Nkhumba ndi matenda omwe amatha kukhudza mitengo ya apulo. Zimakhala zovuta kuti chilimwe chimadwale matendawa, koma n'zotheka. M'nkhaniyi tipereka uphungu wabwino komanso malangizo othandiza kwa alimi omwe akudziwa bwino momwe angachotsere nkhanambo pa maapulo.
Kodi ndi zoopsa ndipo zimachokera kuti?
Mitengo imamwalira kawirikawiri kuchokera ku apulo nkhanambo, koma zimapweteka nthawi zonse. Zipatso zili zopunduka, zimakhala zochepa. Pali pafupifupi zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso mavitamini. Zimene munganene ponena za kukoma ndi boma la kusungidwa. Mitengo ya Apple silingalole chisanu cha chisanu, ndipo mitengo imataya kukongola kwawo.
Nthendayi ya causative ya matendawa ndi marsupial bowa. Zimakhala zachilengedwe m'madera ozizira, makamaka amakonda nyengo yamvula komanso yozizira, chifukwa zifukwazi zimalola kuti mikangano ikhale yovuta. Zokolola pa mitengo ya zipatso zowonongeka zikugwa mozama, kukula kwa chipatso ndizosafanana. Ndikofunika kuti maapulo ataya kukoma kwawo osati chaka chokha, komanso zaka 2-3 zotsatira.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhanambo wa nkhanambo imalekerera mavuto. Zikhoza kukhala zotheka mpaka nyengo yotsatira, pokhala pamwamba pa masamba osagwa ndi mamba a m'nyengo yozizira.
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe
Zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ndi masamba apamwamba. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Pa masamba kumayambiriro pali malo owala omwe sakhala oonekera nthawi zonse. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pamwamba pa mawangawa amawonekera bwino kwambiri. Ma pedicels ndi mavaeya amayamba pang'onopang'ono. Masambawo akhoza kuuma ndi kugwa. Mwachindunji pa chipatso, matendawa amadziwonetsera okha ngati mawonekedwe a mdima wandiweyani. Nsalu ya maapulo ikhoza kutha.
Kupewa
Kupewa kwa matenda kuyenera kuyamba mu kugwa ndikupitirizabe kumapeto. Choyenera komanso chofunika kwambiri, kusamalira nthawi ya chipatso cha mbeu kumathandiza kupeŵa matendawa, kapena pakakhala zovuta kwambiri, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwake.
Mukudziwa? Woweruza nthawi yomwe kulibe nkhanambo ku Ulaya kungakhale chithunzi "Chakudya ku Emaus" Caravaggio, cholembedwa mu 1601. Chithunzichi chimasonyeza bwino dengu la zipatso. Pa apulo, yomwe imasonyezedwa pamenepo, kuwonongeka kwa nkhanambo kumaonekera bwino.
M'dzinja
Ndikofunika kuyamba njira zothandizira nthawi yophukira. Gawo loyamba ndilokuthyola ndi kuchotsa masamba onse ogwa, nthambi ndi zipatso kuchokera pa webusaitiyi. Kuonjezerapo, mutha kuchotsa makungwa pamtengo, chifukwa akhoza kupha bowa. Makungwawa adzafunika kuti asungidwe bwino pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la mkuwa sulphate kapena msuzi. Pambuyo pake m'pofunikira kukumba dothi lolimba, kotero kuti mikangano siimapangidwe pazinthu zabwino.
M'chaka
Ndikofunikira kuti muyang'ane bwino agrotechnical kulima apulo chikhalidwe. Poganizira kuti nkhono za nkhanambo zimakula bwino pamene zimakhala zowonongeka komanso pamene munda wakula, mitengo imayenera kubzalidwa mwadala. Mitengo ya Apple imayenera kumera pamalo pomwe pali dzuwa lokwanira. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi zimakhala zofunikira kuyeretsa ukhondo wa mitengo.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti feteleza ochuluka kwambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa mtengo, kapena chosemphana nacho, kusowa kwa kuvala kudzakhudza kufala kwa matendawa. Monga njira yowonetsera, ndizotheka kupopera mitengo ya apulo ndi mankhwala a "Agat-25K", ndilololedwa kuchita izi ngakhale nthawi ya kukula. 
Mukhoza kukonza munda Bordeaux madzi (1%), koma izi ziyenera kuchitika musanafike pachimake. Ngati ndi kotheka, njira yotere ikhoza kuthamanganso atatha.
Mmene mungamenyere
Ngati nkhanambo ikuwonetseredwabe pa apulo, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwirire nayo.
Mankhwala a anthu
Mankhwala a scab angapangidwe pogwiritsira ntchito njira zamakolo:
- Tsamba la mpiru. Chida ichi chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitengo yamaluwa nthawi zambiri pa nyengo: Panthawi ya phokoso lobiriwira, panthawi yomwe mtengo umayamba kubereka zipatso, ndipo fruiting ikangoyamba. Pofuna kukonzekera mpiru wa mpiru, mufunika 80 g wa mpiru wothira madzi.
- Saline yankho. Njira yothetsera nkhanambo pa maapulo ndi othandiza kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mchere ukhoza kubwezeretsanso pang'ono kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yowonjezera ya mitengo ya apulo, yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo. Kupopera mbewu kwa mitengo kuyenera kuchitidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene mtengo ukupuma. Chidebe 1 cha madzi chitenge 1 makilogalamu a mchere.
- Kulowetsedwa kwa mahatchi. Kusakaniza kumeneku kungakuthandizeni ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito masambawo atatha. Ndiko njira yowonetsera. Ndikofunika kudzaza chidebe ndi 1/3 ya horsetail, kuwonjezera madzi kwa iwo ndikuumirira masiku atatu.
Mukudziwa? Maapulo otsekemera amadzimadzi amapangidwa ndi chitsulo, omwe amatha kuwonjezera hemoglobini m'magazi. Komanso pali ma salesi a magnesiamu ndi potassium, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti azigwira bwino ntchito ya minofu ya mtima.
Mankhwala
Mankhwala amakonzekera nkhanambo pa apulo mitengo amasankhidwa malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo yozizira isanafike, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chimbudzi cholimba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mutatha maluwa komanso nthawi yomwe munda umabereka chipatso, kuyenera kukonzekera.
- M'dzinja, patangotha masamba ndipo zipatso zimasonkhanitsidwa, nkofunika kupopera mitengo ya apulo ndi mchere sulphate yankho, potsatira kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira 1 litre - 3-5 g zamkuwa sulphate.
Njira zamagulu zokhudzana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nyerere, ntchentche ya Colorado mbatata, namsongole, ntchentche anyezi, ntchentche za kaloti, nthawi zina sizowonongeka ndi mankhwala, ndipo zovulaza ndizochepa.
- Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, onetsetsani, musanayambe kuphuka, m'pofunikira kuyesa maapulo ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (3%). Ngati mitengoyo ilibe nkhanambo, ndiye kuti imatha kupopera kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu.
- Pafupi masabata 2-3 mutatha maluwawo., tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilumikizidwe. Izi zikuphatikizapo "Kola", "Rajok", "Skor".
- Kuganizira zimenezo nkhanambo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito mofanana, fungicides amafunika kusintha. "Strobe", "Zircon", "Kuprazan", "Fitolavin" ndi ena ambiri ndi abwino.
- Zina mwa zinthu nthaka pansi pa mitengo ya apulo m'dzinja akhoza kutsanulira 10% yankho la nitrate kapena urea.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa chipatso sudzadziwika bwino ndi matenda a fungus, ngati phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zili zokwanira, ndipo ngati palibe nayitrogeni.
Mitundu yotsutsa
Njira yabwino yomwe ingathandize kupeŵa vuto ngati nkhanambo ndilo kusankha ndi kubzala kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma apa ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zosiyanasiyana zosiyana siyana zikhoza kuchita mosiyana. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe siilimbana ndi nkhanambo. Pali omwe ali ofooka. Ndipo pali ena amene nthawi zonse amavutika ndi matenda osasangalatsa.
- Mitengo ya Apple yomwe imatsutsana ndi nkhanambo: "Jonathan", "Ligol", "Pepin Saffron", "Orlovy", ndi zina zotero.
- Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadwala nthawi zambiri: "Orlik", "Welsey", "Antonovka Zolotaya", "Mleevskaya Kukongola", "Lobo", "Anis Scarlet", "Renet Kursky", ndi zina zotero.
- Mitengo ya Apple, yomwe imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri: "Papirovka", "Calvil ya Chipale", "Melba", "Rennet Semerenko", "Borovinka" ndi ena.
Vuto pamene mukukula mtengo wa apulo ukhoza kukhala aphid ndi nyerere, njenjete yamtundu, shchitovka, masamba a nsomba, njenjete.
