Kuweta nkhumba nthawi zonse kumatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nthambi zodula kwambiri za ulimi. Kumanga nyumba za nkhumba, kutentha, kuyatsa ndi kukonza ndiza mtengo wapatali, ndipo ngati tiwonjezerapo ndondomeko ya kukonzekera chakudya, n'zosadabwitsa kuti ambiri omwe ali ndi minda yaing'ono nthawi yomweyo amakana kubereka nyamazi.
Komabe, n'zosatheka kusazindikira kuti njira zamakono zamakono zowonjezera nkhumba zikukula bwino chaka ndi chaka, ndipo kuyambika kwa njira zatsopano kungachepetseko ndalama zofunika komanso zakuthupi. Chimodzi mwazimenezi ndizogwiritsira ntchito mabedi a nkhumba, omwe ali ndi ubwino wambiri wosatsutsika. Tidzakambirananso zomwe teloyi ndiyi komanso zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira tikamapanga pigsty.
Zomwe zimasunga nkhumba m'matope ambiri
Kusunga udzu watsopano ndi teknoloji yatsopano yomwe yabwera kuchokera ku Canada, Europe ndi Asia. Nthawi zosiyana, zimatchedwa mosiyana (mwachitsanzo, "Chitukuko cha nkhumba ku Canada" kapena "kuyanika"), koma chikhalidwe chake ndi chimodzimodzi: zinyama zili pabedi la udzu ndi utuchi, komanso kuti zipangidwe zikhale bwino, zipangizo zapadera ziwonjezeredwa ku zipangizo mabakiteriya (mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) kuti tigwiritsidwe ntchito pa manyowa a nkhumba. 
Mukudziwa? Njira yowonjezereka yomwe imatchulidwanso ndi "Vodogray + yotayidwa bwino", motsogoleredwa ndi manyowa omwe simukuyenera kutsukidwa, ngakhale fungo limatha.Kugwiritsira ntchito zinyalala kumathandiza kuti phindu la nkhumba likhale lochepetseka komanso kuchepetsa zofunikira. Chifukwa cha mabakiteriya mu zinyalala za nkhumba, simungathe kuchotsa nkhumba zokhazokha, komanso zimapatsa nyama zanu kutentha bwino, popeza kutentha kwakukulu kumatulutsidwa pamene mukukonzekera mkodzo ndi manyowa (kutentha kutayira kufika mpaka 40 ° C).
Ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka ngati pigsty ilibe mkangano. Kutentha kwa pansi pamtunda kumadutsa mpaka 5-15 ° C ngakhale nyengo yoziziritsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mu chipinda chosatsekedwa ndi dongosolo labwino la mpweya wabwino mudzatha kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zonse kuti nkhumba zizikonzekera bwino. 
Kutentha kwa mabakiteriya kwa pigsty kumateteza kufala kwa tizilombo, makoswe ndi mabakiteriya. Mwachidule, ndalamazo zimawonekeratu kwa munthu wamaliseche: ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi kuyeretsa manyowa zimachepa kwambiri, ndipo palibe chifukwa chowotcha chipinda m'nyengo yozizira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pochiza nkhumba, zomwe zikhoza kuvulaza nthawi zambiri. Koma izi siziri mndandanda wa ubwino wosunga nkhumba m'matope ambiri, kotero tikambirana funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi ubwino ndi zovuta za zomwe zili zowonongeka kwambiri ndi ziti?
Kuwonjezera pa chuma chotchulidwa, Sayansi yamakono yokula nkhumba pogwiritsa ntchito zofunda zakuya ili ndi ubwino wina, monga:
- Kuphweka kwapangidwe (makamaka, sikutanthauza dongosolo lopuma mpweya);
- Kupezeka kwa ntchito zonse potsata nkhumba zambiri m'mapulasi, komanso pakubereka kwawo pakhomo pawokha;
- Kutsekemera koyambitsa kupanga: pigsty yasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosaoneka bwino zopangidwa bwino, kuzipanga mawonekedwe a arched ndi kuziphimba izo ndi awning;
- Kulemera kwa nkhumba, zomwe ziri mu teknoloji iyi, ndi 70-85 g / tsiku, ndipo gawo la nyama likuwonjezeka ndi 3%;
- kuthekera kosavuta kowonongeka kwa chakudya chodyera chodyera basi (mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kukhazikitsa chipangizo kudyetsa kamodzi pa sabata, monga momwe chakudya chokula chikukula kufika 300 g / 1 kg phindu);
- palibe chofunikira cha kuyeretsa mpweya kuchokera ku nthunzi za ammonia zomwe zikuwoneka pamodzi ndi manyowa ndi mkodzo (mabakiteriya omwe ali mu malita okhawo amachita ntchito yabwino ndi ntchitoyi);
- Kutentha kwa dziko lonse ndikukhazikika: zimasinthidwa zaka zisanu zilizonse, pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki wakale monga feteleza (fetereza fetereza).
- msinkhu wa ukhondo mu nkhumba: mphepo nthawi zonse imakhala yatsopano, ndipo nkhumba sizikhala zonyansa ndi manyowa.
Zokhudzana ndi zofooka za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazitali zakuya, ndipo pali minuses mu teknoloji iliyonse, pali ochepa mwa iwo. Choyamba, zinyalala ziyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo njirayi idzatenga nthawi yochuluka, ndipo kachiwiri, mtengo wa mabakiteriya sungagulidwe ndi ambiri, zomwe zimakhala chifukwa chachikulu chopezera njira zina zogwirira nkhumba.Mukudziwa? Nthawi zambiri moyo wa nkhumba ndi zaka 15.
Momwe mungakonzekeretse chipinda cha nkhumba
Ziribe kanthu momwe zipangizo zamakono zogwirira nkhumba zimakhalira, zonse zimayambira ndi nyumba za nkhumba - nkhumba. Mu chipinda chino chomwe chimapangidwira mthupi ndi kupanga zinyama: kukonzekera kukwatira komanso kukonzekera komwe kumabzala ndi nkhumba, kukonzekera ndi kubadwa kwa nkhumba, kudyetsa zinyama zonse, kunenepa kwa nyama zinyama, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, Musanayambe kumanga nyumba yanu ya pigsty, muyenera:
- Phunzirani mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yomwe mungathe kupanga nkhumba, malingana ndi ziweto zomwe mukufuna;
- sankhani malo abwino ogwirira ntchito;
- kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yomanga;
- perekani zogwirizana ndi chipangizo cha chipinda choterocho kunyumba.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhumba zimakhala zowonongeka ndi damps, kusintha kwa kutentha ndi zojambula, kotero malo aliwonse omwe amasungirako ayenera kukhala ofunda, owala komanso odzaza. Zotsatira zoterezi zikhoza kuperekedwa kokha pokhapokha pothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zowonjezereka, makoma osasunthika, denga lamtambo (malo otentha otentha ndi ofunikira), mpweya wabwino ndi malo abwino omwe amapereka madzi abwino.
Wood imaonedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri yomanga nkhumba, chifukwa ndi nyumba yamatabwa yomwe imatha kupereka kutentha, kowuma komanso malo oyenera. Komabe, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zogwirira nkhumba pamabedi ozama, simukufunikira kumanga nyumba iliyonse. Zidzakhala zokwanira kukhala ndi chipinda chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chophimbidwa ndi chitsulo chamatabwa (tarpaulin).
Zomangamanga zoterezi ndizoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa zimatha kuikidwa pa dothi lililonse ndipo zimasokonezeka mosavuta popanda kukhudzidwa kwa akatswiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumbayi ingathe kuwonjezeredwa mosavuta ndi chiwerengero chofunikira cha zigawo, zomwe zimakulolani kukulitsa gawolo malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mitu. Komabe, pakadali pano, gawo lalikulu limasewera ndi mpweya wabwino wa nkhumba komanso nthaka (nthaka ya konkire imatsutsana).
Ndiponso Musaiwale za kuthekera kwa madzi ozizira m'mabotolo, omwe ayenera kuyendetsedwa. Ndi bwino kuti oledzerawa athandizidwe, ndipo odyetsa amapanga mawonekedwe a bunkers, omwe nkhumba zitha kukhala nazo nthawi zonse. 
Pa ntchito ya zinyalala, udzu woumba, utuchi, matabwa a nkhuni ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi ndi zangwiro. Poyamba, zinyalalazo zimayikidwa pazitali za mamita 0,2, ndipo pamene zimayambitsidwa, mfundo zatsopano zimapangidwanso pang'onopang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito lusoli, choyamba, muyenera kusapatsanso mwayi wokhala ndi ngongole, mwinamwake nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimadwala.Pambuyo pa nthawi ya mafuta ndi kutumiza nkhumba ku chomera cha nyama, malowa amatsukidwa, amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso amatulutsa zinyalala zatsopano, kukonzekera malo atsopano.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyama ya nkhumba zakula, zimakhala ndi zokoma kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri bizinesi yodalirika.
Njira zogwirira nkhumba m'matope ambiri
Pali njira zazikulu ziwiri zogwiritsira nkhumba ku zinyalala zakuya: kuyendayenda kwaufulu ndi kuyenda mfulu, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kupeza zotsatira zogwira mtima kungatheke pokhapokha pothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoyamba, chifukwa, pokhala pamalo osatseka, nkhumba zimakula kwambiri ndipo sizilemera. Tiyeni tiwone njira iliyonse mwachindunji. 
Njira yakuyenda
Njira yochepetsera nkhumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka kusiyana ndi kusamalidwa kwa nyama, kuphatikizapo pogona. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko cha ziweto, koma pazifukwa izi nkofunikira kupanga ziweto zofanana pakati pa nkhumba. Apo ayi, pali mwayi waukulu kwambiri wa kuwonongeka kwa achinyamata omwe ali akuluakulu.
Chifukwa cha zinyama zoyenda kupita kuchipinda komwe zimakhala nthawi yochuluka, amamanga zolembera zowonekera kapena malo apadera. Kuyenda kumayendetsedwa mosamala malinga ndi boma, kapena nthawi iliyonse yabwino, popanda kulepheretsa njirayi. 
Pa minda ikuluikulu, kumene mabakiteriya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhumba zamatenda, ndi nyama zomwe zimakula mwamasamba, chakudya chawo chimakhala chosinthika komanso chimangidwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ziweto zisamalire bwino makamaka makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kophatikiza.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti nkhumba zitha kupeza madzi, kulikonse komwe zili.Malo odyetserako ziweto ndi othandizira m'chilimwe, ngakhale zili choncho:
- zimapereka zotetezeka kuntchito;
- Sichimafuna ndalama zazikulu zogulira zipangizo (nyumba zamatabwa zazitali ndi zotchipa);
- amalola kanthawi kochepa (kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka asanu) kuti apeze zovuta za nkhumba zonse;
- adzilipira yekha mu zaka 1-1.5;
- amapereka phindu tsiku lililonse la 750-850 magalamu;
- sichifuna ndalama zazikulu zogwirira ntchito ndi zakuthandizira kuunikira ndi kutentha;
- Lolani nkhumba kuti zikhale bwino.
Zosangalatsa
Njira yopanda nkhumba siikongola kwa iwo ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, minda yambiri ya nkhumba, yokonzedweratu ya zinyama zambiri, amagwiritsanso ntchito kusungirako. Nkhumba zotenthedwa ndi udzu kapena utuchi zikhoza kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yoyikira nyama, popanda kukhala kunja. 
Choncho, kuti tikhalebe ndi ubwino wokhala ndi chiberekero komanso chitukuko chabwino cha anthu omwe ali m'chipindamo, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti microclimate ndi yoyenera. Kuchuluka kwa chinyontho mumlengalenga kudzapangitsa kuoneka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana mu nkhumba, komanso kuonjezera kuthekera kwa chimfine ku zinyama.
Musaiwale za msasa wa msipu, chifukwa, ngakhale kuti iyi ndiyo njira yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, m'chilimwe imathandiza kupeza nyama yambiri popanda ndalama zambiri. Mu nkhumba zosiyanazi zili ndi njira zitatu:
- malo odyetserako ziweto (m'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimakhala kumadera otseguka, komanso chilimwe - kumalo odyetserako ziweto);
- malo odyetserako ziweto (nkhumba zimakhala m'misasa yachisawawa ndipo udzu umadyedwa m'malo amodzi, zovuta zimapita kumalo ena);
- msasa bezvigulnym (zinyama zimakhala m'misasa ya chilimwe, koma zimabweretsa chakudya kuchokera m'minda).
Mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa manyowa kukhala zinyalala: ubwino ndi chiwonongeko
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zidole zakumba nkhumba, mutha kukumana ndi tanthawuzo lotere monga "bakiteriya". Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti "Netto Plast" ndi dzina la makampani omwe amapanga zamoyo zomwe zimatha kupanga manyowa. Komabe, m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti pakali pano muli malo apamwamba m'munda uno, ndipo mudzatsimikiza izi mukamagula mabakiteriya amenewa. 
Kuyala pansi kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ang'onoang'ono kapena mchenga, ndipo ndondomeko ya nayonso imakhala yakuya mkati mwa zida za zinyalala. Maziko a pulasitala omwe amaperekedwa kuti azisunga bwino nkhumba amakhala ndi mabakiteriya a photosynthetic ndi lactic acid omwe ali otetezeka kwa nyama ndi anthu. Ndiwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mofulumira ndi kudula nkhumbazo.
Musanasankhe kubereka nkhumba, muyenera kusankha mtundu womwe mungasankhe. Dzidziwitse nokha ndi maonekedwe a nkhumba zokolola za Duroc, Mirgorodskaya, lamba wofiira, Vietnamese vislobryukhaya.
Padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe mabakiteriya amachita kuti azigona kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mikhalidwe ya nkhumba ndi zinyama zina, zimatha kufanizidwa ndi ntchito zowonjezera. Mlimi amangofunika kuphimba chophimba chophimba, ndipo nthawi zonse amapeza chipinda choyera.
Chifukwa cha nthawi zonse zomwe zimakhudza zowonongeka, kutentha kumapangidwanso, komwe, monga momwe tanenera, kudzathandiza kupeĊµa kugwiritsa ntchito kutenthetsa chipinda. 
Pakalipano, pali mankhwala angapo omwe amawonjezeredwa pamabedi a nkhumba (kawirikawiri amakhala ndi chisakanizo cha udzu, utuchi). Pa nthawi yoyamba, mutangotenga zinthu pansi, mabakiteriya ambiri amawonjezeredwa, ndipo pangakhale mlingo wokonzanso wa zamoyo zowonjezera.
Ndikofunikira! Kutulutsidwa kwa kutentha, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyera kwa chirengedwe, kumapangitsa kukhala ndi chilakolako chochepa cha zinyama, ngakhale kuti zimakula mofulumira, pamene zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino.Omwe amawombola nkhumba akulangizidwa kuti agulire okonzedwa mozama okonzera nkhumba, popeza ntchito yake ili ndi zosawerengeka ubwino:
- pogwiritsira ntchito moyenera umodzi wa zinthu ndi makulidwe abwino ayenera kukhala okwanira kwa zaka 4-5;
- mumasunga nthawi ndi khama zomwe mungathe kuziyeretsa mu pigsty;
- Kugawaniza zinyalala zonse za nkhumba zomwe zimagwera pa zinyalala zimachitika tsiku limodzi;
- mtengo wa malo otenthetsera malo amachepetsedwa kwambiri kapena palibe;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya sikudzakupulumutsani ku zosautsa zokha, koma kumachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha malo odetsedwa;
- ziĊµerengero ndi kufa kwa ziweto zachepetsedwa, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti tinganene motsimikiza kuti mabala ndi mabakiteriya ndi njira yabwino yothetsera matendawa, kuphatikizapo matenda a tizilombo;
- Kugwiritsira ntchito pansi ndi chinthu chenicheni chokwanira, chitsimikizo chothetsa thanzi la zinyama;
- kuchuluka kwake kwa mankhwala ammonia ku chilengedwe kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kuthekera kwa kuipitsa madzi pansi pa manyowa kumapezedwanso;
- Nguruwe sizimasula pansi, monga momwe amachitira ndi zovala zowonongeka kusanayambike kozizira;
- ndi zowonjezera, kuyambitsa chakudya sikusiyana ndi mwambo wina, kupatula kuti m'miyezi yozizira ziweto zimafunikira kwambiri retina.
- Chabwino, potsiriza, njira zamakono zowonongeka zimakhala zabwino kwa minda ikuluikulu ya ziweto ndi minda yaing'ono ya nkhumba.
