Kulima masamba aliwonse kumayamba ndi kubzala kwake, kotero ndikofunikira kudziŵa za zovuta zonse za njirayi. Kudziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungamerekere tomato kapena nkhaka pa mbande, mungathe kuyembekezera kukolola kwakukulu mu kugwa. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa nkhaniyi mwatcheru.
Chimene mukufunikira kukula
Kuwonjezera pa mbewu za nkhaka, mudzafunanso zigawo zina za kubzala: mphamvu, malingaliro oyenera a nthaka komanso nyengo yabwino. Koma zinthu zoyamba poyamba. 
Kamphanga kakang'ono ka nkhaka
Ngati mukufuna mbeu zanu kubweretsa zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kuganizira nthawi yomwe mukubzala. Gawo loyenera kwambiri la mbewu lidzakhala chisakanizo cha humus, mullein ndi sod land mu chiŵerengero cha 7: 1: 2. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito kusakaniza kwa nthaka komwe kumapangidwa ndi mullein ndi peat (1: 4), kuwonjezera 30 g wa urea kapena ammonium nitrate, laimu (30 g), mchere wa potaziyamu (6 g) ndi superphosphate (20 g) mu chidebe cha mndandandawu.
Onani mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka: "Masha f1", "Wopikisana", "Zozulya", "German" ndi "Courage".Kuganizira zimenezo nkhaka ndi "zoipa" ndi "zopanda nzeru" zomera, Kukula kosayenera kumalo otseguka (nthawi zambiri amadwala komanso osazika mizu m'malo atsopano), ndiye kuti mbande zawo ziyenera kukula popanda kudula. Choncho, makapu apulasitiki omwe amachokera ku yoghurts kapena kirimu wowawasa amatha kukhala ndi matanki amtundu umodzi, malinga ngati mlingo wake si wotsika kuposa mamita 400, pamtunda wa masentimita 12. Ndizosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa mizu ya mbeu sizingatheke kukulirakulira ndipo kudzachepetsanso kukula kwake. Mosiyana ndi izi, mungagwiritse ntchito mapiritsi apadera kapena mazira a dzira.
Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe
Osati gawo lomalizira pakukoma nkhaka amachititsa zizindikiro za kutentha. Nthawi yomweyo mutabzala mu miphika, kutentha kwa chipinda chakumera kumakhala 20 ... + 25 ° C, koma kungachepetsedwe kufika 20+ + 22 ° C masana ndi 15 ... + 16 ° C usiku. .
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka iyenera kutentha mofanana mpaka 15 ° C kuti mbande zisamaundane usiku.
Nthawi yabwino kukula
Odziwa bwino wamaluwa pankhani ya kukula mbewu samvetsera kokha malangizo a opanga, komanso ndi zikhulupiliro zambiri komanso ngakhale okhulupirira nyenyezi, chifukwa ngati muchita zonse molondola, mudzapatsidwa zotsatira zabwino. Tiyeni tipitirize kuchokera ku lingaliro limeneli, ndipo tiyesetse kupeza nthawi yabwino kuti tizitsuka nkhaka. 
Monga momwe analangizira ndi wopanga
Chifukwa chakuti dziko lathu likukhalamo, amalima ambiri amalangizidwa kuti azikala nkhaka pamtunda pafupi pakati pa April, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa May (chifukwa cha izi, n'zotheka kudziwa nthawi yofesa nthawi). Pankhani imeneyi, zimadalira kuti nyengo yamkuntho imatha msanga ndipo dothi limawomba. Njira yoyenera idzakhala kukhalapo kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi mabedi ofunda.
Ngati zinthu zonsezi zatha, ndipo mukukhala kumadera akum'mwera, mukhoza kuyesa mbande kuti mutsegulire pansi mu March.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mudziwe nthawi yeniyeni yobzala mbewu mu makapu, muyenera kudziwa kuti mbande zimaperekedwa ku bedi la masabata pafupifupi masabata atatu mutabzala.Onse owerengedwa mosamala ndi kudziwa nyengo nyengo isanakwane, mungathe kuwerengetsa nthawi yabwino kuti muyambe kukula nkhaka.
Ndi kalendala ya mwezi
Njira yokondweretsa ndiyo njira yomwe ikuyendera pa kalendala ya mwezi, yomwe chaka chilichonse chikhoza kusiyana kwambiri. Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedwa mu 2017, nthawi yabwino yomwe mungathe kudzala nkhaka za mbande zimatengedwa kuti ndi March 4 ndi 5 (nambala yabwino kwambiri ndi 1, 6, 7 ndi 29-31 mwezi uno), komanso April 1 ndi 2 (koma ndibwino kuti mukonzekere Nambala 9, 10, 27 ndi 28). Ndi kubzala kamodzi, ndibwino kuti tiganizire pa May 26-27 (nambala 2-3 ndizovomerezeka pamwezi uno). Kwa June, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli ndi nambala yachisanu ndi chinayi ndi yachisanu ndi chitatu, ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, mukhoza kuchita ndondomeko 3-4.
N'zosangalatsanso kuti wamaluwa ambiri "amafunsira" pa kalendala ya mwezi osati kokha pa nkhani yobzala nkhaka, komanso powasamalira. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti zomerazi zimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse (nthawi yogwira ntchito fruiting, kuyambitsa madzi m'nthaka kuyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa masiku atatu), njirayi iyenera kusamala kwambiri, makamaka pamene Mwezi umakhudzidwa ndi Gemini ndi Libra. Mu 2017, nthawi ino imakhala pa 4-5 ndi 13-14 March, 1 ndi 9-11 April, 7-8 ndi 16-17 May, 3-5 ndi 29-30 June, 1, 10-11 ndi 29-30 July, 16 ndi 25-26 August. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthirira feteleza kumachitika bwino masiku otsatirawa: mu March - 4-5, 9 ndi 13-16, mu April - 12-13 ndi 22-23, mu May - 19-23, June 8-9, mu July - 20-21 ndi 24, ndipo mu August - 3-4 ndi 9-12 manambala.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia, zipatso zopangidwa ndi tubercles zimaonedwa ngati nkhaka zenizeni, koma anthu a ku Ulaya, amalemekeza zowonongeka kwambiri, kutchula kuti "nkhaka mu shati la Russia".
Kufunika kosankha bwino
Pofuna kudziwa nthawi yofesa nkhaka, ndi nthawi yoti mupitirire ku funso la momwe mungasankhire mbeu zoyenera kubzala m'deralo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yonse ya chomera ichi yagawanika mu mungu wochokera ndi njuchi ndi parthenocarpic, zomwe ndi zofunika kuziganizira pamene mukugula mbewu. Njira yomaliza yomangirira siyenerera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azikula muzitsamba zazing'ono.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zovuta zonse za kukula nkhaka mu ndowa.Kulima kumalo otseguka, mukhoza kugula mitundu yonse ya magulu awiri ndi ma hybrids (otchedwa F1), koma maonekedwe ena ayenera kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, nkhaka zowonongeka ndi njuchi zimalepheretsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndipo zimatsutsana ndi zotsatira za dzuwa ndi mphepo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mitundu ya parthenocarpic sichimawawa ndipo siimapanga mbewu.
Zabwino zosiyanasiyana nkhaka kuti lotseguka pansi deservedly ankaona mitundu "Vyaznikovsky 37", "Altai Early 166", "Chisomo ndi Murom 36". Zowonjezera kutentha ndi mitundu "Manul", "Friendly", "Wodabwitsa", "April" ndi "MOVIR-1". 
Zina mwa mitundu yatsopano ndiyo kupereka hybrids:
- "Baba Masha" - Parthenocarpic, njuchi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola za 13 makilogalamu pa 1 mamita, zomwe zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndizitsulo zosiyana siyana.
- "Palibe vuto" - monga momwe zinalili kale, mutha kukolola makilogalamu 13 kuchokera ku mbeu imodzi yokha ya masimidwe, ndikuyamba kukolola kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndikutheka pakati pa autumn. Ndibwino kuti mupange kuphika marinades ndi pickles.
- "Zazikulu Zisanu" - amatanthauza mbali yoyamba ya parthenocarpic hybrids, omwe zipatso zake zimakhala makilogalamu 15 pa 1 mamita. Zipatso zimasungidwa bwino mwatsopano komanso ngati chakudya chamzitini.
Mukudziwa? Zaka 95% za nkhaka ndi madzi.Mitundu ya hybrid imeneyi ili yoyenera kubzala pamalo otseguka kapena m'malo obiriwira monga:
- "Mwana" - Zowonjezereka, njuchi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zipatso zake zimapsa pamodzi masiku 40 pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba. Sichimakhala chowawa komanso chabwino kwambiri kwa saladi komanso kusungidwa.
- "Mapasa" - kalasi yoyamba yakucha yosiyana kwambiri ndi zokolola (kuchokera 1m² mpaka 13 kg ya zipatso). Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa njuchi umapangitsa kuti madontho a kutentha asamayende bwino ndipo ndi ovuta kwambiri ku matenda. Zipatso zimayikidwa, osati zowawa ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zosowa zilizonse zophika.
- "Khrum-Khrum" - Wina wosakanizidwa wa njuchi-pollinating, yabwino kuti apange zosiyana zosiyanasiyana. Chimalekerera chilala, kutentha, koma kukolola kwabwino kumafuna madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
- "Apetitny" - kutulutsa mtundu wosakanizidwa wa cholinga cha chilengedwe chonse, kutanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njuchi ndi sing'anga zoyambirira kucha. Amamva bwino ponseponse komanso m'nthaka yomwe ili ndi chivundikiro chaching'ono.
- "Mwana" - oyambirira kucha, njuchi-pollinating wosakanizidwa zosiyanasiyana, pa nthawi yomweyo mbewu zabwino nkhaka (zipatso kufika 7-10 masentimita m'litali). Sizimakhala zachikasu, sizimatuluka ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zophikira. Chifukwa cha matenda ake aakulu, "Mwana" akhoza kukula osati m'munda wokhawokha (mu nthaka yotseguka), komanso mu malo otsekemera, komanso osakhala bwino.
- "Antoshka" - Parthenocarpic wosakanizidwa wa sing'anga oyambirira yakucha. Oyenera kulima poyera, koma nthaka yotetezedwa, kumene kuli chilengedwe chogwirizana ndi mbewu zonse. Monga hybrid wakale, "Antoshka" amalekerera kutentha kwakukulu madontho masana ndi usiku kutentha, komanso amakula mwakachetechete ndi kupanda kuwala.
- "Ana a sukulu" - parthenocarpic wosakanizidwa wa nkhaka, amadziwika ndi pafupifupi nthawi yakucha komanso nthawi yaitali fruiting. Zipatso sizimayenda kapena zimakhala zachikasu, zimapirira bwino ndi matenda ndipo zimakhala zabwino kwa nthawi yaitali. Mwatsopano, zipatso zikhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku khumi, koma zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zisungidwe.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa iwo omwe amazoloŵera kubwerera kumunda wawo kumapeto kwa sabata, zovala zopanda nsalu ndi zabwino, zomwe sizikusokoneza mpweya wabwino.
Malangizo Othandizira
Kukula nkhaka mbande, ngakhale kudziwa nthawi yobzala bwino, simungakhoze kuchita popanda kudziwa zambiri za zinthu zosamalira zomera zopanda nzeru. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti amafunika kuthirira mobwerezabwereza (koma musadwale kwambiri, mwinamwake pali mwayi waukulu wopanga matenda a fungal), nthawi zonse kudyetsa ndi kukwera phiri kangapo pa nyengo, zomwe zimangobweretsa chitukuko cha mizu. Kuonjezera apo, mitundu yomwe imakula mu nthaka yotseguka nthawi zambiri imatsina pa tsamba 5-6, lomwe limapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a lateral lashes. 
Ponena za zosankha za wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi zonse amamanga zitsulo zomwe zili pamwamba pa ovary yoyamba. Pofuna kuchepetsa chisamaliro cha zomera komanso kusintha madzi ndi kutentha, mabedi ndi masimidwe ayenera kuwonetsedwa.
Musathamangire kumwa madzi a nkhaka omwe mwangoyima kumene, mwinamwake tsinde lake lidzakhala lochepa thupi, ndipo mizu sidzakhala bwino. Zonsezi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi kuuma kwadothi kuchokera pansi. Kutentha kwa madzi kwa njirayi iyenera kukhala osachepera + 18 ° C.
Mbewu monga dill, broccoli, udzu winawake wa udzu, Peking kabichi, letesi, radishes, beets, katsitsumzukwa, sipinachi ndi anyezi zimathandiza kwambiri nkhaka m'munda ndi kukopa njuchi kuti zikhale bwino ndi "oyandikana nawo".Zipatso zonse zomwe zafika pa 5-7 masentimita m'litali ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti pasakhale 10-18 nkhaka zikule pa chomera chimodzi. Mu malo otentha, chipinda chiyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zizindikiro za kutentha masana ndi usiku kumatha kukhazikika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha komwe kumapanga kudzipangira, komwe kumatha kukhala ngati mabotolo a pulasitiki omwe amaikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Patsiku lotentha, madzi mwa iwo amatha kutentha, ndipo usiku kumapereka kutentha, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri zomera (makamaka achinyamata).Kuonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa fruiting ndikukonzekera kupenda mafuta pokoka tizilombo todwalitsa m'munda. Pochita izi, nthawi yamaluwa, zomera zimatulutsidwa ndi yankho la boric acid (pafupifupi 2 g) ndi shuga (100 g okwanira), kuchepetsedwa mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mukhoza kuyika mitsuko ya uchi mumitengo (1 chikho cha madzi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa supuni 1). Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo topezako poizoni, kupopera mankhwala amathimita pamaluwa a m'mundamu ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.
Kuphatikizira ku malamulo osavutawa, mukhoza kukwaniritsa kuchokera kuminda yanu khola ndi zochuluka fruiting, ndipo onse amakulitsa nkhaka sizikhala zokoma zokha, komanso zothandiza.
