Anthu okonda Apple amakonda kwambiri zosiyanasiyana Kandil Orlovsky. Zili ndi ubwino wambiri ndipo zikhoza kukula m'madera osiyanasiyana.
M'nkhaniyi tidzakudziwitsani zomwe chipatso chikuwoneka, momwe mungasankhire mmera ndi kusamalira mtengo.
Mbiri yobereka
Zinyama zingatchedwe kuti achinyamata, monga zidakhazikitsidwa posachedwapa. Zinali zotsatira za ntchito yaikulu ya asayansi ya Institute All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops. Cholinga chinali kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakulire m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa mbewu za Welsey ndi Yonatani mitundu, zatsopano zakhala zikuchitika - "Kandil Orlovsky". Ntchitoyo inatsogoleredwa ndi Academician E. N. Sedov. Mayeso a kalasi a boma anayamba mu 1997, ndipo mu 2002 ilo linalowetsedwa m'ndandanda wa boma.
Zamoyo
"Kandil Orlovsky" ndiwotchuka kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wa apulo, kufotokozera, zithunzi ndi ndemanga zomwe mungapeze m'nkhaniyi, zimapezeka pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse ya chilimwe.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mtengo uli ndi msinkhu wautali, nthawi zina ukhoza kukula mpaka mamita asanu. Mitundu yamitengo imatha kukula mpaka mamita 3 Mpando wachifumu uli ndi mphamvu zambiri, mu mawonekedwe amakumbutsa malo. Nthambi zimachokera ku thunthu pafupi ndi maulendo abwino.
Ndikofunikira! Nthambi ndi zipatso zili zolemetsa, kotero zimatha. Pofuna kupewa izi, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe akukololedwa mutatha kukolola.Makungwa a mtengo ali ndi bulauni, yosalala. Mitengo ya Apple imakhala ndi mtundu wa fruiting. Kolchatka ikhoza kukhala yovuta kapena yosavuta.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Apple zipatso] ndilemera pafupifupi 120 g, koma nthawi zina pali zimphona zomwe zimafikira 170 g. Maapulo ali ndi mawonekedwe oblong-conical, otsetsereka pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Peel ndi yosalala, yowala bwino. Nthawi zina zikhoza kuonekera patina ya mtundu woyera, koma patapita nthawi imakhala mafuta.
Mtundu waukulu wa chipatsocho ndi wobiriwira-chikasu, ndipo coverlip ndi kapezi. Mbalame yofiira imaphimbidwa pafupi theka la apulo, koposa zonse izo zimafotokozedwa kumbali yomwe inatembenuzidwira dzuwa.
Mnofu wa chipatso ndi wofewa, wofesa pang'ono, wodetsedwa ndipo uli ndi mtundu woyera, koma pafupi ndi peelwo umakhala wobiriwira. Zipatso zili ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kowawasa komanso fungo losangalatsa. Mavitamini adawerenga kukoma kwa maapulo ndi mfundo 4.5, ndipo maonekedwewo anasonkhanitsa mfundo 4.7.
Kuwongolera
Zosiyanasiyana "Kandil Orlovsky" ali kudzikonda yekha. Mtengo wa Apple "Kandil Orlovsky" udzapereka zokolola zochuluka, ngati m'dera lanu pali "polono" Antonovka, "Afrolita", "Venyaminovsky", "Orlik" kapena "Freshness".
Nthawi yogonana
Nthawi yokolola imakhala pakati pa mwezi wa September. Ngati chilimwe sichinatenthe, nthawi ingasunthire kumapeto kwa mweziwo.
Pereka
"Kandil" amatanthauza mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zokolola za mtengo wa zaka zisanu zikhoza kukhala zoposa makilogalamu zana, mitundu yochepa yamera imapereka makilogalamu 130. Mtengo wa apulo umabala chipatso pachaka ndipo suli wotchulidwa nthawi.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu yaikulu kwambiri yomwe anaitenga kuchokera ku mtengo wazaka 15 inali 163 makilogalamu.Zipatso zimayamba kuphuka chaka cha 4-5, ndipo mitundu yosiyana siyana imabereka kale kale nyengo yachitatu. Pambuyo pa zaka 10, zokolola zimayamba kuchepa pang'ono.
Transportability ndi yosungirako
Maapulo ali ndi transportability yabwino. Mukhoza kusunga zipatso kwa miyezi 4-5, ndipo ngati mutapanga mikhalidwe yabwino kwa iwo, akhoza kutha mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja.
Zima hardiness
"Kandil" amatanthauza mitundu yopanda chisanu. Mtengo umatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 35 ° C. Izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa mtengo wa apulo m'dera lamkati.
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Chinthu chachikulu cha Candil ndi kukhalapo kwa chitetezo cha mthupi nkhanambo. Zosiyanasiyana zinamupeza iye chifukwa cha jini Vf. Izi zimapangitsa wamaluwa kusamalira ntchito ya munda mpaka osachepera. Komabe, mtengo usanayambe, zimalimbikitsa kupopera tizilombo motsutsana ndi tizirombo.
Ntchito
Zipatso za Candil zili ndi mavitamini C okhutira, choncho zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zatsopano. Zingathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zipatso zouma ndi kupanga: kupanga madzi, kuphika compote, odzola, vinyo, cider, kupanga kupanikizana. Zakudya za pectin zimapangitsa maapulo, jams, jellies ndi mousse ku maapulo. 
Ndikofunikira! Musanamalize feteleza, kuthirira mtengo ndi kovomerezeka. Manyowa a feteleza amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mzu, ndi mchere - pofuna kupopera mankhwala.Makhalidwe a mtengo wa apulo "Kandil Orlovsky" amatha kumvetsetsa mtundu wanji wa zosiyanasiyana. Zili ndi ubwino wambiri ndipo ndi chimodzi chazokulu kwambiri.
Malamulo ogula mbewu zabwino
Lero, pali njira zambiri zogula mbande: msika, kuswana, munda wamaluwa, intaneti.
Komabe, osati paliponse pamene mungagule zakuthupi zapamwamba kwambiri. Mwa kuyika dongosolo pa intaneti, mumakhala kovuta kupeza sapling, mwamtheradi osati ofanana ndi yomwe imasonyezedwa mu chithunzicho. Msikawu ukhozanso "kutaya" zinthu zokolola zoipa, ndipo simungathe kufufuza momwe mizu imakhalira, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pakagula.
Ndibwino kuti mupite ku malo osungirako ana kapena kumunda. Ubwino wokhala mtengo mmalo oterewu ndi kuti mmera umakumbidwa pa iwe, udzachotsa masamba osayenera ndikupanga mzuwo ndi chisakanizo chapadera. Kuonjezerapo, mungapeze malangizo othandiza pa kubzala ndi kusamalira mbande. Ndikofunika kwambiri kufufuza bwinobwino mizu ya mtengo. Kawirikawiri, muyenera kuwona mizu yolimba, yolimba ndi yunifolomu. Sikuyenera kuwonongeka pa iwo. Mukhoza kuyang'ana ngati ali owuma motere: pangani pang'ono pa msana, ngati nkhuni zoyera zikuwonekera - mizu ili bwino.
Pazitsulo pambali pasakhale zowola ndi mawanga owopsa. Mtengo wokwanira wa mmera ndi 1.5 mamita, thunthu ndilo, pali pafupi nthambi zisanu, makungwa amatha. Simukuyenera kusankha sapling molingana ndi mfundo "yowonjezera, yabwino", chifukwa imatenga gawo m'malo mwake. Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasankhire mbande za apulo.
Kubzala mbande za apulo
Musanayambe kubzala, m'pofunika kuti muphunzire zomwe zilipo. Tikufuna kuti mudziwe bwino.
Nthawi yabwino
Nthawi yoyenera yobzala mbande ndi yophukira. Sikoyenera kubwezeretsa mwambo umenewu mpaka masika, monga madontho a kutentha angasokoneze mtengo wa apulo ndikupanga mavuto ndi chitukuko chake ndi zokolola. 
Kusankha malo
Malo oti mutenge mtengo ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala kwambiri. Tikukulimbikitsani kutsata malangizo awa:
- Sankhani malo ndi kuyatsa bwino. Izi zidzachepetsa shuga zokhudzana ndi zipatso ndikuletsa kuchepa kwa zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Musanyalanyaze zipatso zazing'ono - ali ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi zakudya zambiri kuposa maapulo akuluakulu.
- Kusamba kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbande. Ngati sizingatheke kudzala mtengo pamalo amodzi, ndipo mukuganiza kuti madzi akutha, ndikofunikira kumanga ngalande yapadera. Njira ina ndiyo kudzala mtengo pa phiri. Ngati simukumbukira malangizowo, mungakumane ndi chiopsezo chokumana ndi zofooka za zomera ndi imfa yake.
- Sankhani malo omwe amamera pafupi ndi mtengo ndi mungu (komanso, mtengo wa apulo). Izi zidzakuthandizani kuonjezera zokolola.
- Kwa kubzala "Candil Orlovsky" kumafuna nthaka yozizira komanso yopuma. Chabwino loamy, mchenga wamchenga ndi nthaka yakuda. Ngati feteleza pachaka imatsimikiziridwa, mtengo ukhoza kubzalidwa pa nthaka ya mchenga.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Ndondomeko yoyenera kubzala apulo imayenera kutsata malangizo ndi sitepe. Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe:
- Choyamba, nkofunika kukonzekera maenje pasadakhale. Mzere wawo ukhale pafupifupi masentimita 80, kuya - 1 mamita. Kukonzekera koyambirira n'kofunikira kuti dziko lapansi likhazikike pang'ono. Kawirikawiri ndondomekoyi imachitidwa mwezi umodzi chisanafike.
- Ngati munasankha malo okhala pansi, perekani ngalande: muyenera kuyendetsa chingwe m'dzenje pafupifupi 1.5 mamita ndi kudzaza ndi zida.
- Ndiye mumayenera kuyendetsa galimoto kumtunda.
- Onetsetsani kuti mumere nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito kuvala pamwamba kuchokera ku peat, humus kapena mineral fertilizers.
- Ndiye malo enieni. Yambani mizu ya mtengo ndikuiyika pang'ono mu dzenje. Komabe, musazimbe mozama kwambiri: muzu wa mizu iyenera kukhala masentimita 7 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Onetsetsani mbiya kuti igwe msondodzi.
- Ndikofunika kukumba dzenje pamtengo - thunthu la thunthu. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi madzi okwanira. Mu dzenje, sungani nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala mtengo muyenera kupewa malo okhala pansi. Mtunda wovomerezeka wa madzi pansi ndi 2 mamita.Ngati mukufuna kukalima mitengo ingapo kamodzi, muyenera kumamatira kumalo ena. Mukamabzala mitengo mwachisokonezo, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita atatu, koma mamita asanu ndi atatu. Komabe, tikuyenera kuti titi timere mitengo imodzi - ndiye mtunda ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika 1.5-2 mamita. Zakudya zabwino, monga mizu yawo imatha kukhala mbali ziwiri zonse. Zimalimbikitsidwanso kupanga mzere m'njira yakuti mthunzi wa mtengo suwonekera pa mtengo pafupi ndi chomera chozungulira.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Kuti mtengo wa apulo upereke zokolola zabwino, kuti upangire osati kupweteka, uyenera kusamalira bwino.
Kuthirira
Madzi "Kandil Orlovsky" amalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Mtengo umodzi wachikulire umafuna ndowa ziwiri za madzi pa kuthirira. Ndi bwino kuswa madzi: kutsanulira chidebe chimodzi mu dzenje m'mawa ndi lachiwiri madzulo. Ndikofunika kwambiri kumvetsera njira ya ulimi wothirira m'nyengo yotentha. Pa nthawi ino, "Kandil" imayamba kubala zipatso ndi masamba omwe amawoneka pa nthambi, ndikupanga zokolola chaka chotsatira. Ngati chinyezi sichikwanira, n'zotheka kuchepetsa zokolola zonse pakali pano komanso chaka chamawa. Lekani kuthirira mu August. Nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira umadalira nyengo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apulo ili ndi zokolola zake - raentes, Melba, Sinap Orlovsky, Semerenko, Nedzwetskogo, Uralets, Imrus, Safironi ya Pepin, Purezidenti, Ndalama, Zamtengo wapatali - Koma ngati zimatsatiridwa mukhoza kusangalala ndi zokopa zosiyanasiyana komanso zokolola za apulo.
Mulching
Kugwiritsa ntchito mulching n'kofunika kwambiri posamalira mtengo. Mtengo wa masentimita asanu, womwe umatetezedwa mu dzenje, udzateteza kukula kwa namsongole, komanso udzasunga chinyezi. Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa chokhalira pansi nthaka idzakhala yosasunthika, ndipo kuwala kwa dzuwa kudzaonekera. Dothi la mulch limathandizira kukula kwa mizu yomwe imakhalapo, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha mtengo. Pofuna kuyendetsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito singano zowola, makungwa, udzu kapena utuchi.
Feteleza
Feteleza imalimbikitsidwa m'chaka. Pa nthawi yobzala, organic feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (5-15 makilogalamu / sq. M). Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere, urea (500 g) kapena ammonium nitrate ndi nitroammophoska.
Mukudziwa? Apple imadziwika ngati chipatso cha boma cha New York ndi Washington.
M'nyengo yophukira, feteleza akhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma ndi azitrogeni wopanda. Ngati chomeracho chibzalidwa panthaka yochuluka, kawirikawiri simuyenera kufesa nthaka, koma ngati mukubzala pa nthaka yosafunika mumayenera kuvala pamwamba pa chaka.
Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngati "Kandil" ikugwidwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda, nkofunikira kuwotcha masamba owonongeka ndi nthambi. Komanso nkofunikira kupopera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo. 
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda ndi kubereka kwa tizirombo, tikulimbikitsidwa:
- ndi kufika kwa kudulira kasupe kwa nthambi zouma ndi matenda;
- chotsani khungwa lakufa, lichen ndi moss ku trunk;
- onetsetsani mtengo wa apulo wa mikanda yobangula;
- kusonkhanitsa zipatso zakugwa ndi kuonongeka tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kudulira
Pochita bwino kudulira mitengo, mukhoza kusintha mlingo wa zokolola ndi shuga, kukula kwa chipatso, komanso kuteteza mtengo ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Tikukulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo othandiza:
- Kudzala mtengo wa apulo, muyenera kudula nthambi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Izi zidzathandiza kukhazikitsa korona.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kudula pamtengo nthawi yomweyo nthambi zambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mphukira kudulidwa sikuyenera kupitirira ¼ pa chiwerengero cha misa.
- Kudulira kuyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika, maluwa asanayambe kuphuka.
- Ngati kudulira kwathunthu kumachitika, nthambi ziyenera kudulidwa pansi.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Poyambira pa siteji, "Zelenushkas" ayenera kudula theka la zokolola, posankha zipatso zokhazokha, zomwe zimakhala masentimita angapo kukula kwake. Njirayi imatchedwa "zipatso zofunikira". Chifukwa cha izo, zipatso zidzakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, zidzakhala zokoma mu kukoma. Idzathandizanso mtengo wa apulo kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukulunga shtamb mothandizidwa ndi kuphimba zakuthupi kapena nylonyi. Zida zilizonse zomwe zimadutsa madzi ndi mpweya zidzachita.
Mukudziwa? Ma apulo ali ndi tinthu: Tengani kapu ndi chipatso chimodzi, ndipo mwamsanga mumamva mphamvu ndi mphamvu.Ngakhale kuti "Kandil" imatanthawuza mitundu yosasunthika ya chisanu, pofuna kuteteza chomera ku chisanu, m'pofunika kuti muzitha kuyendetsa ndi mahatchi a m'nyanja.
"Kandil Orlovsky" ndi mitundu yochititsa chidwi komanso yodzichepetsa ya maapulo, omwe, mosamala, amapereka zokolola zambiri. Chifukwa cha kukoma kokoma kwa zipatso, mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano ndikukonzekera zambiri zakonzekera nyengo yozizira.
