Cactus mammillaria (mammillaria) ndi amtundu wosiyana kwambiri mu banja la Cactus. Mitundu yake yaying'ono ndi yachilendo kwambiri imagonjetsa olima maluwa nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yamaluwa, makanda amakhala okongola kwambiri. Ndikokwanira kuwona kamodzi chithunzi cha mammillaria ndipo mukufuna kugula mwachangu malo ochepa awa. Ma cacti opanda mtengowa amakhala mdera lalikulu kuyambira kumwera kwa USA mpaka pakati pa Latin America. Lero, duwa limapezeka mu wowonjezera kutentha aliyense komanso wamaluwa ambiri.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Mammillaria ndiofalikira ponseponse m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mapiri opanda phokoso mpaka 2,5 km. Chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso yopanda tsinde kapena cylindrical. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa cactus ndi 20 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mungakhale 40 cm.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mammillaria ndi kusapezeka kwa nthiti pa tsinde. Mapulogalamu ambiri okhala ndi mitolo ya singano mokakamira komanso mwachisawawa amaphimba mbali yonse ya tsinde. Mwa mitundu ina, papillae (ma tubercles) amakonzedwa mokhazikika ngati mphete zopingasa kapena kuzungulira. Zingwe zakuthwa, zolimba nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'm tubercles apical, pomwe mapepala apansi amakutidwa pansi. Chiwonetsero cha kuchuluka kwa zipatso zimakula m'malo omwe duwa limayamba kupanga.
Duwa la Mammillaria ndi lokongola kwambiri. Kumpoto kwa tsinde la cylindrical, kumapangika maluwa angapo ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu yopindika ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi masamba padziko lonse lapansi. Maluwa ali ngati mawonekedwe a chubu, belu kapena disk yotseguka kwambiri. Danga lamtunduwu limachokera ku 1 mpaka 6. cm. Chowonda, miyala yamtengo wapatali imapaka utoto, siliva, chikaso, pinki kapena ofiira.
Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo kapena mphepo. Maluwa atatha, thumba losunga mazira tating'ono timakhala pakati pa papillae ndipo pafupifupi sitingawonekere. Kucha kumatenga miyezi ingapo. Pang'onopang'ono, zophukira zowala za tubular (zipatso) 1-3 cm zazitali zimawoneka pa tsinde. Mkati mwa zipatsozo muli mbewu zazing'ono za mammillaria, zojambulidwa zofiirira, zofiira kapena zobiriwira.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mitundu ya mammillaria ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 200, iliyonse yaiwo itha kukhala yachikhalidwe. Ngakhale masiku ano, akatswiri a zachilengedwe akupitilizabe kupeza ndi kulembetsa mitundu yatsopano. Timalemba mndandanda wosadziwika kwambiri komanso wotchuka.
Mammillaria Zakutchire. Mtengowu umakhala ndi mizati yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira. Tsinde limakutidwa ndi loyera yazifupi. Dongosolo la mapesiwo ndi masentimita 1-2. Nthawi yamaluwa, zipatso za cactus zimamera ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera okhala ndi pachikasu chowala chachikasu.
Mammillaria Seilman. Phesi lalifupi la cactus limakutidwa ndi singano zokutira ndi zingwe zazitali zofewa. Maluwa ochulukirapo amakhala mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, panthawiyi, mabelu ambiri a pinki amakhala pamwamba.
Mammillaria Luti amapanga mitu ingapo yamtambo wamtambo wakuda. Zingwe zazifupi ndizosowa kwenikweni. Pak maluwa, maluwa akuluakulu awiri awiri okhala ndi maluwa amtundu wa violet ndi pachimake oyera amapangidwa pamwamba. Danga lamaluwa limafika 3 cm.
Mammillaria Baum amapanga tchire la cylindrical nthambi zamtundu wobiriwira. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 15. Chomera chimakutidwa ndi minga yofewa yoyera. Pamwambapa amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ambiri onunkhira achikasu okhala ndi chubu chamtambo.
Mammillaria Blossfeld umasiyanasiyana ndi kupindika kwa danga lomwe limakutidwa ndi singano zolimba zachikasu. Maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi belu amakhala ndi miyala yapinki ndi yoyera komanso pakati pake pachikasu.
Mammillaria Bokasana. Cactus amapanga khola lamiyala lalitali mpaka 6cm lomwe limakhazikika pamiyala yolumikizika komanso mulu wambiri woyeretsa. Maluwa oyera-apinki amapanga nkhata yokongola.
Mammillaria Carmen Imakhala ndi mulingo wowonda kwambiri wamtali pafupifupi 5cm komanso 5cm mpaka 5. Sitimayo imakutidwa ndi nthambi zambiri komanso yopanda timiyala tating'ono tofiirira. Maluwa oyera oyera azithunzi pamwamba.
Mammillaria adapitilira Amakhala m'mizere ingapo yotalika mpaka 4cm. Tizipukwa tambiri tambiri tomwe timakhala tofanana ndi tsinde. Pak maluwa, nkhata yamaluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiira amatseguka.
Mammillaria Prolifera amapanga mipira yaying'ono pansi panthaka yayitali. Maluwa amodzi achikasu amatulutsa pamwamba.
Mammillaria wochepa yayitali ndimiyala yambiri yokhala ndi ana aang'ono. Magulu azitali zamiyala yolumikizana ndi tsinde, ndipo singano zofiirira zapakati zimayendetsedwa molunjika. Pamwambapa amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, achikasu.
Ochita maluwa omwe sakanatha kudziwa mawonekedwe awo amatha kugula kusakaniza kwa mammillaria m'sitolo - chisakanizo cha mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera.
Kubalana kwa Mammillaria
Mammillaria amapanga ana modzipereka, chifukwa chake kufalikira kwazomera ndikosavuta kwambiri komanso kothandiza kwambiri. Pakudzala konzekerani miphika yosalala ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi malovu. Dothi limanyowa pang'ono. Ana amasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi ndikuyiyika panthaka. Mutha kuwakankhira pang'ono, koma osakumba mozama. Asanapangidwe ndi mizu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti apange thandizo kuchokera ku nthambi kapena miyala.
Kubzala mbewu kumathandiza kuti zisawonongeke ndikupezanso mbeu zochuluka nthawi yomweyo. Mbale yokhala ndi mabowo otayira ngalande ndikugawaniza dothi losakanizidwa ndi mchenga. Mbewu zimayikidwa pansi osakonkha. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapenagalasi. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya kumera ndi + 22 ... +25 ° C. Mbeu za Mammillaria ziyenera kutsanulidwa nthawi zonse kuti zisaume. Mphukira zikawoneka, pogona zimatha kuchotsedwa, ndipo kuzindikiridwa kwa minga ndi chizindikiro choti munthu angatenge ndi kumuyika.
Malamulo Osamalira
Kusamalira mammillaria sikovuta. Cactus amakonda kwambiri kuwala kowala. Komabe, pazenera lakumwera masana mudzafunika mthunzi wocheperako kapena kupumira pafupipafupi. Munthawi yamaluwa, ndipo amatha kupezeka nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti amupatse tsiku lowala maola 16. Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito nyali.
Cacti amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kupatsa mbewuyo nthawi yopanda matalala ndikusamutsira kuchipinda komwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikupita + 10 ... +15 ° C. Mitundu ina imatha kupirira kutentha kwa -7 ° C.
Mammillaria iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi kawirikawiri komanso pang'ono. Dziko lapansi liyenera kuuma kwathunthu. M'nyengo yotentha, mutha kuthirira katatu pamwezi, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndiyofunika mwezi uliwonse pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Cactus samadwala mpweya wouma, koma kumwaza kwakanthawi ndimavomerezeka.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, gawo la feteleza wa nkhadzeyo liyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi othirira pamwezi. Izi zikuthandizira kukula kwamphamvu ndi maluwa ambiri.
Pakadutsa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, mammillaria amafunika kumuyika. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mu April. Asanaikidwe, nthaka ndiyuma. Kwa cactus, sankhani miphika yosalala komanso yotakata yokhala ndi mabowo akuluakulu otayira. Pansi pa thankiyo muli yokutidwa ndi dongo kapena tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba gawo lapansi limagawidwa pazinthu izi:
- peat;
- dziko la turf;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mammillaria samadwala matenda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi nthabwala komanso akangaude. Ngati majeremusi apezeka, muyenera kuthira mankhwalawo ndi mankhwala opha tizirombo mobwerezabwereza patatha masiku 7-10.
