M'chaka ndi chilimwe, mukufuna kukondweretsa maso anu ndi chinthu chokongola, kukongoletsa bwalo lanu, khonde ndi zenera zodzala ndi maluwa, kulenga chitonthozo kuzungulira inu ndi kusangalala ndi kukongola. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Mutha kudzikulitsa nokha kapena kugula m'miphika. Malo oyamba m'mitundu yake, kulemera kwa mtundu ndi kukongola ndi petunia. Komabe, kuti duwa likondwere kuoneka kwa nthawi yayitali, m'pofunika kudziwa momwe mungadyetse petunia maluwa ambiri.
Petunia: kufotokoza mwachidule maluwa
Imeneyi ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe amakongoletsa kunja kwa mawindo ndi matanthwe. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu - yowonjezera-yowonjezera ndi yaikulu. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 25.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsinde imadalira mtundu wa zomera: nthambi, zolunjika, kupachika kapena zokwawa. Mtundu wa masamba ndi osiyana kwambiri: woyera woyera, maonekedwe osiyanasiyana achikasu ndi pinki, ofiira ofiira, ofiira, a buluu, pali zithunzi zamoto zamaluwa.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yoyamba yochokera ku mtundu wa Petunias inapezedwa ndipo inafotokozedwa pafupi ndi Montevideo (Uruguay) mu 1793. Iyo inayikidwa ndi Lamarck ku mtundu wa Tabakov ndipo inalandira dzina lakuti Nicotiana axillaris.Ziribe kanthu za mbeu ya mbeu ndi chikondi. Amakonda chinyezi, koma osati kupitirira malire kwa izo. Ngati mutakula ndi maluwa, maluwa amapezeka pa 70-90th mutatha kubzala, zimadaliranso osankhidwa osiyanasiyana.
Zosakaniza feteleza
Kaya mtundu uliwonse kapena mitundu yomwe mumasankha, idzafunika kudyetsa nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa momwe angadyetse petunia maluwa ambiri.
Chomera ndi chokongola ndi chofatsa, koma chowopsa kwambiri. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti manyowa akhale. Maluwa, obzalidwa miphika yaing'ono ndi miphika, amafunika kudya nthawi zonse. Muzitsulo zing'onozing'ono, gawo lapansi limataya mwamsanga zinthu zomwe zomera zimasowa. Choncho, ndikofunika kubzala maluwa m'miphika yayikulu.
Manyowa amafunika mwamsanga pamene anabzala mbewu maluwa, ndi zomera zazikulu. Ndipo feteleza osankhidwa bwino kwa petunia adzafunika maluwa ambiri. Ndipotu, cholinga chathu ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi maluwa.
Njira za feteleza
Pali njira zingapo zothandizira petunia.
- Feteleza mankhwala a mbewu. Amachitidwa ndi succinic acid. Zimayambitsa nthaka microflora ndi petunia kukula. Ndi chakudya cha zomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimayendera bwino zomera za nthaka. Chomeracho, choonjezeredwa ndi aspicic acid, chimakula bwino ndipo chimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera matenda osiyanasiyana. Zimathandizanso kuti chilala chikhale bwino. Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ndi wothandizirazi si koopsa. Mbeu zowongoka sizimayenera kuti zikhale umuna. Iwo amadyetsedwa kale ndi kutetezedwa ndi peat, fetereza feteleza ndi zipolopolo za humus.
- Kupaka pamwamba. Kuwaza feteleza musanadzalemo chomera kumapanga mulingo wabwino wa zakudya kuti ukhale nawo. Komanso anachitanso kupewa matenda oterowo ngati mwendo wakuda. Peat yowonjezera madzi. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zoyenera, chifukwa petunia silingalole chinyezi chambiri. Nthaŵi yomweyo musanapange njere, nthaka imathiriridwa ndi fungicide. Zingasinthidwe ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate.
- Mbewu za feteleza ndi petunias akuluakulu. Pambuyo pakumera mbande patapita masiku 14 perekani chakudya choyamba. Kawirikawiri ndi nitrogen ndi feteleza phosphate. Kuvala uku kumachitika tsiku lililonse, kusakaniza ndi madzi okwanira. Feteleza ndi chitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati petunia masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndipo amachitika ndi kupuma kwa masiku asanu, 3-4 nthawi. Phosphates amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange maonekedwe a petunias. Zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zokongola.
- Foliar ntchito feteleza. Ndi bwino kusinthana ndi mizu. Zagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzi. Njira yofooka imapangidwira ndikupopera pa masamba ndi mtundu wa chomeracho. Zovala zapamwamba za Foliar zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pazigawo zoyamba za maluwa.
Mitundu ya mavalidwe a maluwa
Maluwawo ndi osowa ndipo amafunikira chidwi ndi kuwunika. Chotero, mitundu yambiri ya kudyetsa. Kodi feteleza zopangira feteleza zapamwamba komanso zosagwiritsira ntchito nthawi yochuluka bwanji, ndiye - fetereza zamadzimadzi. Iwo ndiwo otchuka kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse ya kuvala. Anagulitsidwa ngati madzi ozizira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi madzi ndipo amathirira gawo lapansi.
Ndikofunikira! Chiwerengero cha dilution cha madzi fetereza ayenera kukhalabe chimodzimodzi. Kulephera kusunga chiwerengerocho chadzala ndi matenda a zomera komanso imfa yake.Kusankha kwawo ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo mukhoza kugula m'ditolo iliyonse yamaluwa. Feteleza kwa maluwa a petunias, pakufuna ndikuyesedwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri: "Garden of Miracles", "Ideal", "Bona Forte", "Uniflor".
Manyowa owuma amadzipangidwanso molingana ndi malangizo, koma amaperekedwa ngati mawonekedwe a ufa kapena granules. Maliko "Plantofol", "Master", "Kemira Lux". Manyowa owuma, monga feteleza zamadzimadzi, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa sabata. Zamagawo zimalemekezedwa malinga ndi malangizo. N'zotheka ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndondomeko ya fetereza imachepetsedwa ndi 3-4 nthawi. Njira imeneyi yopatsa zomera mochuluka kwambiri. 
Manyowa osatha amakhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Iwo ndi granules (superphosphate, nitroammofosk, "Etisso"). Iwo amadziwidwira mu gawo lapansi musanadzalemo petunia ndi kupasuka ndi nthawi, yomwe imadyetsa. Koma vuto lawo ndilovuta kulamulira digiri ya mbewu recharge. Ngati maluwawo ali ndi mawonekedwe osafunika ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sikokwanira kudyetsa, ndiye kuti kumayambitsa feteleza wowonjezerapo kuli mwayi kuti maluwawo athe. Choncho, feteleza chokhalitsa sizinthu zofunika kwambiri. Poyamba olima maluwa ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya kuvala.
Kodi kudyetsa petunia kwa maluwa ochuluka bwanji?
Pafupifupi, petunia pachimake nthawi amayamba June ndipo amatha kudzera September. Malingana ndi zosiyana, zimachitika kuti nthawi ya budding imatha nthawi yaitali. Ndipo, ndithudi, ndikofunika kumusamalira komanso kudyetsa nthawi yake. Ngati mbewu zafesedwa miphika kumapeto kwa February, maluwawo angayambe kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April.
Phunzirani zambiri za kukula maluwa monga gaillardia, Shabo carnation, vatochnik, kosmeya, gazania, malo opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito magazi, daisies, osungunuka, datur.Kwa maluwa ambiri a petunias, ayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi yonse ya kukula kuyambira pa sabata yachiwiri mutabzala. Ayenera kulandira feteleza zovuta.
Chomera chomwe sichikulandira kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira pa kukula, sichitha pachimake. Kodi fetereza imakonda petunia, kotero izi ndizo phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Phosphorus imakula bwino kukula kwake ndipo imapangitsa tsinde ndi masamba ndi microelements. Ndi kusowa kwake kwa masamba kumdima, ndipo nthawizina kumakhala ndi chigoba cha bluish. M'munsi masamba darken ndi kugwa. Pamene zizindikiro izi zikuwonekera, phosphorous yadyetsani maluwa. Potaziyamu ndi petunia yaikulu yovala maluwa, imalimbikitsa maluwa ndi fruiting. 
Maluwa a maluwa, omwe amapezeka ndi potaziyamu, amakhala odzaza ndi owala. Kutalika kusungidwa pa zomera. Potaziyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga musanayambe maluwa. Imaletsa kukula kwa mbeu. Ndikofunika kupewa kutsekula kwadongosolo, mwinamwake maluwawo adzafa. Mavitamini a feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmera.
Onani mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni kumunda: "Aktofit", "Ordan", "Oksikhom", "Kinmiks", "Omite", madzi biohumus, "Fundazol", "Bud", boric acid.Kuwonjezera masamba a feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana chiwerengero cha nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous (NPK 10-10-10). Pamene maluwa akuyembekezeredwa, gwiritsani ntchito fetereza-phosphate feteleza. "Kemira Lux" (16-20.6-27.1) ndi imodzi mwa feteleza yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa maluwa kukhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Mu fetelezayi pali chiwerengero chabwino cha zinthu zomwe zimafunikira ndi petunias kuyamba maluwa.
"Agricola" imagwiritsidwa kale ntchito pa maluwa. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi 15-21-25. Mukamapanga chomera ndipo mutatha kudulira, "Agricola" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma 24-10-20.
Mukudziwa? Chovala chokwera cha petunia kunyumba chimapangidwa ndi yankho la boric acid. Njira yothetsera 1 g ya boric acid mpaka 1 lita imodzi ya madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pepala. Chowonjezera ichi chikuchitika kamodzi.
Ndi chiyani china pambali pa kuvala pamwamba? Zinsinsi zambiri zam'mimba
Kuwonjezera pa fetereza kwa petunia kwa maluwa ochulukirapo, pali zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zinsinsi kuti zisamalire. Iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti azichita. Ndipotu, chomeracho sichitha pachimake kapena maluwa sichidzapezeka. 
Pokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, duwa likusowa malo. Choncho, m'pofunikira kubwezeretsanso nthawiyi ku volume lalikulu. Kawirikawiri powerengera 1 chomera pa 5-lita imodzi yodzaza ndi gawo lapansi.
Kuthirira kumafunika nthawi zambiri, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Zapangidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Chomera ichi chimakonda chinyezi, pamwamba pazomwe siziyenera kuuma. Koma silingalole madzi ochulukirapo. Pamene kutukuka kumatha kukhala ndi matenda (mwendo wakuda). Choncho, timafuna zabwino drainage, makamaka peaty.
Ndikofunikira! Mmera ndi wokongola kwambiri komanso wamba wamba wochokera pampopu sudzabweretsa phindu lalikulu. Zomwe mungamwetse petunia ndi maluwa ambiri, motero madzi ndi pH acidic. Ikhoza kupangidwa mwaulere, kukhala ndi madzi acidified nthawi zonse.Kuti chomera chikhale ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, muyenera kuunika kwambiri. Ndi bwino kusankha khonde kapena zenera kuchokera kumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito kuyatsa magetsi.
Kusinthanitsa kumalimbikitsa maluwa ambiri. Koma nkofunika kuti musapitirire kuwonjezereka, kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuzunzika maluwa.
Ndikofunika kuwombera masamba osweka. Akatsukidwa pachimake amakula. Mwabwino ndi panthawi yake kusamalira chomera, mumapeza zotsatira zabwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuvala kwa petunium ndikupanga njira zofunikira kuti maluwa azisangalala, mudzasangalala ndi kukongola kwanu. Pokhala ndi lingaliro la zochitika za chisamaliro, simudzakhala ndi vuto lokula maluwa. Mvetserani ku zosowa za mbuzi zanu ndikuthokoza kwambiri.
