Tsabola wofiira Ratunda wakhala kale chakudya chamtundu uliwonse pa zakudya zathu, nthawi zina amadabwa chifukwa chake tsabola iyi ndi Chibulgaria, osati a pakhomo Ratunda. Komabe, zokambiranazo zimagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola wa Chibulgaria ndi chipatso, chomwe chiri chofanana ndi mtundu wa masamba, koma zimasiyana mofanana.
Pepper Ratunda
Mtundu wonyezimira ndi kufanana kwapakati ndi dzungu - izi ndizo zizindikiro zazikulu za masamba a Ratunda. Kulawa, iwo adasandutsa masamba kukhala chophimba chapakhomo pazipangizo zosiyanasiyana za amayi ndi amayi ophika. Kukoma sikutsekemera, ngakhale kuti kumafanana ndi uchi, pamene Ratunda ndi yowuma kuposa tsabola wamba wa Chibulgaria ndipo yachiwiri ndi ya tsabola.
Onaninso za mitundu ina ya tsabola: "Bogatyr", "Gypsy F1" (zosiyanazi zimatha kukula ponseponse mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kumunda).
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu ya tsabola ya Ratunda ili ndi mbali ina - yokhoza kusinthasintha kuyanjana ndi tsabola wowawa, pamene wosakanizidwa wakuthwa amapangidwa chifukwa cha pollination.
Mavuto akukula
Tsabola ya Ratunda imakhala ndi zochitika zapadera, choncho muyenera kumvetsetsa ndi Malangizo asanayambe kukwera:
- Kuti asalepheretse kutuluka kwa mpweya, dothi liyenera kukhala loamy;
- Malo omwe kabichi kapena nkhaka yakula idzakhalanso ndi mwayi wopeza tsabola;
- M'mibadwo ya chibadwidwe, zomera zimabzalidwa ndi mbande ali ndi miyezi iwiri;
- Kuti mupeze mbande, mbewu zimatenthedwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate ndipo zimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera;
- Mitundu yomwe masamba ali ndikuthamanga;
- Kupaka kwapamwamba kwa mtengo wa tsabola - feteleza mchere. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyengo yokula.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti kuthirira masamba ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse. Madzi otentha pamene dzuŵa likutsika.
Kufesa sayansi
Ratunda ndi chaka chomera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa nyengo yonse yokula, chomeracho chikudutsa muzinthu zonse zopititsa patsogolo: kuchokera kufesa mpaka kucha. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhalapo: mbewu kumera, mapangidwe a masamba, mapangidwe a mphukira, maluwa, chidziwitso ndi chilengedwe.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, zomera zimakula pang'onopang'ono: gawo pamwamba pa nthaka limakula mofulumira kuposa mzu wa tsabola. Masamba oyambirira amaonekera patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri, ndipo masamba - miyezi iwiri itatha.
Mbewu yokonzekera kubzala
Kupambana kwa kukula kwa tsabola wa Ratunda kumapangitsa mbande zabwino. Ambiri tsabola amakulira pa windowsills kapena m'minda yaing'ono. Pakuti luso lidzafuna: dothi losakaniza, lomwe liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso lokhala ndibwino.
Mukhozanso kukula pawindo: tomato, nkhaka, katsabola, anyezi wobiriwira, arugula, sipinachi, letesi, letesi la madzi oundana.
Kukonzekera chisakanizo cha humus, dziko ndi mchenga wonyezimira ndi kuchuluka kwa 3: 3: 1. Galasi la phulusa la nkhuni limaphatikizidwa ku chidebe chimodzi cha chisakanizo. Mbewu imagwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano kuchokera kukolola kwa chaka chatha. Amapatsidwa mankhwala okwanira 20 peresenti peresenti imodzi ya potassium permanganate pa kutentha kwa 20 ° C-22 ° C, kenako amatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera ndi ouma kuti asungunuke.
Cholinga chokonzekera
Kwa mbande, nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, imwani bwino zinthu ndi kupitilira madzi. Njira yabwino ndi chisakanizo cha humus, mchenga ndi kuzungulira.
Mbewu zafesedwa kumapeto kwa February ndipo zimamera pa kutentha kwa + 25 ° С, osati m'munsi! Mbande kawirikawiri imawonekera masabata awiri mutabzala, ndipo pamene mphukira imawonekera kwambiri, imasamutsira pamalo ozizira, pamalo omwe kutentha kuli madigiri 17 ° C-18 ° C.
Ndondomeko yofesa
Mbewu imabzalidwa mabokosi, kusunga kutentha kwa nthaka + 25 ° C. Kuti mbeu zisatambasulidwe, zimachepetsa kutentha kwa mbande zitatha kumera. Mbewu iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda kwambiri pamene nthaka ikuuma. Dyetsani nyembazo maulendo awiri ndi feteleza zovuta kuzimitsira madzi.
Mukudziwa? Zakafukufuku zakale zimasonyeza kuti masamba ndi ena mwa akale kwambiri padziko lapansi: mbiri ndi zaka 9,000. Kuwonjezera apo, asayansi apeza kuti mtundu wa masamba umalepheretsa kuyamba kwa khansa mu fodya.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande ya tsamba ya Ratunda
Mfundo zofunikira zomwe zimasamalidwa ndi tsabola wa Ratunda ndi kuthirira nthawi yake, yoyenera galasi, kupalira ndi kuvala. Kutsegula kwa zomera ayenera kuchitidwa mosamala, chifukwa masamba padziko dongosolo la mizu. Alimi omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amakhulupirira kuti pa zokolola zapamwamba, muyenera kuchotsa maluwa apakati pa chomera.
Pakufika kumalo obiriwira garter mapegi, kuti pambuyo poti zomera sizivulazidwa. Mbewu yamtsogolo imapangidwa mu mapesi atatu, ndipo masamba apansi akuchotsedwa. Zokonza mungu zimakopeka kuti zikhale zokolola, choncho masamba amathiridwa ndi shuga ndi acid boric.
Mukudziwa? Ku Ratunda pali vitamini C, zomwe zili ngati zipatso za citrus.
Kujambula mbande pamalo otseguka ndi kulima
Nthawi yabwino yosankha imatengedwa ngati gawo la maonekedwe a masamba oyambirira. Sankhani mosamala, pamene mizu yaing'ono imavulala mosavuta. Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa mizu, mbeu zimabzalidwa m'magawo osiyana siyana.
Akufika poyera
Mbeu zimabzalidwa pamtunda nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa May - chiyambi cha nyengo ya chilimwe, pamene palibe mantha a mvula yamasika. Malingana ndi chiwembu, kubzala ndi masentimita 60 ndi 30, ndi mitundu yayitali - 70 ndi 30 cm. Wosakanizidwa amatsutsana ndi matenda, zovuta kwambiri (kutentha), ndi tizirombo.
Kusamalira dothi
Nthaka yakukula tsabola ya Ratunda imakonzedwa chaka, ndikupereka ku 1 mita imodzi pansi pake: mpaka makilogalamu 10 a feteleza organic, m'dzinja 60 magalamu a phosphate fetereza kwa kukumba.
M'chaka, 40 magalamu a ammonium nitrate akuwonjezeka kwa chapamwamba pamwamba pa nthaka. Masamba samalola potaziyamu kloride. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumathandizira kuthetsa mazira ndi maluwa. Ngati phosphorus sikokwanira, mwanayo amachepetsa kukula kwake, kukula msanga, ndipo mbali yovuta imawoneka mu zamkati.
Kuthirira ndi kuvala mitundu
Ratunda imathiriridwa ndi madzi otentha mkangano mu nyengo ya nyengo. Choncho mbande imakula mofulumira komanso bwino. Pa kukula nyengo masamba amathirira nthawi zonse. Ngati mumamwa madzi ozizira m'nyengo yotentha, zomerazo zidzafota.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ulimi wothirira. Mukhoza kuthirira motere mothandizidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki.
Njira yabwino yothirira ulimi, panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi mchere wothirira feteleza. Koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mulching. Mankhwalawa amateteza kwambiri nthaka ndi chilala ndi kutentha kwambiri, komanso kusuta mowa usiku. Ndi madontho otentha, zomerazo zimakhala ndi nkhawa, koma chifukwa cha mulchentimita 8 ya mulch, madontho a digiri ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Ratunda
Ratunda ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo ali nawo ubwino wake:
- Zolembazo zili ndi ascorbic acid kwambiri;
- Tsabola si okoma kwambiri, kotero Ratunda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa saladi, mbale zowonjezera, monga zosakaniza zokwanira;
- Zomwe zili ndi vitamini C, masamba amafika pa currants ndi mandimu;
- Palinso mavitamini a P;
- Chomeracho chimakhala ndi zambiri zomwe zimatengera zinthu ndi zidulo za chiyambi.
