Pepper - imodzi mwa masamba oyamba masamba omwe wamaluwa omwe adabzalidwa mbande. Izi zimakhala chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali ya zomera komanso nthawi yakucha ya zipatso za zomera zakumwera.
Funso lina lomwe limakhudza anthu omwe ali m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndiloti zilowerere nyembazo asanabzalidwe kapena kuzifesa nthawi yomweyo pansi. Kuchokera kokonzekera musanayambe kumera kumadalira zotsatira zotsiriza - zokolola.
Kodi nyemba za tsabola ziyenera kuthiridwa musanabzala, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani akuchita izo?
Lembani - ndondomeko yokhayo ndiyotheka, mbewu idzamera popanda izo, ndipo ikhoza kupereka bwino kwambiri kukolola. Izi zimathandiza othandizira kubzala popanda kukonzekera kunena kuti akuwuluka ndi vuto linalake.
Kukhala ndi nyengo yozizira kumatheka kufesa tsabola nthawi yomweyo kumalo otseguka, komabe kudzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti izitsuka. Anthu okhala m'madera otentha amawunika tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ngati ali ndi mwayi wowonjezerera ndondomeko ndi kupeza nthawi asanafike kumapeto, amachigwiritsa ntchito mwamsanga, chifukwa tsabola wakucha pachitchichi ndi wathanzi komanso wochuluka kuposa momwe unachitikira. Muzikhala zochepa, nyemba za tsabola ziyenera kuyamwa, popanda njirayi, chipatsocho sichidzakhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse chisanayambe chisanu. 
Komabe, anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe - okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nawonso, sangasokoneze vutoli: choyamba, zokolola zimakula kwambiri, ndipo kachiwiri, zimakhala zosangalatsa pamene tsabola yayamba kutsogolo. Izi zimakhudza mitundu yokoma ndi yokometsera.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za kulima tsabola wokoma.
Ubwino woweta mbeu musanadzalemo:
- zimakupatsani inu kuti mupambane masiku 7-10, monga mphukira kuchokera kumayendedwe a mankhwala omwe amawonekera pa tsiku la 5-7, pamene omwe afesedwa amatha masabata awiri;
- zimathandiza kuti asankhe zomera zamphamvu kwambiri, kuwapatsa chitetezo chokwanira, kuteteza kwambiri matenda ndi tizilombo toononga komanso kupereka zinthu zabwino pachiyambi.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti muzithira nyemba za tsabola musanabzala, pamene simukudalira mtundu wa mbeu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti muwone zomwe mukuchita nazo nthawi yomweyo, komanso kuti musakhale ndi zovuta.
Gawo lalikulu la kukonzekera mbewu za tsabola
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu kumayambira pa malo opeza. Muyenera kulingalira mosamala wopanga ndi kufufuza mosamala zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi, posankha maonekedwe omwe mukufunikira. Wodzilemekeza wodzipangitsa amasonyeza mmene adachiritsidwa. Kutengedwera ndi wopanga ndi mbewu zophimba sayenera kukhala ndi zotsatira zina zowonjezera, zikhoza kufesedwa pansi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, ngakhale atadzakwera masabata angapo pambuyo pake, koma kenako adzalandira "achibale" awo, ndiyeno adzawapeza, pomwe adzalandira zochepa pozilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda.
Mukudziwa? Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1600, tsabolayo inabwera ku Russia, kapena kani - kumadera a dera lamakono la Astrakhan. Malingana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, dzikoli ndi Turkey ndi Iran.
Ndi bwino kusankha zinthu za opanga awo omwe kutsatiridwa ndi GOST kumasonyezedwa pamapangidwe - ndi odalirika kwambiri.
Phukusilo lisakhale yowonongeka. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chaka chogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo komanso nthawi yomaliza yofesa - mfundoyi iyenera kukhalapo ndithu.
Mbewu ya tsabola, yomwe idabzalidwa chaka chachiwiri mutatha kukolola, imataya kumera ndikupereka kwa theka. 
Ngati mukufuna kukula zokolola, werenganinso ngati kuli kofunika kufesa tsabola pa mbande.
Kulimbitsa
Kuyeza ndi kuyesa mbeu kuti amere. Pamene akulowa mu saline yankho, zitsanzo zopanda kanthu zimayandama, ndipo omwe amatha kumera amamira pansi.
Mukudziwa? Pali mndandanda umodzi: Zida zochokera kwa opanga makina akuluakulu nthawi zambiri zouma, kotero kuthira mu mchere wa mbeu zotere kumasonyeza kuti onse ndi osayenera, koma izi si zoona.
Musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito njira yothetsera vutoli, m'pofunika kuyang'ana zomwe zili pamapepala, ndipo mwamsanga musakane zitsanzo zomwe zimawoneka zosayenera, komanso zazing'ono kapena zazikulu. Pambuyo pake, mu kapu yamadzi muyenera kupasuka supuni ya mchere (kapena madzi okwanira - 40 g mchere) ndi kuchepetsa mbewu kumeneko kwa maola 3-4. Ena wamaluwa amatha mphindi zingapo. Mbeu zowonongeka ziyenera kutayidwa, ndipo mbewu zowonongeka ziyenera kuuma kuti zithe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Ngati munagula thumba lokhala ndi mbewu khumi za tsabola zosawerengeka, mwina simukuziyimira - kumera ndikuwonetsa momveka bwino. Koma mwachindunji munakolola mbewu, zomwe zimapezeka kwa inu mwa ndalama zabwino, ziyenera kufufuzidwa mofananamo kuti zithetseratu ballast yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. 
Kujambula
Kuwongolera, kapena kuteteza thupi lopanda matenda, kumapangidwa pofuna kusunga zopangira zokonzeka zomwe zingathe kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zingawononge chomera chamtsogolo. Pakatikati pake, izi ndi disinfection.
Ndikofunikira! Kubvomerezeka kwa kuvala ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira pakukonzekera kufesa, zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake.
Kukonzekera koteroko ndikofunika kwambiri, osadalirika kwambiri gwero la zipangizo. Zomwe zili mu kampani yaikulu yomwe ili ndi mbiri sizingatheke kuvala, makamaka ngati phukusi lili ndi mfundo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kale. Koma mwachindunji anasonkhanitsa, amalandira kuchokera kwa anzanu ndikusinthanitsa, ndipo makamaka mbeu zomwe zagulidwa pamsika ziyenera kukhazikika.
Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana: potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate), hydrogen peroxide, viniga, boric acid ndi ngakhale formalin; Palinso mapulani apadera omwe angagulidwe mu sitolo. Njira iliyonseyi ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zonse, ndipo wolima minda amasankha omwe angapereke. 
Ngakhale kuti potaziyamu permanganate sizowoneka mosavuta pa malonda, njira iyi imakhala yotchuka kwambiri: ili ndi moyo wosapulumuka wa alumali, ndipo idagula zaka zambiri zapitazo kapena pa nthawi ya chiphuphu chimatenga nthawi yaitali kwambiri.
Njira zina za kavalidwe ka mbewu:
- Potaziyamu permanganate Mu mdima wofiira 1% yothetsera, mbewu zimayambidwa m'madzi otentha kwa maola awiri ndi awiri, zomwe zimatha kuikidwa mu thumba la gauze ndipo zatsala kwa mphindi 15, kenako zimatsuka bwinobwino pansi pa madzi ndipo zimamera nthawi yomweyo papepala kuti uume.
Ndikofunikira! Mbewu imatha kutenga mankhwala oyaka ngati sakuyikidwa musanayambe kutsukidwa ndikusambitsidwa.
- Hyrojeni peroxide. Njira yothetsera disinfection imafuna 2-3%, pamene iyenera kuti imakhala yotentha mpaka 38-40 ° C. Sungani nyemba zosapitirira mphindi 7, tsutsani bwino.
- Boric acid. Mankhwalawa amachepetsedwa pamtingo wa hafu ya supuni ya tiyi ya asidi mu kapu yamadzi. Yankho la kutentha ndi 25-30 ° C, nthawi yopangira ndi maola 2-3.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamapereka mbeu ndi asidi iliyonse, kumbukirani kuti ngati pali pangŠ¢ono kakang'ono mu mbeu, asidi amachititsa kwa iye kuvulaza
- Phytosporin. Ndi malonda ogulitsa okhala ndi mabakiteriya achilengedwe ndi kumenyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amadzipukutira pa mlingo wa madontho 4 kuchokera mu diso la madzi pa galasi la madzi.
Zida zopangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa tsiku, ndizofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo mubzalitse kapena kuyamba kumera.
Kusungunuka ndi ma microelements ndi kukula zopatsa
Kupanga mankhwala ndi micronutrients ndi oyendetsa kukula ndizofunikira kuti phindu likhale ndi ubwino wa mbande ndi kumera, kuonjezera kukana ku zotsatira zovulaza ndi kukana kutentha kwamasinthasintha, komanso kuonjezera zokolola.
Kuonjezera mbeu pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa, madzi a alo, komanso kugula mankhwala "Epin", "Zircon", "Ivin" ndi ena. 
- Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha atachotsedwa ku disinfection, koma palibe.
- Sungunulani zinthu zomwe zili m'madzi otentha 40-45 ° C, ndipo mbeu iyenera kuyikidwa mu njira yothetsera kuti zikhale zotentha.
- N'zotheka kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi otsogolera okhwima kamodzi kokha komanso kukonzekera kokha.
- Ndikofunika kusunga malamulo okonzekera yankho komanso nthawi ya kukalamba, kuti musayambe kuvulaza.
Mitundu yambiri ya njira zothandizira kuti mbewu zikhale ndi ma microelements:
- Wood phulusa. Lili ndi zinthu zokwana 30 zimene zingathandize zomera. Ndikofunika kukolola phulusa mu kugwa, mosamala kuyeretsa ndikupangire muwuma wouma bwino. Mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha sungunulani supuni 2 ya phulusa ndipo, oyambitsa, amaumirira tsiku. Panthawiyi, ndibwino kuyambitsa yankho lina 2-3 nthawi. Nkhumba zomwe zimayikidwa mu thumba la gauze zimalowetsedwa muzothetsera ndikusungira maola atatu.
- Madzi a alosi Kusintha zinthu ndi izi, sizingowonjezereka, kumera kumera ndi kulimbikitsa mbande, komanso kumakola. Choncho, njirayi imaphatikizaponso kutaya thupi. Chitsamba cha alowe, chomwe chili ndi zaka zoposa zitatu, chiyenera kudula masamba angapo apansi, ndikuchikulunga pamapepala, kuchiyika m'firiji kwa mlungu umodzi. Kenaka masamba amafunika kuwaza, kuchotsa juzi kuchokera mwa iwo ndikuwongolera mofanana ndi madzi kutentha, kuika mbewu m'matumba. Sustain amadalira maola 6 mpaka 18.
- Kugula malonda. Kugwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kutsata malangizowo a malangizo.
Ndikofunikira! Samalani: madzi a alowe ndi owawa kwambiri, pambali pake amasiya madontho, choncho ndibwino kuti aphimbe malo ogwira ntchito ndi cellophane pamene akuwongolera.
Lembani
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nyemba za tsabola kuti mupereke tizilombo zabwino kwambiri m'tsogolomu ya kukula komanso kugwira ntchito mwakhama? Poonjezera mwayi woukira, ayenera kukhuta ndi chinyontho, kutupa.
Nkhumba zoyamba kuchitidwa zimayikidwa pa gawo lapansi ndipo zimadzaza madzi kotero kuti zimaziphimba. Sungani tsabola wofiira ayenera kukhala masiku awiri pamalo otentha, panthawi ino ayenera kukhala 2-3 nthawi kusintha madzi. Pambuyo kutupa - kumera kapena kubzala. 
Ndikofunikira! Mu madzi otentha, madzi osungunuka amatha msanga, kotero muyenera kufufuza mosamala kuti msinkhu wake sutsika, koma simungathe kutsanulira madzi ambiri, kuti mbeu zisadwale. Mukhoza kuphimba chidebe ndi filimuyo kuti muteteze nthunzi.
Ambiri amaluwa amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nyemba za tsabola ndipo nthawi yomweyo amera. Pochita izi, ikani nyembazo mu envelopu, yopangidwa ndi chikwama cha chilengedwe chodetsedwa, chosakanizidwa ndi madzi ndikuyikidwa mu mtundu wina wa chidebe. Madzi ochulukirapo mumtsinje amathiridwa kapena kutsukidwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi filimu, kuika pamalo otentha.
Madzi pazifukwazi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kapena otentha. Ngati mulibe mwayi wopita ku kasupe, chisanu sichigwa, ndipo zonse zomwe muli nazo ndi madzi a pompopu, muyenera kuyisandutsa madzi osungunuka. Kuti tichite izi, madzi osungika amaikidwa mufiriji kwa maola angapo, pakati, omwe sakhala oundana, amatsanuliridwa, ndipo mazira omwe amapangidwa pamakoma amaloledwa kusungunuka. Pambuyo pake, madzi amathiridwa mosamala, kusiya madziwo mumtsinje. Kuphatikiza madzi osungunuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumera.
Mu thanki, kumene mavulopu ophimbidwa ndi nsalu alipo, sipangakhale madzi ochulukirapo, koma ngati chotengeracho ndi chachikulu, mukhoza kuika "tangi" ngati mawonekedwe a mphira wofiira kapena mapulogalamu angapo a thonje. 
Palibe yankho lolondola la momwe nyemba za tsabola ziyenera kukhazikika asanadzalemo. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa filimuyo, kuwaza ma envulopu ndi kusungunuka madzi ndikuyang'ana ngati ayamba kugwira ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti muyambe kumera, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kutentha, ziyenera kukhala pafupi 25-30 ° C Ngati uli wotsika, kumera kumachedwa, ndipo kutentha kumunsi kwa 18 °C mbewu zidzavunda.
Pambuyo podikira kupopera, mbewu iliyonse yamoyo imayikidwa mu bokosi la mzere ndi zofiira. Tsiku lotsatira, kukonzanso kwina kukuchitika, zamoyo zimasankhidwa ndi kutsika. Mbeu sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito - zidzasokoneza.
Kuphulika
Chilengedwe chakhala ndi mimba kotero kuti mbewu sichikhala ndi zisonkhezero zakunja ndipo sizikuwonongeka kwa nthawi yaitali. Izi zimachokera ku chingwe chotetezera chomwe chili pamwamba pawo. Koma zofananazo zimaletsa mofulumira kumera. 
Imodzi mwa matekinoloje omwe amachepetsa nthawi ya zikamera - kuphulika. Izi zimakhala ndi mpweya wa oksijeni pa mbewu za mtundu winawake pa nthawi yake. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumakulolani kuti muzuke sabata kale.
Kuti muzitsatira ndondomeko ya pakhomo, muyenera kukhala ndi thanki lokhala ndi lita imodzi komanso compressor ya aquarium.
Nkhokweyi imadzazidwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa 20 ° C, pang'ono kuposa theka, compressor ndi mbewu amaikidwa pamenepo, osati kuposa madzi.
Compressor imatembenuka, nkhaniyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhumba za tsabola zidzafunikanso lero.
Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, nyembazo zouma kuti zisawonongeke, ndipo ngati sizingatheke kuti zibzalidwe mwamsanga, zimatha kuuma, kuziyika papepala limodzi mu chipinda chozizira mpweya kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. 
Mbewu imatha kufalitsa masamba omwewa: eggplants, zukini, kabichi, mbatata, chimanga, kaloti, nkhaka, radishes, tomato, maungu, squash, beets, anyezi, nandolo, mavwende, mavwende, parsnips, udzu winawake ndi sipinachi.
Zovuta kubzala zakuthupi
Ndizomveka kuumitsa mbeu, ngati pali cholinga chodzafesa mkati mwa filimuyi sabata isanakwane. Ngati kutsekedwa kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbewu mu mbande, ndiye mbewu iyenera kuumitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Pali njira yovuta, imene mbewu, atakulungidwa mu thumba, imayikidwa masiku atatu muchisanu cha chisanu, koma izi n'zotheka kokha ngati kutentha kunja kuli pafupi madigiri a zero.
Mbeu zovuta komanso zamtunduwu zimachotsedwa. Amathira madzi asanatuluke m'madzi ofunda, osakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena madzi amchere ndipo amasunga masiku atatu kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi samasunthika kwathunthu ndipo zinthu siziuma. Pambuyo pake, amaikidwa mu friji kapena amachotsedwa mumsewu ndikusungira masiku ena atatu kutentha pafupifupi zero.
Nkhumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zovuta ziyenera kuphikidwa kwa mphindi 2-3, mchenga wa mtsinje uyenera kuwerengedwera mu uvuni.
Kukonzekera mosamala mbewu kumaperekedwa mokwanira chifukwa cha mphamvu zoyamba komanso zowonongeka zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zotsatira zolakwika, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, ndiko kukolola kwakukulu kumene kumapezeka nthawi yochepa kwambiri.
