Mukaona kuti kalulu wanu akungoyamba kapena kusinthanitsa makutu, muyenera kufufuza mosamala ndikuyang'ana kupezeka kwa mphere. Matendawa angayambitse mavuto ambiri kwa zinyama zanu, choncho musachedwe mankhwala. Ganizirani za mtundu wa mphere zomwe zingakhale ndi akalulu, momwe mungazidziwitse ndi kuzichitira, ndikudziwani bwino za kupewa kwawo.
Zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mphere mu kalulu, chifukwa cha nthata zosiyanasiyana, zomwe dzina la matendawa limachokera. Kuwopsa kwa matendawa kumapangitsa kuti akalulu, athanzi, azikhala ndi matenda ena opatsirana. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapezeka m'zolakwika.
Mukudziwa? Padziko lapansi, pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhupakupa 54,000 za gulu la arachnids. Zilombo za nyama ndizochepa chabe.
Notodrosis
Causative agent. Nthata za mtundu wa Notoedres, zokhala ndi mzere wofiira (0.2-0.45mm). Kawirikawiri akalulu amakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Notoedres cuniculi, koma palinso ziphuphu za Notoedres zomwe zimatha kupweteka kwambiri pa amphaka ndi agalu. Mitundu yotsirizayi imatha kukhala ndi munthu kwa masiku 30 ndipo imayambitsa mliri, koma sungathe kubereka m'magazi a anthu.
Kupititsa patsogolo. Nthatazi zimakhala ndi kuberekera m'matumbo a khungu la kalulu ndikufa kunja kwa kutentha kwapakati pa 15-20 ° C pambuyo pa masiku 12. Mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi ofunika kwambiri. Pakati pa moyo, majeremusi amadutsa m'magulu angapo: dzira, larva, nymph (protonimph ndi teleonym) ndi wamkulu (imago). Zimatengera pafupi masabata 2-3. 
Gwero ndi njira ya matenda. Matenda owopsa amapezeka kuchokera ku nyama yodwala ndipo imafalikira mofulumira pamene akukhala muzitseke. Mbalameyi ingathenso kupatsirana kudzera mu zinyalala, zinthu zapanyumba, zomwe zinali nkhupakupa kuchokera ku chonyamulira.
Nthawi yosakaniza. Akhoza kukhala masiku 10 mpaka 15.
Timalimbikitsa kuti tidziwe bwino matenda a akalulu, njira zomwe amachiza komanso kupewa, komanso kuti adziwe kuti matenda a akalulu ndi otani kwa thanzi laumunthu.
Zizindikiro. Poyamba, zilonda zamkati zimayambira pamphuno, m'milomo, pazitsulo komanso m'mphepete mwa mapepala. Ndiye zoneszi zikufutukula ndikuphatikizana. Khungu nthawi imodzi imatha, imataya, imataya elasticity, imaphimba thupi ndi mapepala. Mu ubweyawo amaoneka ngati zikopa zamkati, zovala zofiira ndi zofiira. Akalulu nsupa pruritic zilonda pamaso mabala. Ndi kukula kwa matendawa kwa nyama, chilakolako chakuchepa kwambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa kutopa ndi imfa.
Sarcoptosis
Causative agent. Mites Sarcoptes cuniculi, omwe ali ndi thupi lokhala ndi miyendo yochepa. Kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 0,4 mm, ndipo kumbuyo kuli malo ambiri.
Kupititsa patsogolo. Amakula ndi kuchulukitsa mu khungu la khungu, kukung'amba mkati mwake kumayenda ndi kudyetsa maselo pansi pa tsamba la epithelium. Mayi amaika mazira awiri mpaka 7, omwe amatha masiku asanu ndi atatu, mphutsi zikuwoneka, kenako kudutsa muzigawo za nymphs ndi imago. 
Gwero ndi njira ya matenda. Amapatsirana mwa kukhudzana ndi nyama yodwala ndi yathanzi, kudzera m'mabedi, mbale ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo. Angabweretsedwe pa zovala za munthu amene akukumana ndi kalulu, wodwala ali ndi mphere.
Nthawi yosakaniza. Akhoza kukhala masiku 14 mpaka 20.
Zizindikiro. Choyamba, khungu pamutu ndi pamutu limakhudzidwa, ndiye matendawa amafalikiranso ku mbali zina za thupi, kuyambira pawindo. Madera okhudzidwawa ali ndi mitsempha yaing'ono yomwe potsirizira pake imakhala mapulose (abscesses) kapena vesicles. Khungu nthawi yomweyo limawombera, kalulu amawavunditsa kuti avulaze. Khungu limakula, limataya, ndipo ubweya umatha. Pakapita nthawi, akalulu amadya pang'ono, kulemera ndi kufa.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa oweta oyamba kuyamba kuwerenga momwe angasankhire kalulu pamene akugula, momwe angadziwire za kugonana kwa kalulu, ndi zomwe zimakhudza moyo wautali ndi nthawi yomwe akalulu amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Psoroptosis
Causative agent. Mite Psoroptes cuniculi, ali ndi mawonekedwe a oval ndi miyeso ya 0.3-0.9 mm, maonekedwe a thupi lachikasu, mawiri awiri a miyendo.
Kupititsa patsogolo. Amalowetsa mkati mwa akalulu, koma ndi mawonekedwe oopsa amatha kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Nkhupakupazi zimafa kumalo akunja kwa masiku 22-24 okha. Mayi amaika mazira, omwe m'masiku ochepa mphutsi amawonekera, kudutsa mu magawo awiri a nymphs (zotchulidwa ndi ma telefoni), asanafike ku boma lalikulu (imago). Zimatenga masiku 9 mpaka 14. 
Gwero ndi njira ya matenda. Amadwalitsidwa kuchokera ku nyama yodwala kupita ku thanzi labwino, komanso kuchokera ku bedi ndi zinthu zapakhomo zomwe zakhala zikukumana ndi kalulu wodwala nkhuku.
Nthawi yosakaniza. Amakhala masiku 15-24.
Zizindikiro Akalulu amagwedeza makutu awo, amawapukuta pa khola. Mu mkhalidwe wofatsa wa matendawa uli ndi malo apadera. Choyamba, mavuvu ofiira amaoneka, akuyamba tsiku loyamba kapena lachiwiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, madzi amtundu amamasulidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, omwe amauma ndi kupanga mawonekedwe.
Kumbali ya kunja kwa nyama, mabala a brownish-yellow sulfuric amapezeka ambiri kuposa nthawi zonse. Mafuta aakulu, zilonda zikuwonjezeka, kuphatikiza wina ndi mzake, zimagwiritsa ntchito malemba ambiri omwe amapezeka pamtunduwu, pomwe pamakhala pang'onopang'ono minofu yambiri.
Mukudziwa? Kutalika kwa makutu akalulu kumadalira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amasinthasintha popanda mtolo wina ndi mzake. Mutu wautali kwambiri, malinga ndi Guinness Book of Records, unali wolemera masentimita 79 ndipo unalembedwa mu 2003 ku boma la Kansas kuwonetsetsa kwa akalulu.Psoroptosis ikhoza kupita kumadera ena a mutu. Fomu iyi ingakhale yovuta ndi kutukusira kwachiwiri komwe kungafalikire ku ubongo wa nyama, zomwe zimabweretsa zizindikiro za CNS kuwonongeka ndi imfa.
Video: chithandizo cha nkhanambo ya kalulu
Zosokoneza
Matendawa amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- zizindikiro;
- epizootological deta;
- mayesero a ma laboratori - kwa iwo kutenga scrapings kuchokera ku zilonda kuti apitirize kufufuza pansi pa microscope.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi oyimira abwino a zokongoletsera, ubweya ndi kalulu.
Mukhoza kudzifufuza nokha, mvetserani zizindikiro ndikuyesera kuyang'ana zilonda ndi galasi lokulitsa.
Pachifukwa ichi, pa kafukufuku wanu omwe mudzafunika:
- petrolatum;
- chida chothandizira kuchotsa malo okhudzidwa;
- galasi loyera;
- kukweza kapena microscope.
Kuti mudziwe nokha, zotsatirazi zikuchitika:- Mafuta odzola amatha kutentha mpaka 40 ° C (kutentha thupi kwa akalulu).
- Kugwidwa ndi zilonda za chida chosankhidwa kumatengedwa ndikuyikidwa mu mafuta odzola omwe amachititsa kuti nthatazo zizigwira ntchito.
- Chisakanizo cha vaseline ndi zowonongeka zogwiritsidwa bwino zimagawidwa bwino pa galasi.
- Galasi yokhala ndi magalasi kapena magetsi akuyang'anitsitsa mosamala. Ngati muwona tizilombo tating'onong'onoting'ono ting'onoting'onoting'ono, ndiye kuti mphere zidzatsimikiziridwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mphere amapezeka pa akalulu pa famu, antchito onse ayenera kuphunzitsidwa malamulo a chitetezo cha munthu aliyense, popeza mphira zimapatsirana osati nyama zokha, komanso anthu.Ngati makutu amavuta kwambiri, m'pofunikanso kukaonana ndi veterinarian, monga mayesero ena otsatirawa angakhale oyenerera kuti azindikire:
- Kufufuza za otoscope ya khutu la pakati;
- x-ray kapena tomography.
Chithandizo ndi mayendedwe
Choyamba, pochiza nkhiti za akalulu odwala, iwo amakhala okhaokha, ndipo makutu onse omwe amasungidwa kapena wokhudzana ndi wodwalayo ayenera kuchitidwa ndi acaricides (mwachitsanzo, Neocidol spray). 
Mankhwala a zinyama
Pakuti psoroptesis (earwash), gwiritsani ntchito Acrodex. Ngati mankhwalawa akupezeka ngati aerosol, ndiye amatumizidwa kumadera omwe ali ndi mphere, pamtunda wa masentimita 40 mpaka 50 ndipo amachiritsidwa kwa masekondi awiri.
Pofuna kuchepetsanso makapu ndi nkhanambo, perekani 10% Creolin emulsion, komanso Lysol pa mpendadzuwa kapena mafuta odzola, 2% mafuta odzola, 5-10% mafuta odzola kapena mafuta a carbolic. Malo okhudzidwa akhoza kuphwanyidwa ndi chisakanizo cha sopo wobiriwira ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1.
Pambuyo pa ziphuphuzi zimachotsedwa m'makutu a akalulu pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la 3% la hydrogen peroxide. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Hexalin, Hexatalp, TAP-85, Hexachlorane-oil emulsion, yotchedwa Creolin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungasankhire kalulu mukamagula, momwe mungadziwire za kalulu, komanso zomwe zimakhudza moyo wanu komanso momwe akalulu amakhalira moyo wawonthu.
Mankhwala otchuka a notohedrosis akalulu ndi 0.2% ya Neocidol emulsion solution, yomwe ili ndi madzi opanda mtundu kapena pinki ndipo imakhala ndi 60% diazinon. Njira ya Bath imakonzedwa, ndikuyang'ana izi: 334 g ya Neocidol imatengedwa madzi okwanira 100 l.
Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumachepetsedwera ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10, ndiyeno zotsatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa zimaphatikizidwira kwa madzi onse osamba. 
Asanayambe kuchiritsidwa kwa nyama zodwala, akalulu khumi amasankhidwa poyamba ndipo ndondomeko ikuchitika. Ngati, atalandira chithandizo, sanasonyeze zizindikiro za toxicosis kapena kusagwirizana kwa wothandizila, ndiye akalulu onse amatha kuchiritsidwa.
Kutentha kwa madzi mu kusamba ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 32-35 ° C. Kalulu amabatizidwa m'madzi osambira kwa miniti, koma mutu umakhala pambali panja. Khungu limagwedezeka kumbali kuchokera kumchira mpaka kumutu, ndi kumapazi - kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba.
Izi zimachitidwa kuti khungu lonse lilowerere mu madzi. Ndiye mutu wa kalulu kwa masekondi angapo kulowa m'madzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti muzitsuka mphuno ndi pakamwa pa chinyama. Kenako mutuwo umasakanizidwa pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Akalulu oyembekezera kwa masiku 15 asanatuluke kalulu, komanso akalulu mpaka masiku 30 apakati pa kukonza mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuletsedwa.
Malo a khungu omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphere, akugwiritsidwa ntchito pazokambirana zina ndi burashi. Atatha kusambitsanso, tsitsili limakhala bwino, ndipo chiweto chimayikidwa m'chipinda chofunda komanso chisanafike.
Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha anthu akuluakulu 30 kapena akalulu 60 omwe ali ndi miyezi 1.5-2.5, njira yothira yodetsedwa iyenera kukhala yatsopano. Njira yothetsera mankhwala omwe imatsutsana ndi mphere iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lomwelo, chifukwa tsiku lotsatira madziwa sali abwino. 
Pakati pa kusamba nyama muyenera kuvala magolovu a mphira, ndipo panthawi yomwe simungadye kapena kusuta. Mutatha kuchapa akalulu, yesani manja anu bwinobwino ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo. Neocidol ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati aerosol.
Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo mtunda wa pafupifupi 50 cm kuchokera kuchirombo pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito 20-40 ml payekha, malinga ndi malo osungirako mankhwala. Akalulu amtunduwu ayenera kukhala m'maselo, omwe amathandizidwanso ndi aerosol. Kutentha kwa mpweya wa m'mlengalenga sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa +20 ° С, ndipo kutentha kwa aerosol kuyenera kukhala + 22-25 ° С.
Akalulu omwe amadwala ndi mphere amachiritsidwa kawiri ndi nthawi ya masiku 8-10. Ndipo anthu wathanzi omwe anali okhudzana ndi nyama zodwala anachitidwa mwanjira imeneyi kamodzi.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza chithandizo cha makutu a rabies.
Mankhwala a sarcoptosis (pruritic scabies) akalulu, Fenothiazine ndi mafuta a nsomba, SC emulsion kukonzekera, Hexalin, Hexatalp, TAP-85 imagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'nyengo yozizira, fumbi la sulfure kapena lafrida lofalikira lomwe lili ndi 80-95% limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira.
Izi zimatanthauza kuwaza ubweya wonse kuti ugwe pa khungu. Kupha akalulu pambuyo pa mankhwala ndi hexachlorane wothandizira amaloledwa kukwaniritsidwa patangotha miyezi iwiri, pamene amagwiritsa ntchito mchere wamchere wa Hexachlorane - patatha masiku 40, atagwiritsa ntchito Neocidol - masiku 20. 
Mankhwala a anthu
Pochiza makutu a khutu (psoroptosis) gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ochizira otsatirawa (monga ancillary):
- Turpentine, bwino kusakaniza mafuta a mpendadzuwa, mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Kusakaniza koteroko kwa makutu opukutidwa kumapukutira kuti zisoti zikhale bwino. Ndiye makutu amatsukidwa ndi hydrogen peroxide. Pambuyo masiku 6-7, ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa.
- Mafuta a caraway kapena mafuta a anise (10%) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofewetsa makoswe.
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwira ntchito yotchedwa turpentine, yomwe imadwala malo okhudzidwa, kapena birch tar.
Kupewa
Zotsatira izi zimatengedwa kuti zitha kupewa matendawa:
- Iwo samachiza odwala okha, koma nyama zonse zathanzi;
- Pewani zinyama zozembetsa, musalole akalulu kuti alankhule ndi nyama zina;
- maselo, mapulani, aviary, kuyenda ndi Creolin njira (0.5%) imakhala yotetezedwa nthawi zonse;
- kuwotchedwa ndi blowtorch kapena maselo a flamethrower ndi zipangizo zina;
- musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala achilendo a anthu ena;
- atalumikizana ndi nyama yodwala, amasamba m'manja bwino, agwiritseni ntchito zovala zotsatila, zomwe ziyenera kutsukidwa pambuyo pake;
- perekani zakudya zabwino kwa akalulu, kuphatikizapo mavitamini oyenerera omwe amathandiza kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- amachititsa kafukufuku wamtundu wa zinyama pa veterinarian, yomwe imalola kuti matendawa ayambe kumayambiriro.
Samalirani thanzi lazinyama zanu, ndipo poyamba zizindikiro za mphere, funsani dokotala ndikuyamba mankhwala a ziweto. Kuyambitsa mitundu ya matendawa ikhoza kutha kwa akalulu. Pofuna kupewa nkhanza, zitsulo ziyenera kuthandizidwa kuti zikhale zoyenera komanso zowonongeka.
