Calla (Callas) ndi chomera chamuyaya kuchokera kubanja la Aroid. Chimamera munthaka kapena m'madzi oyera okhala malo otentha komanso nyengo yotentha ya kumpoto kwa Nyengo. Kuthengo, imapezeka ku Siberia ndi Far East. Mitundu yodziwika imamera ku Africa. Chomera chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati dimba ndi duwa lakunyumba, komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Izi ndizosawoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zovuta, koma olima maluwa ena amati calla amakula bwino ndipo amatulutsa maluwa. Kungoyang'ana pang'ono ndi kusankha malo oyenera mbewuyo ndikwanira.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Calla ndi herbaceous osatha wokhala ndi mpweya wolimba komanso wowombera pansi. Kutalika kwake sikapitilira 10-25 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Mitundu ya Rhizome ndi tuberous imapezeka. Nthambi zopindika, zomwe zimatha kukula mpaka 60 cm, nthawi zambiri zimachoka pamizu yayikulu. Kunja, zimafanana ndi mphutsi zokwawa ndi zolembedwa zamtundu wina. Makulidwe a mizu m'litali lonse ndi 1.5-2 mm okha.
Masamba okhazikika amakula nthawi zonse pansi. Mbalezo ndi zowondera kapena zowoneka ndi mtima ndi m'mphepete mwachoko komanso mbali zolimba kapena zakumaso. Mitsempha yamagalimoto kapena yowongoka imadziwika pa masamba. Tsamba lokwanira, looneka ngati chikopa limakula kutalika kwa 6-16 cm ndi 5-14 cm. Utoto wake ndi wokhazikika, wobiriwira wakuda.
Mu Meyi-Julayi, maluwa a inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa ambiri owoneka bwino okhala ndi mainchesi osapitirira 1. Amakhala pamwamba pa peduncle, yokonzedwa mozungulira. Mtundu uliwonse wamitundu iwiri uli ndi ma stamen 6 ndi ovary ndi 3-6 carpels. Kutalika kwa inflorescence mawonekedwe a makutu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 6. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osalala a cylindrical. Kuzungulira kuli chivundikiro (pepala lophimba). Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtundu woyera woyera.
Patatha mwezi umodzi kupukutira, zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zokhwima zimacha ndi mulifupi wa 6-8 mm. Iliyonse imakhala ndi nthochi 3 mpaka 3 mm kutalika. Amakutetezani ndi khungu lofiirira lofiirira lomwe limakutetezani kuti muzigona pamadzi. Zipatso za calla ndi zakupha, simungathe kuzidya!
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa a calla
Mpaka pano, botanists adalembetsa mitundu 8 yazomera, koma atatu okha ndi omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazikhalidwe pamodzi ndi mitundu yokongoletsera.
Kalika waku Ethiopia. Chomera chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe nthawi yamaluwa chimakwera mpaka kutalika pafupifupi mita 1. Gawo lobisika limayimiriridwa ndi mizu yokwawa yosasintha popanda tuber. Masamba obiriwira amdima ali ndi utoto wofanana. Amamera pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika kapena owoneka ndi mtima. Nthambi zimasungidwa pachaka chonse ndipo sizigwa panthawi yopanda.
Calla Remann Mtundu wophatikiza kwambiri, mpaka 70 cm kutalika. Pansi panthaka pali thovu la mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Masamba a mbewu amatalika kwambiri. Amasiyana pakhungu lowoneka bwino. M'dzinja, nthawi matalala imalowa, pomwe nthaka yonse, kuphatikizapo masamba, imafa. Inflorescence imaphimba chophimba cha lilac, chofiirira kapena chofiyira. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Garnet Gloe - mbewu 55cm kutalika kwa June-September zimakondweretsedwa ndi inflorescence yayikulu ya makangaza;
- Crystal Blush - inflorescence pa mphukira mpaka mpaka masentimita 45 wamtambo wokutidwa ndi chotchinga chaching'ono, chomwe poyambirira kwa maluwa ndi choyera ngati chipale, kenako chimakhala chamtambo pang'ono m'mphepete;
- Picasso - mkati mwa bedi lopendekedwa pang'ono, mithunzi ya lilac yakuda ikupezeka, ndipo malire oyera oyera ali pamphepete;
- Odessa - calla wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira owala kwambiri kumunsi, pafupifupi inflorescence yakuda;
- Askari - chophimba chofiirira chakuda chimakhala chomata ndi chingwe chopyapyala cha kirimu.
Kalla Elliott. Chomera mpaka 5 cm wamtali chimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira. Pamaso pawo pali timiyala tating'ono tambiri tating'ono ndi madontho. Mtundu wa inflorescence umakutidwa ndi chotchinga chagolide ndi maziko. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Matsenga Achikuda - maluwa a calla a m'munda mpaka 1 m kutalika kusungunuka inflorescence mpaka 15 cm, kutalika pansi pa chophimba chagolide;
- Chidziwitso Chofiyira - tsamba lalikulu lamawangamidwe limachotsa inflorescence yofiyira yolimba.
Njira zolerera
Callas akhoza kubzala kuchokera ku mbewu kapena ndi rhizome (tuber) kugawa. Ndikosavuta kuti kumera mbewu, chifukwa kubzala mwakuthupi kumatha kutaya mphamvu. Kuti zikule bwino, njere zimachiritsidwa ndikukonzekera mahomoni kwa maora angapo (Epin, Ethamon, Zircon), kenako ndikuyika chinyontho. Mwanjira imeneyi, iwo asanatchulike mphukira, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimayenera kugawidwa m'miphika ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Kuti mbande sizivunda, kuthirira ndizosowa kwambiri, ndikumunyowetsa nthaka. Ndikofunika kuchita kuthirira kudzera poto. Zomera zili ndi kuwala kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa + 22 ° C. Patatha miyezi iwiri itamera mbande, kutola kumachitika m'miphika ingapo.
Ndikosavuta kupeza chomera chatsopano m'njira yamasamba. Mitundu yopanda ma tubers imafalitsidwa ndi magawo a rhizome. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi impso ziwiri. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi kaboni yokhazikitsidwa ndikuwuma pang'ono m'mpweya, kenako ndikabzalidwe m'nthaka yatsopano. Ma callas omwe ali ndi tuberous rhizome amafalitsidwa ndi ana. Pa thumba la amayi, zotuluka zina zimayamba pakapita nthawi. Pamwamba ali ndi impso. Ana amatha kudulidwa kapena kudulidwa ndi manja awo, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuponyedwa mumphika watsopano.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo
Ma callas okonda kutentha ndiosavuta kubzala kunyumba. Amabzala m'miphika yaying'ono. Zida zowongolera ziyenera kuthiridwa pansi. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuli ndi izi:
- pepala lamtundu (gawo 1);
- turf nthaka (2 magawo);
- decusuous humus (1 gawo);
- mchenga wamtsinje (magawo 0,5).
Ngakhale asanabzale, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere superphosphate pansi.
Miphika ya maluwa a calla imayikidwa kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo. Chomera chimafuna kuwala kowoneka bwino koma kosasunthika, kopanda dzuwa. Masana masana ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 10-12. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kukonzanso chomera kupita kumwera zenera, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito phytolamp, apo ayi sipangakhale maluwa nyengo yotsatira, ndipo mphukira idzatulutsa zambiri.
Pakatentha kapena chilimwe, duwa limamvekera bwino pa kutentha kwa + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Mukugwa, nthawi yopumira ikayamba, imasamutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira (mpaka + 12 ... + 15 ° C). Njira izi ziyenera kuonedwa mosasamala kanthu kuti mbewuyo imagwetsa masamba onse. Eni ake amabzala ma callas awo m'munda nthawi yotentha, ndipo m'dzinja amadzakumba ndikuwapititsa kumapoto.
Wokakhala ku marshland amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, koma osasunthika madzi mumphika ndi poto. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi oyeretsedwa bwino, madzi ofewa. Ndikwabwino kuthilira mu chopopera m'njira yopusa. Popeza maluwa a calla amakonda dothi lokhala ndi acidic, mandimu pang'ono amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi madzi.
Chomera chimakhala bwino ndi chinyezi chachikulu, koma sioyenera kupopera maluwa. Kuchokera madontho amadzi pamasamba ndi ma petals amawoneka malo oyipa. Kuti achulukitse chinyezi, matayala okhala ndi dongo lonyowa amayikidwa pafupi ndi mbewu. Masamba amayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera kufumbi ndi nsalu yofewa.
Kuti chomera chikule bwino, makamaka ngati alibe magetsi, kudyetsa nthawi zonse kumafunikira. Ma mineral kapena organic complex amawonjezeredwa masiku 10-14 aliwonse. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadziko lonse lapansi kapena omwe adapangidwira ma callas. Asanayambe maluwa, mankhwala a phosphorous amasankhidwa.
Panthawi yokhalitsa, pamene mbeu zobiriwira zimataya masamba, miphika imayikidwa m'malo abwino, amdima. Kutsirira kumayima kwathunthu. Tizilomboti timasiyidwa pansi kapena kuchotsedwa, kuyang'aniridwa ndikuyika mu chidebe cha mchenga wouma. Amasungidwa kutentha pang'ono + (5) + 10 ° C). Ngati nyumbayo ilibe chipinda choterocho, mashelufu am'munsi mwa firiji angachite. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Marichi, mbewu zimabwezeretsedwanso m'nthaka yatsopano, ndikuthirira ndi chisamaliro.
Kulima kwakunja
Nyengo zam'madera otentha, nthawi yotentha, mitengo yobaya itha kubzalidwe m'mundamo kuti apange malo okongola. Zomera zobzalidwa pamaluwa wamaluwa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Asanabzala, tubers amayendera, malo owonongeka amadulidwa, kuzifufuza ndikuwathandizira ndi fungicide. Zomera zikhala bwino pamalo otseguka, owala bwino kapena owoneka bwino.
Nthaka imakumbidwa kale ndi feteleza ndikuthira. Kuti mutukule kwathunthu, dothi lama acidic popanda laimu limafunika. Kupititsa asidi pansi, yankho lofooka la citric acid limatsanulidwamo. Mapulogalamu obzalidwa amafesedwa mpaka 5 cm masentimita komanso kutalika kwa 30-40 cm.
Mutabzala, malowo amathiriridwa madzi ochuluka. Nthambi zoyamba sizimapezeka mwachangu. Zitha kutenga milungu 2-4. Simungathe kukumba tuber ndikuyang'ana mbande.
Ma callas amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse kuti dothi lisakhale louma kwa nthawi yayitali, koma madzi osasunthira m'nthaka. Mukathirira, pansi ndikumasulidwa ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa.
Ngati feteleza adalowetsedwa mu nthaka musanadzalemo, ndiye kuti kudyetsa ng'ombe wamba sikofunikira. Adzakhala ndi michere yokwanira m'nthaka yake. Koma zochulukirapo za feteleza zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mphumphuyo.
Atamasamba kwa miyezi ingapo, masamba obiriwira amapitirirabe. Mu nthawi yophukira, imayamba kufota pakati pa zomera zobiriwira. Izi zimagwira monga chizindikiro chokumba mbewu. Sikoyenera kuti muzigwedeza padziko lapansi. Ndikokwanira kuyika tubers m'mabokosi ndikusunga m'chipinda chozizira (+ 5 ... + 10 ° C). Nthambizo zikauma, zimadulira. Ngati simukuthamangira kudulira, ndiye kuti michere yonse imakhala ndi nthawi yopita ku rhizome.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Calla alibe chitetezo chokwanira. Matenda azomera sangawononge konse. Komabe, popanda chisamaliro cholakwika, matenda oyamba ndi fungus amatha. Madera onse owonongeka ayenera kukonzedwa ndikuthira minofu yathanzi ndikuthandizidwa ndi Bordeaux fluid.
M'mundamo, masamba ndi maluwa nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi tizilombo. Makamaka nsabwe za m'masamba zopweteka ndi akangaude. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tidawoneka pamasamba, ndi bwino kuchiza manyowa mwachangu ndi tizilombo (Akarin, Actellik, Komandor).
Ngakhale olima maluwa ambiri amatulutsa maluwa nthawi zonse, ena amakumana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa maluwa. Nthawi zina maluwa a calla saphuka kwa zaka khumi. Chifukwa cha izi zitha kukhala izi:
- kusakhalapo kwa nthawi yopumulirayo ndi kutentha kocheperako;
- kuyatsa kosakwanira;
- kuthirira kosakwanira panthawi yogwira ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira;
- pafupi kwambiri mphika;
- kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni musanafike maluwa.
