Prilomnik - zitsamba zobiriwira za herbaceous zomwe zimapanga maluwa obiriwira. M'banja la nthumwi ya banja la Primrose pamakhala zokolola za pachaka komanso zosatha, zomwe zambiri zimakhala m'mapiri.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Mitundu yambiri ya wophulayo ali ndi zopitilira zana ndi zomera zamuyaya. Onsewa ali ndi mizu yopanda maziko, yolimba kwambiri. Zomwe zimayambira zimayenda kapena ndizokwawa, kotero kutalika kwa mphukira sikumafikira 20 cm, ndipo kumatha kukhala ngati 5 cm.
Mtundu wa magawo pansi ndiwowoneka bwino. Chifukwa cha nyengo zoyipa, masamba ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala oboola pakati. Mawonekedwe onenepa, nthawi zina amakhala ndi masamba pafupi ndi nthaka. Kutalika kwake sikupita 2-5 cm.
Pamutu pa mphukira, pamayendedwe afupifupi pamakhala maluwa amitundu itatu. Amayala bedi lamtambo pamtondo wobiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochepa, pafupifupi 1 cm. Mtundu wa pamakhala ndi loyera, la pinki, lachikasu kapena la rasipiberi. M'mitundu ina, miyala yoyera ya chipale chofewa imasandulika kukhala wofiirira.
Maluwa amayamba molawirira, nthawi zina pambuyo posachedwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo amatha mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Maluwa ali ndi fungo labwino lonunkhira. Maluwa atatsirizika, zipatso zazing'ono zimapangidwa - kapu yozungulira yozungulira yokhala ndi njere zazing'ono.
Gulu
Mitundu yonse yodula yophulika imagawidwa m'magulu anayi molingana ndi malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe:
- Chamaejasme. Mitundu yambiri yamapiri pachikhalidwe. Gululi limaphatikizapo chivundikiro pansi, maluwa ambiri. Amakonda dothi labwino lachonde mumthunzi wochepa.
- Pseudoprimula. Kugawidwa ku Central Asia ndi Far East. Amakhala m'malo okhala ndi mthunzi pang'ono. Amatha kulima bwino.
- Aretia. Muli mitundu yamtali, yopanda miyala yomwe imakonda malo amiyala kapena yamchenga, yobisika dzuwa. Ndikovuta kwambiri kusamutsa mbewuzo kumunda.
- Andrapsis Gululi lili ndi zopangidwa pachaka zomwe zimafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi njere.
Mitundu yotchuka
Wophwanya chakumpoto. Chaka chino kuli ponseponse nyengo yotentha yamayiko onse a North Hemisphere. Imapezeka pamiyala, pamiyala youma, m'mphepete mwa msewu. Ndi chomera, chokwera pansi komanso chotalika masentimita 6 mpaka 20. Masamba othimbirira, am'munsi amapezeka pansi. Malo awo amatha kukhala osalala kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Yosalala, yokhazikika kumapeto ndi inflorescence yaying'ono. Mphukira iliyonse imakhala ndi njira yocheperako. Corolla imakhala ndi timiyala toyera tating'ono komanso timiyala tating'ono tachikasu. Maluwa amapezeka mu Epulo-Julayi. Zipatso zimakhwima mosiyanasiyana, miyezi iwiri itatha maluwa.
Kuphwanya kwa Kozo-Polyansky. Mitundu yachilendo yotchulidwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Imakonda miyala yamiyala yamapiri ndi chalky yokhala ndi chivundikiro chaudzu kapena timayala tating'onoting'ono. Chomera chamuyaya ichi sichimasiyana pakachulukidwe kakachulukidwe, koma masamba ake amatengedwa m'miyala yambiri. Masamba ofiirira, owuma omwe ali ndi mtsempha wapakati wozungulira pansipa. Mivi imakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera ndikutha ndi inflorescence ya masamba 2-7. Mitambo yoyera ngati chipale chofewa imayandikana ndi pakati pakasu achikasu kapena lalanje.
Shaggy wopwanya Amapanga mapilo obiriwira obiriwira mpaka 7 cm. Masamba ndi mivi zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali. Maluwa amayamba m'mwezi wa Meyi, nthawi imeneyi matchuwo amakutidwa ndi zoyera ndi maso a pinki, pinki komanso maluwa ofiirira. Mtengowo umakhala ndi fungo labwino, labwino. Imakonda dothi losasenda bwino, lamchenga wokhala ndi calcium yambiri.
Phula Lachinyamata amagawidwa ku Himalayas pamtunda wamtunda wa 3-4 km. Imakhala ngati kapeti wokuluka, mpaka kutalika kwa 5 cm. Malo am'miyendo ya masamba ndi wandiweyani, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndi tint yofiirira. Ikuyamba kuphuka mu Meyi. Pa muvi, maluwa a pinki kapena ofiirira okwanira 2-3 okhala ndi duwa loyera. Amakonzekereratu bwino malo osalala.
Chialbino chophwanyika limamasula kumapiri a Caucasus pamtunda wamtunda wa 3,6 km. Miyoyo ya zaka 1-2. Pamwamba pa carpet wopitilira masamba kutalika kwa 10-20 masentimita, mivi ya pubescent yokhala ndi matupi afupipafupi imamera. Mu ambulera imodzi yowoneka ngati ma ambulera, pamakhala maluwa oundana kapena oyera otuwa. Limamasula kuyambira Meyi mpaka June.
Njira Zofalitsira ndi Kukula
Kwa mbewu zosatha, njira yosavuta kwambiri yofalitsira ndikudula ndi kugawa kwa nthangala. Iwo akhala akuchita izi kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, maluwa atatha. Malo ogulikirawa amakumbidwa mosamala ndikudula mbali ziwiri. Zomera zing'onozing'ono nthawi yomweyo zimabzalidwa dzenje ndi dothi labwino, lonyowa. Delenki ndi petioles zimaphuka msanga ndipo zimayamba kuphuka chaka chamawa.
Kubzala mbewu kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri, koma kumakupatsani mwayi waukulu wazomera nthawi imodzi. Mbewu zimataya kumera msanga, chifukwa chake zimafunikira kufesedwa mutakolola kapena chaka choyamba. Mutha kubzala nthawi yomweyo panja nthawi yachisanu. Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera kumapeto, koma zimatha kuchedwa kwa chaka chathunthu. Zomera zimayamba kuphukira ndipo kenako zimaponyera pansi mphukira.
Pakakulitsa mbande, mbewu zimafunika stratization mufiriji kwa masabata 6-8. Imachitika pambuyo kufesa mu chidebe ndi lapansi. Mphukira zoyambirira zitha kuwoneka ngakhale mufiriji, koma ichi sichiri chifukwa chosamutsira poto mwachangu. Mukamaliza kupatulira, chidebe chimawululidwa m'malo otentha. Kumera kumatenga mpaka miyezi iwiri. Mbande zolimba zimabzalidwa panthaka mu Meyi kapena June. Mtunda pakati pa mbande ndi pafupifupi 10 cm.
Zinthu zosamalira wophwanya lamulo
Kukula m'malo okhala ovuta, a mapiri, wophulitsayo ndiwotentha, motero, sadzafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kwa wamaluwa. Amakonda dothi lopepuka, lotayirira lokhala ndi miyala yambiri, mchenga kapena zigawo zina zazikulu. Chomera sichikakamira feteleza, koma chikufunika madzi abwino. Imamveka bwino m'malo owala kapena mumthunzi wocheperako.
Zomera sizifunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi, zimasinthidwa kuti zithandizire chilala, koma chinyezi chowonjezera chimatsogolera kuvunda kwa mizu. Kwa tizirombo ndi matenda wamba, chitetezo chabwino chimawonedwa.
Mphepo yamphamvu kapena matalala ake sioyipa kwa wophulika. Mitundu ina imalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -28 ° C. Masamba akamera, ndikofunikira kuti mulch nthaka ndi masamba agwa. Mwa izi, mizu imalandira chakudya chofunikira. Palibe pobisalira ena.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Malo ophulawo ndi abwino kukongoletsa malo otsetsereka ndi mapiri amchenga. Mapilo ake obiriwira obiriwira, ophimbidwa ndi maluwa, amawoneka bwino m'minda yodziyimira panokha kapena kutsogolo kwa maluwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamwala kapena miyala.
Kuphwanya kumpoto, kuphatikiza zokongoletsera, kumakhalanso ndi katundu wochiritsa. Muli ma saponins, coumarins, flavonoids, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anticonvulsant, bactericidal agent komanso kulera kwachilengedwe. Kukonzekera mankhwalawa, udzu wonse pamodzi ndi mizu umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Msuzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khunyu, kupweteka kwa mtima, urolithiasis, magazi, komanso motsutsana ndi pakati.
