Exakum ndi chomera chosalala komanso chowala, chimapanga chitsamba chophika mumphika. Mu chilengedwe, zachilengedwe ndi zaka zosatha zimapezeka. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono onunkhira ambiri amadzaza pakona yoluka. Pakuwoneka ngati maluwa ofanana ndi a violet, nthawi zina mbewuyi imatchedwa Persian violet. Mutha kugula exakum osati zofunikira zanu zokha, komanso monga mphatso yabwino. Izi zosasinthika ndizabwino kukongoletsa zipinda, makonde ndi ma verandas.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mitundu yotuluka imakhala ya Amitundu. Zomera zimakhala kumayiko a South ndi East Asia, komanso ku Malaysia. Exzakum ili ndi mizu yobiriwira, yotupa, yomwe imapezeka kumtunda. Mitambo yamdima yobiriwira imakutidwa ndi masamba kwambiri motero nkovuta kwambiri kuyipima kuchokera kumbali. Kutalika kwa korona wozungulira sikupitirira masentimita 30. Mphukira zake zimaphimbidwa kwambiri ndipo ndizophimbidwa ndi ma inferior okhala ndi mbali.
Masamba obiriwira otsutsana okhazikika amaphatikizika ndi zimayambira pa petioles lalifupi. Pa pepala lonyezimira, mitsempha yotalikira yopumira imawoneka. Kutalika kwa masamba a ovoid kapena rhomboid kumafika masentimita 3.5. Mphepete mwa masamba ndi osalala, kumapeto kumakhala kotchulidwa.
Maluwa ochulukirapo amayamba mu Meyi ndipo amatha mpaka miyezi inayi. Mwachidule, maluwa okhazikika, osakwatiwa, amtundu wa axillary pachimake. Ma petals ozungulira amakonzedwa mu mzere umodzi kapena zingapo. Danga la maluwa otseguka limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 1.5. Ziphuphu zimatha kujambulidwa zoyera, zapinki, lilac kapena zofiirira. Pakatikati pake pamakhala zambiri zachikasu ndi mazira ambiri. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo labwino kwambiri. Omwe alimi amawayerekezera ndi fungo la cranberries.
Chifukwa cha kupukutidwa, mabulangesi okhala ndi makhoma okhala ndi njere zazing'ono zambiri amapsa m'malo mwa maluwa.
Mitundu yotchuka
Pafupifupi mitundu 30 ya exakum yapezeka mwachilengedwe. Koma mdziko lathu lokha ndi awiri okha omwe ndi achikulire mchikhalidwe. Zoweta zinaberekanso mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera yomwe imasiyana ndi maonekedwe ake ndi maluwa. Ogulitsa maluwa amatha kugula mitundu yomwe amakonda kapena kupanga zosakanikirana zotulutsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Exzakum zokhudzana ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri komanso wopezeka mosavuta. Mtengowo umapanga udzu wokhala ndi udzu wotalika ndi mainchesi 30. Nthawi zambiri, fanizo lililonse limakhala ndi zaka 1-2, ndiye kuti kukonzanso ndikofunikira. Pamiyala yoyambirira yowutsa mudyo pafupi ndi inzake imaphatikizika, masamba oyang'anizana. Zingwe zosasunthika masentimita 3-4 zazitali ndi utoto wowala. Zitsamba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owala. Duwa la exakum limatulutsa maluwa pamwamba pake. Ma corollas osavuta omwe ndi mainchesi a 1.5 masentimita amakhala ndi mafelemu ozunguliridwa komanso maziko oyambira.
Mwa mitundu yokongoletsera pali mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa a terry komanso maluwa osavuta. Kutengera utoto, mitundu imasiyanitsidwa:
- Maso amtambo, amtambo wamtambo wabuluu - ma penti adapakidwa utoto wamtambo ndi wamtambo;
- Nyenyezi yoyera, oyera leprechaun - mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa oyera.
Exacum atatu-eye. Mtengowo ndi wawukulu kukula, kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi masentimita 50. Tsinde lolunjika, lopindika kwambiri lomwe limakutidwa ndi khungu losalala lobiriwira. Masamba ovunda kapena ozungulira omwe amaphatikizika ndi mphukira ndi petioles lalifupi. Pa masamba, 3 mitsempha yayitali yotalikira, koma yosiyana mawonekedwe ikuwoneka. Pakutha maluwa, maluwa amtambo ambiri, amitundu isanu amwazika korona yonse. Pakatikati pawo pamakhala timalonda tachidule koma tambiri tambiri. Mitunduyi imalimbana kwambiri ndi kuzizira ndipo yakhala ikukula kwa zaka zingapo. Kugawidwa ku Sri Lanka.
Kuswana kwachuma
Chomera cha exakum chimafalitsidwa ndi njira za mbewu ndi masamba. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu yophukira mumchenga wonyowa komanso peat nthaka. Mbewu zazing'ono ziyenera kuyesedwa kugawa pamtunda, sikofunikira kuwaza pamwamba panthaka. Mphika umakutidwa ndi galasi kapena kanema ndikuyika malo otentha. Tsiku lililonse, kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20, wowonjezera kutentha amawaulutsa. The exakum pa mbewu zimamera pambuyo masiku 14-18. Mfuti zimayamba mwachangu. Pofika masamba anayi enieni, mbewu zazing'ono zimadumphira m'miphika yaying'ono. Pofika masika, amakhala korona wokongola ndipo ayamba kuphuka.
Kuyambira tchire akuluakulu, kudula apical kumadulidwa. Nthambi zokhala ndi masentimita awiri kapena atatu mkati mwake zimasankhidwa. Mizu imawonekera patatha masiku 10-14. Zomera zimadzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono ndi nthaka ya maluwa akuluakulu. Ndi njira yofalitsira iyi, masamba a maluwa amatha kuwonekera miyezi iwiri mutabzala.
Kukula Zinthu
Kusamalira exakum kunyumba sikutanthauza kuyesetsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kufupika kwakumoyo, maluwa amatulutsa msanga komanso kusangalatsa ndi kukongola kowoneka bwino. Exacum sichiwonjezereka. Nthawi zambiri amakula bwino mumphika wokhala ndi masentimita 7-10.Danga losanjikiza dongo kapena dongo lotukulidwa limakhomedwa pansi pansi ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 3 cm.
Nthaka iyenera kusankhidwa yopepuka komanso yopumira. Zosakaniza bwino kapena zopanda mbali za:
- dziko la turf;
- tsamba la humus;
- peat;
- pepala;
- mchenga.
Kuti mupeze chitsamba chobiriwira, mutha kubzala mbande 2-3 mumphika umodzi.
Kwa exakum kunyamula malo owala ndi dzuwa. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yake kumatengera kuwala. Mphukira siziopa kuwunika mwachindunji, koma pamasiku otentha ndikulimbikitsidwa kupatsanso chipindacho pafupipafupi kapena kuyika poto mu mpweya watsopano. Palibe chifukwa chothandizira zitsamba. Mitundu ya pachaka ingabzalidwe kumapeto kwa Meyi pamalo otseguka, komwe imakhala chokongoletsera chabwino cha malire kapena maluwa. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe malo opanda mphepo.
Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 17 ... +20 ° C. Sikufunika kupereka mpumulo kapena kutentha. Kuzizira m'munsi mwa +13 ° C kumabweretsa kutsika pang'ono kwamasamba ndikufa kwa chomera.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira exakum pafupipafupi komanso zochulukirapo, kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa pang'ono. Koma ndikosatheka kusefukira gawo lapansi, apo ayi muzu wokuola udzakula. Pa kuthirira gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, ofewa.
Chomera chimakonda mpweya wonyowa, choncho muyenera kupopera mbewuzo nthawi zonse. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi aquarium kapena kasupe, ndibwino kuyika miphika pafupi nayo.
Masiku onse 10 mpaka 10, makatani amadzazidwa ndi yankho la feteleza wamaluwa amkati. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangira mchere pazomera zamaluwa.
Exacum sifunikira kudulira kuti ipange korona. Nthambi zake zimabisala zokha. Kuti muwonjezere kukopa, muyenera kuchotsa masamba opepuka. Kuti apange mbewu, mungu ndi maluwawo ndi burashi kapena kuupatsa mpweya wabwino, pomwe tizilombo touluka timatha kumera.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, exakum samadwala matenda azomera. Masamba ake opweteka nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa ndi akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kumva. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati mpweya wouma kwambiri. Mutha kuthana ndi tizirombo mothandizidwa ndi shawa yofunda, yambiri komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
