Nkhaka "Nezhinsky" inayamba kuonekera mumzinda wa Nezhin (Ukraine), motero dzina lake. Kwa nthawi yaitali, iwo ankawoneka ngati wabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso kusungirako nthawi yayitali mu brine. Lero, chifukwa chowoneka ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi hybrids, ndi yochepa aiwalika, koma pachabe. Taganizirani chifukwa chake nkhaka izi zimakula pamabedi onse.
Nkhaka "Nezhinsky": kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana
Zizindikiro za nkhaka zosiyanasiyana "Nezhinsky" odziwika kwa onse odziwa zamaluwa:
- Ponena za kucha, ndizomwe zili pakati-mochedwa kapena mochedwa, malingana ndi nthawi yobwera.
- Malingana ndi nyengo, mbeu imayamba kuonekera patapita masiku makumi asanu.
- Mnofu wa chipatsocho ndi wowometsera, wandiweyani komanso nthawi imodzi yokoma.
- Tsabola ndi yopyapyala, yopwetekedwa ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono takuda.
- Nkhaka zimakula mwamphamvu, nthawi zina kutalika kwa zilondazo kumakhala kutalika kwa mamita awiri. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chiwerengero cha mphukira chikuyembekezeredwa pa khumi ndi awiri.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chipatso m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, fermenting kapena kumalongeza.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhaka za Nizhyn zapatsidwa chiwerengero cha chilala chotsutsana, ngakhale ndi zochepa zazing'ono mu kupezeka kwa chinyezi, awo fruiting sifupika. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti ziyenera kusungidwa mu nthaka youma.
Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mitundu
Kutchuka kwa nkhaka "Nezhinsky" chifukwa cha zotsatirazi ndemanga zabwino:
- Kukoma kwabwino.
- Kulankhulana bwino ndi kuyenda.
- Zakale ndi zochuluka fruiting.
- Kukhoza kukula mu nthaka iliyonse.
- Kulekerera kwa chilala ndi kukaniza matenda.
Momwe mungabzala mbewu za nkhaka pa chiwembu
Ambiri atsopano akufuna chidwi chodzala nkhaka kuti athe kupeza zotsatira pamapeto pa nyengo. Ophunzira amakhulupirira kuti n'kofunika asanayambe kubweretsa mayeso kwa mbewu kumera ndi kuchiza mabakiteriya ndi bowa lovulaza.
Kuti achite izi, amaikidwa m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa 25 ° C patsiku, pomwe madziwo nthawi zina amasinthidwa. Pakatha nthawi, chirichonse chimayikidwa pa gauze, chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi madzi.
Atapereka zinthu zabwino zowunikira: kuwala, kutentha, chinyezi. Patapita kanthawi, mbewu zimayamba kulavulira, ndipo mudzawona kuti ndi ziti zomwe zingabzalidwe, ndipo ndi ziti zomwe zimaponyera kunja mwamsanga.
Kusankha nthawi ndi malo
Kudzala nkhaka moyenera pansi sikunayambe kale kuposa kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Mosasamala mtundu wa kutuluka, ndikofunikira kuti musakonzekeretse malo oti mubwerere pabedi lamtsogolo.
Chosankha chabwino ndikumaliza kukumba dziko lapansi mpaka masentimita 20 ndi kuchotsa udzu wonse. Izi zimathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino.
Zimadziwika kuti zokolola zambiri zingapezeke mothandizidwa ndi mabedi ofunda, omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito organic feteleza m'dzinja. Anansi abwino a nkhaka - nyemba, masamba saladi, tsabola, eggplant, komanso radishes ndi katsabola.
Mukudziwa? Zimadziwika kuti kuyambira 18 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, nkhaka za Nezhinsky zokha zinaperekedwa ku tebulo la mfumu ya ku Russia. Alendo ambiri achilendo a nthawi imeneyo anasiya kufotokozera mwachidwi zachakudyachi.
Otsatira abwino ndi oipa
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunika kuti oyambirira a nkhaka adze kumunda pa malo a kubzala mtsogolo - kulemekeza mbeu yoyendayenda. Akatswiri amanena kuti nkhaka sizingakulire pamalo amodzi osapitirira zaka 2 mzere. Okonzeratu abwino - tomato, kabichi kapena mbatata. Pakatha dzungu, komanso mavwende, zukini kapena mavwende, kubzala nkhaka ndi osafunika.
Njira yabwino yofesa mbewu
Muyezo wa kubzala nkhaka ndi 50 × 30 masentimita. Kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu ndi 3.5 masentimita Kwa kubzala, mabedi amapangidwa kuti mizere ikhale yakuya masentimita 5. Mtunda wa pakati pa mizera uli pafupifupi masentimita 15. Pambuyo kufesa, mbewu zimaphimbidwa ndi nthaka, nthaka kuthirira.
Care ndi kulima nkhaka "Nezhinsky"
Kukula nkhaka kumunda kumafuna kutsata ena zinthu zovomerezeka:
- Kuwonongedwa kwa namsongole onse popanda kuwononga nkhaka pawokha.
- Kutsegulira mwachangu nthaka kuti zisawonongeke.
- Mphukira nthawi yomweyo imayenera kutumizidwa mu njira yolondola, kumangiriza ku timikiti kapena timitengo.
- Tsiku lililonse masiku 10 kuti azidyetsa nkhaka.
- Pokolola, nkofunika kusokoneza zimayambira.
Malo ogulitsa
M'masiku oyambirira komanso masabata mutabzala, kutentha kwa masana kungakhale kosiyana kwambiri kuyambira usiku. Pamene usiku sichidutsa 15 ° C, tikulimbikitsanso kubisala nkhaka zokhala ndi zojambulajambula kapena polyethylene.
Njira zoterezi zimateteza mphukira kukazizira. Kawirikawiri, izi zimapangidwira ngati mawonekedwe ochepa a wowonjezera kutentha. Zipangizozi zikhoza kugulidwa mwakonzedweratu kapena kupangidwa mwachindunji pogwiritsira ntchito arcs ndi agrofibre.
Kwa zabwino fruiting, ndikofunika kuti musankhe nkhaka bwino.
Kuthirira, kumasula ndi kukwera mapiri
Chifukwa cha zenizeni za mizu, nkhaka ndi zomera zomwe zimakonda chinyezi. Kawirikawiri kuthirira kumachitika masiku awiri, kutentha kwakukulu kumaloledwa kuchita izi tsiku limodzi.
Ndi bwino kuchepetsa nthaka madzulo mothandizidwa ndi kuthirira mowa. Kusasowa kwa madzi kumabweretsa masamba ndi mdima, ndipo zowonjezera zake zimakhudza kukula kwa lashes ndi nkhaka okha. Ndibwino kumasula nthaka ndi tchire losavuta, popita kale.
Hilling ikupangidwira kupanga mizu yatsopano, kuteteza mizu yonse kutentha kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi dothi lonyowa lomwe limagwedezeka mosavuta. Apo ayi, mukhoza kuwononga zomera.
Feteleza
Pakuti zonse chitukuko cha nkhaka mitundu "Nezhinsky" zimalimbikitsa ntchito organic ndi mchere feteleza. Akatswiri amalangiza zothandizira mizu ndi foliar kuvala. Poyambirira, tikulimbikitsanso kuthirira nthaka ndi kompositi yabwino.
Pamene mukupanga humus chiwerengero cha 5 makilogalamu pa 1 lalikulu. Mtsani musanadzalemo mbewu. Ndiloyenera kudyetsa nthaka ndi phosphate kapena fetashi feteleza. Kuwerengera kumachitika motere: kwa 1 mamita 2300 g wa phulusa, 150 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu ndi 100 g ya superphosphate.
Kupopera ndi kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Ntchito yaikulu mu kulima nkhaka mitundu "Nezhinsky" ndiyo kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo ndi matenda. Kuti muchite izi, sikuti nthawi zonse zimapereka kuunikira bwino ndi kuyendetsa mabedi, nthawi zina muyenera kutembenukira ku zida zomwe zimateteza zomera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Nthano zamakono za "Nezhinsky" zimasiyana ndi zamoyo za chiwerengero cha tizilombo tokoma, komanso maonekedwe a azitona.
Pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira za powdery mildew zikuwonekera, kuyamika kwa mullein kumalimbikitsa: 1 l ya mankhwala ndi 20 g wa urea amadzipukutira 10 malita. Chilichonse chimasakanizidwa, chosasankhidwa ndi kupopedwa ndi mankhwalawa.
Ngati nthendayi ikudziwika, yomwe imayambitsa mawanga a chikasu pa masamba ndi zilonda pa zipatso, onse amachizidwa ndi Topaz. Zowola zowononga, zomwe zimakhudza zitsamba zazikulu, biologic "Trichodermin".
Matendawa ngati nsabwe za m'masamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe otchuka. Pozilenga, tengani kulowetsedwa kwa sopo ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Kapena konzekerani yankho la 25 g wa anyezi akanadulidwa ndi adyo, yomwe imayikidwa 5 malita a madzi.
The chifukwa njira amachiza zomera. Nkhumba imatulutsa madzi kuchokera ku chomera, chomwe mwezi udzatsogolera ku imfa ya chomeracho. Polimbana nalo, mundawu umathandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera sopo ndi kulowetsedwa kwa celandine.
Kukolola ndi kusunga nkhuku yokolola
Nkhuka zikapsa, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi funso: "Momwe mungasungire ndikuzisunga bwino?" Zochitikira wamaluwa ndi otsimikiza kuti zokololazo ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene ntchito ya dzuwa ndi yochepa.
Ndikofunika kuti mutenge msangamsanga mumthunzi. Pafupipafupi fruiting, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito zosonkhanitsa masiku awiri - pulogalamuyi idzakulolani kuti musatayikire mphamvu za zomera pa nkhaka zakale ndikukupatsani mwayi wokukula watsopano.
Zipatso zomwe zikukonzedwera kusungidwa m'tsogolo ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kotero kuti pakati pazigawozi nthawi yochepa imapita. Pofuna kusungirako, nkofunika kuti peduncle ikhalebe pa nkhaka, ndipo sipadzakhala kuwonongeka kwa iwo. Ndibwino kuti musamatsuke, chifukwa njira zoterezi ziwononge filimu yawo yotetezera.
Mukudziwa? Anthu ochepa chabe amadziwa kuti nkhalango za kumpoto kwa India ndi China zili ndi nkhaka. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa masamba amenewa kunawonekera zaka 5,000 zapitazo. Ankawonongedwanso ku Roma ndi ku Girisi.
Kuzisunga kwa nthawi yayitali mwatsopano muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Musati mukulunga mwamphamvu mu filimuyo, zipatso zimasowa mpweya wabwino.
- Musasunge pafupi ndi zipatso zina ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimatulutsa ethylene.
- Musalenge kutentha kwadzidzidzi.
- Kulepheretsa kuphulika kwa chinyezi.
