphepete mwa nkhanu kumbali yosiyana ndi kuwala kwa chikasu mozungulira.
Phlebodium pseudogold. Udzu umakhala wowala komanso wamtambo kapena wamtambo. Sporangia amapezeka mkati mwa mtsempha wapakati motsatana.
Phlebodium pimply. Tchire limasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ataliitali amisala amtundu wowala wobiriwira. Masamba ofiira, achikopa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala. Zowola za sporangia zili m'mphepete mwa m'mabowo.
Phlebodium decumanum. Mtengowo umakhala chitsamba chachikulu chamtunda wa 1-1.2 mita. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira amagawika magawo osayenerera. Kumbuyo kwa waya m'mizere 3-7 ndi sporangia wooneka ngati lalanje.
Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Mandaianum - loboti yayikulu yosasanja masamba imakhala ndi malire a WAvy;
- Ekstrand - masamba omwe amakhala ndi masamba ophatikizika ndi ziphuphu zambiri amakhala ndi magawo ambiri;
- Blue Star - masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu wavy amagawidwa m'magawo 1-3;
- Undulatum - vayi ali ndi magawo akuluakulu okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy;
- Glaucum - tchire tating'ono ndi masamba aimvi.
Kuswana
Chomera cha phlebodium chitha kufalikira pofesa ma spores kapena kugawa nthangala. Njira zonsezi ndi zosavuta komanso zothandiza. Spores zipsa pamasamba ndi yophukira. Vayu amadula ndikutsuka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi zonunkhira papepala. Spores zofesedwa m'mabokosi osiyanasiyana ndi mchenga wonyowa ndi peat. Muyenera kuyesa kugawa mbewu zokha panthaka. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi kanema ndikuyika malo owala, otentha. Pakatha masabata 1-2, dothi limakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira. Pakatha sabata, mbande zimafunikira kudula kuti mtunda ukhale 2-2.5 cm. Tsopano mbande zisungidwe popanda pogona. Pazaka masabata 3-4, ma fern amathanso kubzala m'matumba osiyana.
Mu nthawi yamasika, mukasendeza, mutha kugawa chitsamba chachikulire m'magawo angapo. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi masamba 1-2. Muzuwo umadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumabzala munthaka yonyowa. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kutola kansalu kothina komanso yayitali.
Kupatsirana kwa Phlebodium
Ndikofunika kupangira phlebodium chaka chilichonse, ndibwino kuti muchite izi kumayambiriro kwamasika. Miphika imasankhidwa yemweyo kapena yayikulu pang'ono. Amayesa kuyeretsa dothi kuchokera kumizu. Mizu yomwe inali pamwamba pa nthaka, ndikuchokapo, sikufunika kubisa mbewu yayikulu pansi. Pakubzala gwiritsani ntchito dothi la ferns ndi kuwonjezera pa makungwa a paini ndi singano. Timiyala ting'onoting'ono ndi timiyala timayikidwa pansi pamphika kuti popewa kusayenda kwamadzi.
Malamulo Osamalira
Kunyumba, kusamalira phlebodium sikovuta. Ngakhale oyambitsa amatha kuthana nazo. Chomera chimayenera kupanga malo pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala, koma kusakaniza. Kuyika poto pamalo owotcha dzuwa ndikosayenera. Komabe, ndikusowa kwa kuwala, masamba amapindika, ndipo korona amayamba kuonda. Mutha kuyika phlebodium kuzama kwa chipinda chakumwera, komanso pazenera la kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nyali kuti maola masana amatha maola 12.
Kutentha kokwanira kwa mtengowo ndi + 25 ... +28 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuchepetsa kutentha kukhala + 16 ... +19 ° C, koma kuziziritsa kumunsi + 10 ... +12 ° C kumapha. Ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kusinthe pang'onopang'ono, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumabweretsa masamba.
Kwa wokhala m'malo otentha, chinyezi chofunikira ndizofunikira. Chizindikiro sichikuyenera kugwera pansi 50%. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba nthawi zonse, ndikugwiritsa ntchito tray ndi dothi lonyowa. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi malo osungirako zinyama, ndibwino kuyikapo fern pafupi nayo. Pokhala ndi chinyezi chosakwanira komanso mchikhalidwe, phlebodium imatsika masamba.
Thirani fern pafupipafupi, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Madzi sayenera kusunthika, koma nthaka nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Madontho amadzi pamizu ya mlengalenga angayambitse kuvunda. Gwiritsani ntchito bwino kukwera kapena kuthirira.
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, fern imakulitsa mphamvu yake yobiriwira ndipo imafunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera. Maofesi amaminidwe azomera zobiriwira zamkati ndizoyenera. Kawiri pamwezi, fetelezayu amamuthirira m'madzi kuti azithirira ndikuthira nthaka.
Phlebodium imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Pangakhale kawirikawiri pomwe khungu limapezeka pamenepo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atizilombo moyenera kungathandize kuteteza mphukira.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Phlebodium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zamkati ndikupanga maluwa. Mitundu yake yobiriwira idzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira maluwa. M'mabokosi athunthu mungathe kumanga lonse, lomwe lidzagwa m'masewera okongola kuchokera pazenera.
Musaiwale za machiritso a phlebodium. Kuboola ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba ndi mizu yake kunagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka mu mafuko a Mayan. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa:
- kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira;
- kulimbana ndi kuzizira;
- kukhazikika kwa mtima;
- chithandizo cha mphumu;
- Matenda a chikhalidwe;
- kuchiza matenda a dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer's;
- kuteteza khungu ku radiation ya ultraviolet;
- mankhwalawa psoriasis.
