Eggplants (dzina lake ndi "buluu") ali a banja la nightshade, monga momwe amachitira mbatata, tomato, ndi tsabola wokoma. Kubzala masamba otseguka pansi ali ndi makhalidwe ake omwe.
M'nkhani yomwe tiyang'ana zochitika za kukula kwa eggplants, zomwe muyenera kudziwa mlimi aliyense.
Kulongosola kwachidule
Udzu wa biringanya ukhoza kufika pa 40 mpaka 150 cm mu msinkhu. Masamba akuluakulu ofiira, owopsa mpaka kukhudza, akhoza kukhala wobiriwira kapena wofiirira. Maluwa okongola ndi osakwatiwa kapena amasonkhanitsidwa ndi maburashi a 2-7 zidutswa, m'mimba mwake ndi 2.5-5 masentimita. Mmerawo ukhoza kubala zipatso 15.
Chipatso chomwecho ndi mabulosi akuluakulu ozungulira kapena ozungulira, omwe amalemera pafupifupi 1 makilogalamu. Mtundu ungasinthe kuchokera ku violet kupita ku wakuda. Mitundu yokongoletsa ndi yofiira, yoyera. Pamwamba pa biringanya ndi glossy, mochuluka - matte. Sonkhanitsani chipatsocho chosapsa, ngati eggplants zokoma ndizosavuta komanso zopanda pake. Biringanya ndi chomera chosatha mwa chirengedwe, koma m'madera ozizira amamera mmera momwe zimakhalira pachaka. 
Mukudziwa? Mabwenzi apamtima a kabuluu ndi tomato ndi mbatata, choncho eggplants ndi zipatso.
Kusankhidwa kwa mabedi
Musanayambe kukulitsa mapiritsi apakati, muyenera kusankha bedi lolondola.
Kuunikira
Chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa buluu, kotero malo oti akamatuluke ayenera kukhala bwino komanso otetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu. Eggplants silingalole kutentha: ngati kutentha pansi pa dzuwa lotentha ndiposa 28 ° C, ndiye ukhoza kuiwala za zipatso zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa nthawi yaitali.
Nthaka
Dothi la buluu liyenera kukhala lachonde ndi kusunga chinyezi bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Mizu ya biringanya iyenera "kupuma", choncho silingabzalidwe mu nthaka yolemerera.Zotsatila bwino za chikhalidwe ndi anyezi, nkhaka, nyemba, kabichi. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala m'nthaka kumene mbatata, tomato, tsabola wokoma amakula. Mazira amatha kubzalidwa pabedi limodzi osati kale kuposa zaka 3-4.
Nandolo, mbatata ndi nyemba zimakhala zabwino pafupi ndi mapiritsi m'munda.
Tekeni yamakono
Musanayambe birplants kuthengo, muyenera kuyamba kukula mbande. Choyamba muyenera kusankha choyenera chodzala. Ngati mbewuzo zinakololedwa zokha, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamala kuti zasungidwa mosamala, ndipo ngati zogulidwa, muyenera kuyang'ana tsiku lomalizira, lomwe limasonyezedwa nthawi zonse pa phukusi. Mbewu imakhalabe ndi mphamvu kwa zaka pafupifupi 3-4, kotero iwo amene atsala nthawi yayitali, sangayembekezere kupereka zotsatira zabwino.
Nthawi
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February akuonedwa kuti ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala mbewu. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti chitsamba chidzayamba kubala chipatso mu miyezi 3.5-4. Panthawiyi, ayenera kukula kuchokera ku mbewu yaing'ono ndikukhala mbewu yodzaza.
Momwe mungakonzekerere mbewu
Mbewu ziyenera kufufuzidwa kuti zimere: Amathiridwa m'madzi kwa tsiku ndiyeno amaikidwa pamtambo wofewa. Mbewu zomwe zimayambika masiku awiri ndizoyenera kubzala. Ndibwino kusamba mbewu m'madzi otentha kuti asambe mafuta ochotsa pamwamba, omwe amalepheretsa kumera. Muyeneranso kusanthula, kuchotsa ang'ono ndi olumala. Sakanizani mbewu ndi mankhwala amphamvu a potaziyamu permanganate potsika mbewu mmenemo kwa mphindi 15-20. Chifukwa cha njira iyi sipadzakhalanso matenda ndipo mudzalandira mbande zabwino, zathanzi. Mukhozanso kuthandizira mbeu ndi wolimbikitsira kukula (mwachitsanzo, ndi sodium humate, phulusa, kapena "feteleza"). Mbeu yokonzekera ingabzalidwe.
Mbewu imachulukanso: plumeria, blueberries, anyezi a Indian, lisianthus, clivia, adenium, arugula, phiri phulusa (aronia), wakuda-fruited, fennel ndi aglaonema.
Kufesa mbande
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde ndi yotayirira. Zomwe zimapangidwa bwino - malo a humus, sod ndi mchenga, komabe mungagwiritsire ntchito gawo lapansi lokonzekera la mbande zamasamba, zogulidwa mu sitolo yapadera. Makanki sayenera kukhala osaya komanso omveka. Mbewu imafesedwa ku kuya kwa 5 mm, kukhala ndi mtunda wa pafupifupi 2 cm pakati pawo. Kenaka iwo amawaza madzi otentha, owiritsa kapena owiritsa. M'tsogolomu, amafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, kusunga madzi nthawi zonse.
Malamulo osamalira
Mitengo yambewu imayenera kuikidwa mumthunzi, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pafupi 22-25 ° C. Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti chomeracho ndi thermophilic, kotero kuti kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 15 ° C, chifukwa izi zimatsogolera ku chitukuko. Pambuyo masiku 10-14, ziphuphu zimayamba kukula. Makhalidwe akuyenera kusamukira ku malo okhala ndi kuwala kosiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Muyenera kupewa kupewa kuwala Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumamera, chifukwa iwo akhoza kuwononga chomeracho.
Kuunika kwapamwamba kudzuwa lonse ndikofunikira kwa mbande. Ngati mdima wofunikirako uli wofunikako sulipo, mungagwiritse ntchito kuunikira kwina. Mbande zimafuna nthawi zonse feteleza. Pachifukwachi, supuni ya calcium nitrate imachepetsedwa ndi 10 malita a madzi ndipo, kuphatikizapo ulimi wothirira, kuthirira mbewu kamodzi pa sabata.
Kuti muzitha kumera bwino mbeu, mukhoza kuziphimba ndi filimu mpaka kuyambira kwa mbande, potero kuyambitsa kutentha kwa mbeu. Patapita mwezi umodzi, ziphuphu ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba oyambirira, zikhoza kuziyika m'magawo osiyana. Patapita miyezi iwiri, tipezani tchire tating'ono tomwe tifunika kuikamo pansi.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Biringanya obzalidwa yotseguka kumayambiriro kwa June. Panthawi ino, nyengo yabwino yoyenera kuyamwa imakhazikitsidwa. Pa malo osankhidwayo, chemba mabowo kumbali yakuya ya bayonet, kusunga mtunda wa masentimita 40, pakati pa mizera - pafupifupi masentimita 60. Kenaka tsanulirani madzi ambiri muchitsime chilichonse kuti ikhale ndi gawo limodzi la magawo atatu. Tsopano mungathe kubzala mbande mu nthaka yosungunuka bwino, mozungulira pang'ono pambali iliyonse. Kuti mukhale ndi makapu abwino, mutabzala mbande pansi muyenera kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro chawo. 
Mukudziwa? Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwanu, onetsetsani kuti mumaphatikizapo kudya zakudya ndi biringanya. Amathyola mafuta bwino ndikusunga bwino thupi la asidi.
Malamulo oyambirira kwa kuthirira mbewu
Eggplants ndi moody zomera ndipo amafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu. Simungakhoze kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kuchokera pachitsime, monga zomera chifukwa cha izi zingawononge ndi kufa. Madzi amayenera kuima padzuwa chifukwa cha tsiku - kutentha uku ndibwino kwambiri kuthirira. Pafupifupi malita 15 a madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita iliyonse ya lalikulu.
Kusamalira dothi ndi hilling
Pakati pa nyengo m'pofunika kusamalira malo ozungulira mowirikiza - kumasula ndi udzu. Kutsegula kumayenera kuchitidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 10 kuchokera pa mapiritsi okha, kuti asawononge mizu. Kutsika kwa dothi kumasula kumakhala koyamba masentimita 10, ndiyeno - masentimita 12. Ndi njira iyi, dothi limawomba bwino, ndipo mpweya umapita ku mizu. Nthaŵi zinayi pa nyengo, mazira opangidwa ndi eggplants amayenera kuponyedwa pang'ono, chifukwa cha mizu yotsatira.
Kudya zakudya
Ngakhalenso dzikolo likakhala lachonde, pakadali koyenera kudyetsa eggplant. Pa nyengo yonse yokula, izi zimachitika katatu.
- Patapita milungu iwiri mbeu zitabzalidwa pansi, zimakhala ndi umuna. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena zitoliro za mbalame ndi njira yothetsera mchere feteleza (50 g wa superphosphate ndi 30 g wa urea wochepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi).
- Nthawi yotsatira imalidwa mu mwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zomwezo, kawiri.
- Nthawi yachitatu imadyetsedwa kumayambiriro kwa fruiting nthawi. Choyamba, chitsamba chimathiridwa mochuluka ndi madzi oyera, ndipo kenaka amatsanulira (70 g ya urea, 80 g ya superphosphate ndi 20 g ya potaziyamu ya kloride yomwe imadulidwa mu malita 10 a madzi). Manyowa ayenera kutsanulidwa pamtunda, kuti asagwe pa masamba ndi mphukira.
Mukudziwa? Kummawa, biringanya amatchedwa "longevity masamba". Chifukwa cha mchere wochuluka wothandiza anthu, buluu amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino. Iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu achikulire.
Matenda ndi chithandizo cha tizilombo
Mdani wofunika kwambiri wa buluu ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata. Mphutsi zake mwamsanga zimadya zonse zobiriwira za mbewu. Ndizoopsa komanso kangaude, zomwe zimawonjezeka chifukwa cha kutentha komanso kutsika. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaphatikizapo whitefly, belar polar, aphid. Slugs yomwe imathamangira mphukira ndi masamba angayambitsenso mavuto aakulu. Pofuna kuteteza biringanya kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabedi ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi kuwawaza phulusa ndi dothi la pakati pa mizere. Mafadala a Colorado ndi slugs ayenera kusonkhana ndi dzanja.
Nthawi yoyamba ndi momwe mungakolole
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene buluu unayamba kuphuka, mukhoza kupeza zipatso zoyamba kucha. Mothandizidwa ndi pruner wamaluwa, amadulidwa pamodzi ndi tsinde. Zokolola ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kusanafike nyengo yozizira. Ngati chisanu chimayamba, ndipo zipatso zina sizinali kucha, mukhoza kusamalira bwino mbeu ndikuziika mu wowonjezera kutentha. Sungani ma eggplants okoma kwa mwezi umodzi pamalo ozizira.
Kukula eggplants - osati ntchito yophweka koma ngati mukutsatira malonda onse a zaulimi, ndiye kuti kubzala buluu sikungakupweteketseni ndipo kukukondweretsani ndi zokolola zabwino.
