Kodi zida zogwirira ntchito zabwino ndi ng'ombe?

Makina a mkaka amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkaka. Pali makina ambirimbiri oyendetsa pamsika. Tiyeni tiwone momwe kuyendetsa ng'ombe kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi makina opangira magetsi komanso momwe mungasankhire makina oweta ng'ombe.

Zamkatimu:

• Mitundu
• Njira ya mkaka
• Kusakanikirana komweko
• Kutumiza mkaka
• Momwe mungasankhire makina osungira
• Zizindikiro zofunika
• Chimene simungathe kumvetsera
• Momwe mungamwe mkaka wathanzi
• Zochita ndi zoipa za njirayi

Kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka ndi chipangizo chake

Makina oyendetsa zinthu ndi osavuta. Zili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Makapu anayi
• Mkaka wamadzi ndi mpweya
• Mphamvu yosonkhanitsa mkaka
• Pump
• Wosonkhanitsa
• Pulsator (yomwe imapezeka mu zipangizo zamagetsi) Ngati makina oyendetsa nkhumba ali ndi pistoni, alibe pulsator, chifukwa mpope ndi ma valve omwe angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pulusi zimayendera pulsator. Amatsegula ndi kutsekedwa chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka pistoni).

Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za zipangizozi ndizoti zikho. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri. Pamunsi mwa magalasi muli magalasi ovuta (opangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki), mipope ya mphira ili mkati. Chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wodutsa mpweya chimakhazikitsidwa pakati pa magalasi olemera ndi mabala a mphira. Miphika iwiri imayikidwa pagalasi. Chipangizo chimodzi chimagwirizanitsa galasi ku chipinda chamkati. Phukusili amafunika kuyamwa mkaka. Phukusi lachiŵiri likugwirizanitsidwa ndi chipinda chosungiramo zipinda. Thubu iyi imafunika kuti pakhale pulumating vacuum.

Makina oyendetsera ntchito amagwira ntchito motere:

1. Kutupa (kutsika kwapansi) kumakhala mosasunthika mu chipinda cham'madzi.
2. Kupwetekedwa kwa khungu kumapezeka pothandizira kutuluka mkati mwa chipinda chamkati.
3. Panthawi yomwe mavuto omwewo amalembedwa m'magulu awiriwa, mkaka umatuluka kuchokera ku nkhono.
4. Mkaka umalowa mwa wosonkhanitsa, ndiyeno nkulowa mu chitha kapena china chokonzekera.
5. Panthawi yomwe chipsinjo chimalowa mu chipinda choyendetsa chipinda chimakwera kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, chubu yamagetsi imapangidwira, chigoba chimakanikizidwa ndipo mkaka umaima.

Mukudziwa? Makina amasiku ano amachititsa kuti mukamwe mkaka 100 pa ola;

Mfundoyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa magawo awiri a sitiroko. Kuzungulira kwafupipafupi panthawi ya kupalasa pakati pa mphindi 45 mpaka 60 pa mphindi. Chiŵerengero cha kuyamwa kwapakati pa kupanikizika kumasiyana pakati pa 50 ndi 50 mpaka 85 mpaka 15, ndipo mu zipangizo zamakono ndi 60 mpaka 40.

Mitundu

Chiwerengero cha makina oyendetsa magetsi angapangidwe kokha pazinthu zamakono. Ambiri a iwo amachotsedwa. Muzitsulo zoterezi, ntchito yomweyi, kusiyana kokha kuli mu ndondomeko.

Njira ya mkaka

Malingana ndi njira yokakamiza, makina akhoza kukhala kuyamwa kapena kumasulidwa.

Kuthamanga mapampu amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo za mtundu woyamwa. Zipangizo zoterezi zimapangidwa pa mafakitale ndipo zili ndi ubwino wambiri:

• Popanda mphira wa nipple
• Samalani kwambiri ku udders ndi mapira

Zipangizozi zimagwiritsira ntchito mfundo iyi: kugwiritsa ntchito mpope m'magalasi (kuvala mavupa) kumabweretsa mavuto, omwe amamwa mkaka kuchokera ku udzu. Pamene mpweya umalowetsa m'malo mwake, kupanikizika kumatuluka ndipo minofu imakanikizidwa ndi chubu ya mphira, mkaka umatha. Mothandizidwa ndi madontho opsinjika, njirayi ikuyendera zachilengedwe.

Mu makina oyendetsa makina a mtundu wotulutsidwa, kudandaula kumaphatikizidwira kuzimitsa. Zida zimenezi zimapangidwa payekha.

Kusakanikirana komweko

Malingana ndi njira yokakamiza, amasiyanitsa pakati pa malo osatha, awiri ndi atatu.

Makina osakanikirana amatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza - njira yopezera mkaka imakhala pansi pa nthawi yomwe imatuluka. Mu zipangizo zoterezi palibe njira yowonekera (mpumulo). Zida zimenezi sizili bwino kwa ng'ombe. Zipangizo ziwiri zimagwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri - kuyamwa ndi kupanikiza. Muzochita zitatuzi palinso njira yachitatu - kupumula.

Zipangizo zamakono makamaka ziŵiri. Zochita zitatu ndi zamphamvu, koma zochitika ziwiri ndizosavuta. Ndipo ngati chipangizocho sichiri choyimira ndipo chiyenera kuvekedwa, ndiye ndi bwino kusankha masewero awiri.

Kutumiza mkaka

Ndiponso, malingana ndi mtundu wa makina osakaniza, mkaka ukhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mumatha kapena pamipope. Ngati ndi makina ophatikizana, ndiye mkaka umalowa mukhoza. Zida zoterezi ndizoyenera ku minda yaing'ono. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapaipi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ndi anthu ambiri.

Momwe mungasankhire makina osungira

Palinso makina ambirimbiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina osakaniza, chifukwa zambiri kuposa famu imodzi sizingatheke popanda kupanga mkaka. Magalimoto onse amasiyana wina ndi mzake mwayinthu, mphamvu, miyeso, osati gulu latsopano.

Komabe, zipangizo zonse zimagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi, zimakhala ndi pompu yotsitsimula. Kusankha kumadalira pa zofunikira zambiri payekha. Chofunika kwambiri ndi momwe mkaka umasonkhanitsidwira ndipo ndi ng'ombe zingati zomwe zimatha kuthiridwa panthawi imodzi.

Zizindikiro zofunika

Tiyenera kulingalira za luso la makina komanso chifukwa cha izi kuti tichite zida za zipangizo. Odyetsa amagawani makina oyendetsa mu mitundu yayikulu: munthu ndi gulu.

Mu makina oyendetsa pali mitundu itatu ya mapampu opumulira:

• Popopu wamagazi ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo, siyi yokonzedwa kuti ikhale katundu wolemetsa. Mkaka panthawi sizingakhalepo kuposa ng'ombe zitatu. Mpweya woterewu ungakhale woyenera pa makina pa minda yaing'ono.

• Pistoni pampu ali ndi mphamvu zoposa zapitazo, komanso ali ndi zovuta. Nyama zingasokonezedwe ndi mfundo yakuti mtundu uwu wa pampu ndi phokoso kwambiri ndipo umatentha mofulumira. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti zipangizo zomwe zili ndi mpweya woterewu ndi zazikulu.

• Mpweya wodutsa ntchito zowopsya kuposa zapitazo. Njirayi ndi yabwino ngati nyama zanu zikuwopsyeza ndi phokoso lofuula ndipo mukuwopa kuti makina oyendetsa katundu angawopsyeze. Pope la Rotary ndi louma komanso mafuta.

Kawirikawiri, matchalitchi amagwiritsira ntchito makina opangira katatu ndi awiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina ndi yosiyana ndi yakuti muzochita zitatuzi poyerekeza ndi zochitika ziwiri, kuphatikizapo kuponderezana ndi kuyamwa, palinso mpumulo wopuma.

Mwa mtundu wa mkaka wosonkhanitsa mkaka, zipangizozo zimasiyana ndi makina omwe amasonkhanitsa mkaka kupyolera mu mapaipi kapena kulowa mu chitha. Makina ang'onoang'ono oyendetsa mkaka ndi oyenerera kukonzekera mkaka m'kotheka, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ng'ombe zingapo. Makina akuluakulu amasonkhanitsa mkaka kudzera m'mipope, zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yayikulu, komwe mkaka wochuluka umakhala wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mukudziwa? Chifukwa chakuti mapuloteni a mkaka wa ng'ombe amathandizidwa ndi poizoni m'thupi, zimalimbikitsidwa kwa ogwira ntchito za mankhwala, chifukwa amachotsa poizoni mosamala. Mkaka udzachotsanso zinthu zovulaza kuchokera ku thupi pambuyo pa kumwa mowa.

Mukhoza kusankha makina komanso mfundo yoti mukhoza kuyenda. Makina akhoza kusuntha ndi kuyima. Kwa mafamu akuluakulu oyendetsa mafamu, omwe amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe a ngolo ndi mawilo, chithandizo, mitsuko yamadzi ndi mpope.

Kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka chipangizochi kumakhala ndi mwayi wopereka ng'ombe zambiri. Kusuntha zida zoterezi, zimatengera mphindi zingapo ndipo siziyenera kuyesayesa zambiri.

Chimene simungathe kumvetsera

Mosasamala mtundu wa osankhidwa osankhidwa, kufulumira ndi khalidwe la kusungunuka kudzawonjezeka ndi dongosolo la kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi maulendo apamwamba. Chida chirichonse chidzakhala chabwino kwa ng'ombe zanu.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kusunga ng'ombe ndi chakudya chophatikizana bwino - chiyenera kukhala ndi chakudya chouma chakuda (udzu, udzu), zowonjezera (zowonjezera, mkate wa apulo) ndi mbewu zouma (mbatata, beets, kaloti, Yerusalemu atitchoku), ndi zina za mpendadzuwa zomwe zimapangitsa mkaka wabwino mkate, ufa, oats, balere, tirigu.

Komanso, musamamvetsetse zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, popeza makina amakono akugwiritsira ntchito, mosasamala mtundu ndi opanga, ali ophweka mosavuta ngakhale wosakhala katswiri wodziwa bwino. Mukufunikira kuwerenga malemba omwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikutsatira malamulo oyenera a ukhondo.

Komanso m'mapangidwe amakono musamamvetsere wopanga, chifukwa opanga zinyama amachititsa magalimoto kuti asawonongeke kuposa achilendo.

Momwe mungamwe mkaka wathanzi

Kuti mupeze mkaka wapamwamba pamtengo wapatali, kuyendetsa makina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuti zitheke bwino, nkofunika kutsatila mosamala malangizo a momwe mungamwetse ng'ombe ndi makina osungira nyama, komanso malamulo oyang'anira ng'ombe. Onetsetsani kuti makina oyendetsa bwino ali bwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito makinawa kumagwiritsira ntchito mfundo izi: mpweya wosadetsedwa umalowa kudzera muzipangizo zapadera kuchokera pa mpweya wopita ku pulsator. Chotsatira chake ndi kupweteka kwapadera, chosowa chimakhala chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipinda cha podsoskovo cha chikho cha teat.

Musanayambe kutumiza ng'ombe kuti zigulitse, muyenera kuyang'anira ng'ombe ndi udzu wake. Ndikofunika kufufuza kukhalapo kwa mastitis pa udder ndi minofu, monga ng'ombe zomwe zili ndi matendazi zimayambitsidwa. Kuyambira makinawa atangoyamba kubwezeretsa.

Kuthamanga kwa nyama ndikuthamanga kumadalira ntchito yoyenera ya zipangizo. Asanayambe, yang'anani momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito zipangizozo, zonse zowonongeka, mvetserani momwe wogwiritsira ntchito ndi wosonkhanitsira amagwirira ntchito. Yang'anirani chiwerengero cha makulitsidwe, mu makina atatu omwe amatha kupwetekedwa ayenera kukhala 50 mu 1 miniti, pamtunda umodzi - 90. Onaninso ntchito yowunikirapo, ngati choyimira chikugwira ntchito molondola ndipo ngati chitsimikizo chopitirira nthawi zonse chimasungidwa.

Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kumwa mkaka, muyenera kuyamwa mkaka pang'ono ndi kuonetsetsa kuti palibe magazi, mpweya wamphongo, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera apo, kupereka gawo loyamba la mkaka mwaulemu kumapereka chitsimikizo champhamvu kubwezeretsa mkaka wonse.

Musanayambe kukweza ng'ombe kumalo okwera kwa ola limodzi - Sambani udder madzi abwino, ofunda kapena yankho lapadera, kuyeretsa khola. Sikoyenera kuti tizisambitsa udder ndi madzi ozizira kapena otentha, chifukwa izi zidzachepetsa mkaka.

Pa nthawi yomweyi mutha udder massagekukonzekera makina oyendetsa. Kuti tichite izi, udder ukupunthwa ndi zala mu mitsempha yozungulira, ndikukankhira mmwamba mbali iliyonse ya udder, monga momwe amachitira akamamwa mwana wang'ombe.

Kukonzekera kwa kukonza makina kumafunika kuchitidwa mosamalitsa, molondola komanso mofulumira. Panthawiyi mkaka wothamanga udzatuluka, ndipo ukhoza kupititsa mkaka.

Zokolola za ng'ombe sizidalira zokhazokha za nyumba ndi kudyetsa, komanso mtundu - Kholmogory, shorthorn, brown Latvia, Yaroslavl, Highland, Kazakh woyera, mutu wa Kalmyk, wofiira, wakuda ndi woyera, Aberdeen-Angus, Jersey, Ayrshire, Holstein, Dutch Simmental, - ali ndi makhalidwe osiyana.

Musanatsegule valavu yowonongeka, muyenera kuvala makapu musanayambe kukonzekera. Mkaka wothandizira mkaka uyenera kutenga wonyamula pansi kuchokera kumbali ndi dzanja limodzi, kubweretsani ku udder, ndi dzanja linanso muyenera kuyika makapu pachikhomo kuyambira kumbuyo.

Ngati ndi kotheka, woperekera mkaka amatsogolera zitsulo zake muzakapu ndi mwana wake wamwamuna. Ngati mukufuna kukweza chikho cha teat, muyenera choyamba kugwiritsira ntchito chubu ya mkaka.

Magalasi amayenera kugwirana ndi mavupa, sipangakhale phokoso la mpweya pamene makina akuthamanga. Pita ku ng'ombe yotsatira mukatha kuyika makapuwo moyenera komanso kubweretsa mkaka.

Kuteteza mkaka Kupangidwa kudzera mu khola lofiira la kapu ya chikho kapena mazira oonekera. Ngati mwazifukwa zina zimathandiza kuchepetsa mkaka kapena kusiya, ndizofunikira, popanda kuchotsa zipangizozo, kuti misazizidwe musanayambirane.

Ngati makapu amatha kuchoka pamapiko, chotsani makinawo, yambani magalasi ndi madzi oyera, pikisani minofu ndikuiika pa udzu. Kuti ng'ombeyo isasokoneze makinawo, iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi zikopa zam'mbuyo.

Ng'ombe zikazoloŵera kugwiritsira ntchito makina, zimatulutsidwa mofulumira ndipo sizikusowa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Iyenera kuchitidwa pa chizindikiro kuchokera ku chipangizocho, chomwe chimachitika pa mitundu ina ya zipangizo komanso pambuyo pa kutulutsa mkaka.

Kuti atsirize ng'ombeyo, mkaka wa mkaka umatenga wonyamulayo ndi dzanja limodzi ndikuwatsitsa pamodzi ndi makapu a teat kumbuyo ndi patsogolo. Udzu wotsitsa (chomaliza) umachitika ndi dzanja lina. Mphamvu ndi nthawi ya misala zimadalira khalidwe la ng'ombe.

Pochotsani makapu a teat, wina ayenera kutenga mtola kapena mazira a mkaka ndi dzanja limodzi ndi kuwafinya. Wina ndikutsekera valavu pamtundu uliwonse kapena kumangiriza pa payipi. Pambuyo pake, kuyamwa makapu a galasi kumaphatikizidwa ndi chala kuchokera ku nkhono kuti mulowe mumlengalenga, panthawi yomweyo muyenera kuchotsa magalasi onse. Kenaka gwirizanitsani osonkhanitsa ndi chotsuka ndi kuyamwa mkaka wotsala mu makapu a teat.

Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo poyendetsa, zikopa za ng'ombezo ziyenera kupukutidwa ndi thaulo loyera, louma, lopaka mafuta odzola kapena emulsion yomwe imakhala ndi mankhwala oyambitsa matenda.

Pambuyo pake, makina oyendetsa amatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya, madzi oyambirira amadutsa mumagetsi, kenako amachiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Makina ochapa osamba amasungidwa mu chipinda chodziwika bwino.

Zochita ndi zoipa za njirayi

Chinthu chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsera makina ndi kuchepetsa ntchito ya milkmaids, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zokolola, kukula kwakukulu kwa mkaka wotulutsidwa. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pakugwiritsa ntchito makina, kukwiyitsa kwa nkhono ndi udder kumakhala kochepa, njirayi imayandikira kwambiri kuzipatsa ana a ng'ombe.

Palinso kuipa kwa ndondomeko yamagetsi: izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mavupulo atagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa sali ovulazidwa konse. Mosiyana ndi makina oyendetsa makina, ng'ombe zonse ndizofunikira kulumikiza zamtundu uliwonse mosasamala za kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa zingwe, pomwe ng'ombe zina ndizofunikira makina milking.

Kutaya kwakukulu kwa zipangizo zamakono ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha nyama ya mastitis - chiwopsezo chikuwonjezeka kufika 30 peresenti. Ngakhale izi, makina opangira ulimi ndi oposa 90%.

Choncho, ngati famu ili ndi ng'ombe zambiri, zimalimbikitsa kugula makinawa, chifukwa izi zidzafulumira ndikuchepetsanso ndondomeko ya mkaka, komanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi mkaka wabwino.