Uchi, mwinamwake, ndi imodzi mwa mphatso zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zachilengedwe, zomwe anthu akhala akudziwika ndi kuyamikira kale.
Kuweta Njuchi ndi ntchito yomwe imafuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza njuchi (pambuyo pa zonse, si njuchi zonse zingabweretse uchi), bungwe la banja la njuchi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Njuchi zakutchire
Thupi la tizilombo limakhala lopangidwa mwa magawo atatu: mutu, chifuwa ndi mimba.
Pamutu muli nyerere zamatake, maso awiri ndi maso atatu ophweka, zipangizo zam'kamwa. Antenna ndi ziwalo zofunikira zogwira ndikuthandizira kuyenda mu danga. Kamwa kapena proboscis ili ndi ziwalo zingapo: nsagwada zapamwamba ndi zamunsi, milomo yapamwamba ndi yotsika.
Ganizirani chigawo cha chifuwa, ndi mapiko angati omwe ali ndi njuchi. Iye ali ndi mapawiri awiri a mapiko a membrane: otsika ndi apamwamba. Mapiko apansi kumtunda ali ndi zikopa, zomwe zimatha kukwera mapiko.
Werengani zomwe mukufuna kudziwa poyamba mlimi woyamba.
Pamimba pali miyendo itatu ya miyendo. Mkati mwa miyendo muli ndi maburashi omwe antchito amatsuka munguwo, kuwukhazikitsa m'mabhasiketi. Mabasiketi ali pamapazi akuthwa. 
Tizilomboti tili ndi chigoba cholimba kwambiri (chofanana ndi khungu la munthu), chomwe chimateteza ziwalo za mkati kuchokera ku zowonongeka zosiyanasiyana kapena madontho otentha ndikupanga ntchito ya mafupa.
Kuwonjezera pa chivundikiro cholimba, thupi liri ndi tsitsi zambiri.
Chivundikiro cha tsitsi chimapanga ntchito zingapo zofunika:
- amateteza thupi kuti lisadetsedwe;
- akutumizira kusuntha mungu;
- Amawotcha tizilombo m'nyengo yozizira (njuchi zimakanikizana molimbika, zimapanga mtundu wa nsalu).
Mukudziwa? Mkazi wamasiye amatha kutchedwa mzimayi wamasiye wakuda, choncho atatha kukwatirana naye, mwamuna wamwalira, kusiya mbolo yake m'thupi la chiberekero.
Zizindikiro za ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe
N'zovuta kukhulupirira, koma ziwalo za mkati mwa uchi zimayambiranso kubwereza thupi la munthu: kupuma, kugaya, kayendedwe ka njuchi kamakula bwino, amakhala ndi mtima, ubongo, ndi zinthu zovuta.
Kudya
Ndondomeko yamagetsi imagawidwa m'magawo atatu:
- Dipatimenti yoyamba - mkamwa, pharynx, esophagus, honey goiter;
- wachiwiri - m'mimba;
- lachitatu - matumbo.
Mtengowu umapitilizidwa ndi mayendedwe, omwe ali m'dera la thoracic; mimba, kukulitsa, imapanga goiter kuti yosungirako uchi. Chiwalo ichi mu mawonekedwe opanda kanthu chiri ndi mphamvu ya masentimita 14 mm, koma mothandizidwa ndi minofu, pokhala yodzaza, imatambasula katatu kapena kanayi. Ndi chithandizo cha minofu yomweyi kupyolera mu mayendedwe ndi proboscis, goiter imatulutsa zomwe zili kunja.
Chotsatira chimabwera mimba, makamaka - ichi ndi matumbo, momwe njira ya chimbudzi imayambira.
Nthambi yachitatu - Matumbo amavomerezedwa ndi mabala awiri: owonda ndi owongoka. Kagawo kamene kali ndi zowonjezera zakudya zowonjezera, zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimachotsedwa ndi kutuluka kwa nthawi yaitali mwa kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zina zotsutsana kuchokera ku glands.
Kupuma
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi mphamvu yopuma yotentha pafupifupi thupi lonse.
Kupuma mkati kudzera m'mabwalo ambiri mu thupi.: awiri awiri pa chifuwa ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi pamimba. M'mipirayiyi, mpweya umadutsa pamutu, kuyeretsa, kulowa m'matumba a mlengalenga ogwirizana, kenako mpweya umatengedwa kudzera mu thupi lonse. Kutulutsa mpweya kumachitika kudzera m'mipira yachitatu yomwe ili m'dera la thoracic.
Kupsinjika Mtima
Mtima wa njuchi wa njuchi umakhala ngati chubu chokhalapo, chiwalo chimayenda kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kumutu kupyola gawo lonse la mmwamba la thupi, aorta ili m'dera la thoracic.
Hemolymph ndi minofu yosakanikirana yamagazi m'malo mwa magazi mu tizilombo, kwenikweni, plasma yomwe imagwira ntchito yomweyo monga magazi a munthu. Mavavu a mtima amadutsa hemolymph kuchokera pamimba mpaka pamutu, ndipo zitsulo zam'mimba ndi thoracic zimayendera yunifolomu yomwe ilipo tsopano. Kuchulukira kwa mtima kwa mwana wokhala ndi bata - 60-70 kugunda pamphindi, ndege ikangowonjezera kufika 150.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zopezeka njuchi ndi uchi, ndipo zimakhala zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, monga acacia, mthethe, coriander, buckwheat, laimu, fatselium, rapesed, woyera, ngakhalenso zakutchire.
Ziwalo zoganiza
Njuchi ili ndi maso asanu omwe amawona madigiri 360 akudzizungulira okha komanso zonse pamwamba ndi pansi. 
Diso lirilonse limawona zomwe ziri patsogolo pake, ndipo onse pamodzi amawona zomwe akuwona mu chithunzi chimodzi. Masomphenya amatchedwa mosaic, monga maso awiri ophatikizana ali ndi maulendo 4-10,000 (malingana ndi mamembala a caste). Masomphenya awa amakulolani kuti muwone kutsogolera kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi kuzindikira malo a dzuwa, ngakhale mvula yamvula.
Chifukwa cha kununkhiza ndi kugwira ndizitsulo zomwe ziri pamutu ndi mbali ya tsitsi lophimba thupi. Nyenyezi zimathandizanso njuchi kudziwa nyengo: kutentha, chinyezi. Mavitamini akupezeka pa paws, antenna, proboscis ndi mmero. Tizilomboti tilibe makutu, koma imamva. Malo otsegulira amapezeka m'madera ena a thupi ndi miyendo.
Mukudziwa? Khungu la zisa ndilopangidwe kamangidwe kameneka, hexagon yokhala ndi ziŵerengero zenizeni ndi mazing'ono ofanana.
Zochitika pa moyo
Banja la njuchi ligawanika kukhala atatu a castes: chiberekero, drones ndi ogwira ntchito. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi chosiyana kwa aliyense. Nkhumba zambiri zimakhala zotani: mfumukazi imakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, drones imatha pafupi masabata asanu, antchito amatha masabata asanu ndi atatu.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, chiberekero chimayika mazira, mphutsi zimaonekera mkati mwa masiku atatu. Mphutsi imadyetsedwa ndi njuchi zogwirira ntchito kwa masiku pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi. Kenaka mphutsi mothandizidwa ndi Sera imatsekedwa mu selo, komwe amaphunzira - amatembenukira ku tizilombo akuluakulu. 
Zimatengera pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi awiri, ndipo imago ikuwoneka - munthu yemwe amasiyana ndi wamkulu ndipo amapanga njuchi yekha mu khungu lake lofiira. Ntchito yake ndi kudyetsa ana, "kuyeretsa" mng'oma ndikuchita ntchito zina za "banja".
Mumng'oma mumakhala olamulira okhazikika. Udindo wa chiberekero waperewera kwa ana komanso kubwezeretsedwa kwa banja la njuchi. Ikhoza kuchoka mumng†™ oma pokhapokha panthawi yochepa.
Drones - amuna, ndi aakulu, alibe mbola.
Ntchito yawo mu mng'oma ndi umuna wa chiberekero. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwamsanga mutatha kukwatira drones amafa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha drones chimabadwira ming'oma kusiyana ndi zofunikira kuti zikhazikike ndi chiberekero, choncho iwo omwe sagwirizane nawo akuchotsedwa m'banja.
Antchito ndi akazi.. Zitsanzo zimenezi zimagwira ntchito yonse "kunyumba" ndi kupitirira. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimatanganidwa kukonza ming'oma komanso kusamalira mphutsi, komanso kusamalira timadzi tokoma timene timayang'ana mumng'oma, kuyang'anira, kumanga, kuteteza banja.
Ambiri amitundu ya uchi zomera
Mitengo ya uchi ndi ya mitundu yosiyana, yosiyana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake pakuwoneka ndi zina zofunikira mu chitukuko ndi ntchito ya moyo.
Talingalirani otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo:
- European dark - mtundu wofala kwambiri. Iye ali ndi thupi lalikulu lamdima ndi proboscis lalifupi. Uchi umene umatulutsa ndi mitundu yobiriwira. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala yosautsa, ikuwoneka ngati yamwano. Zina mwa makhalidwe abwino a m'banja ndizoletsedwa ndi matenda, kubereka, ndi kusamalidwa kwa nyengo. Banja limodzi mu nyengo imabweretsa makilogalamu 30 a uchi.
- Chiyukireniya steppe. Zing'onozing'ono, mtundu wambiri wachikasu, khalidwe labwino, osati laukali. Kukaniza kuzizira ndi matenda. Panthawiyi, banja limakula mpaka makilogalamu 40 a uchi, omwe amafanizitsa ndi mitundu ina.
Onani mitundu yambiri ya njuchi, ndipo mupeze kusiyana pakati pa njuchi.
- Caucasus Kukula kuli kofanana ndi mtundu wa Chiyukireniya, mtundu wa thupi ndi imvi ndi wachikasu. Zimasiyanitsa ndi proboscis yaitali, zokhoza kufika ku timadzi timene timatulutsa ngakhale makapu a maluwa. Kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ngakhale kugwira ntchito mu dzenje, kulimbana ndi matenda, koma okwiya. Kukonzekera kwa banja limodzi - mpaka makilogalamu 40.
- Chiitaliya Amatumizidwa kuchokera ku Apennines, ali ndi mimba yayitali yaitali, mimba yachikasu ndipo amalengeza mphete pambali pa thupi lonse. Ndi yotetezeka komanso yoyera, imapha njenjete, kuwononga ming'oma, mosamala bwino ming†™ oma, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pamagulu ake. Amatha kuthana ndi matendawa, koma zokolola zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mitundu ina.
- Chomera cha uchi cha Carpathian ali ndi imvi, osati nkhanza, ndi yotchuka ndi alimi. Zambirimbiri, kukana kutentha, kukolola kwabwino - kufika 40 makilogalamu.
Malamulo okhudzidwa kwambiri
Kuweta Njuchi kumafuna kudziwa zochepa za kapangidwe ka njuchi, zosowa zawo, kuyambira pa malo a "nyumba" ndi makonzedwe ake.
Malo
Malo owetera njuchi amaikidwa pamalo owuma, otetezedwa kumadera a mphepo, ndi zofunika kuwateteza pobzala zitsamba. Pa malo anabzala zomera uchi zomera.
Ndikofunikira! Sizingatheke kukonza njuchi pafupi ndi misewu ndi mafakitale: m'mbali yoyamba mtunda wa mamita mazana asanu, m'chiwiri - mpaka makilomita asanu.
Malamulo okonza kunyumba kwa njuchi
Nyumba za mng'oma zimayikidwa pamtunda wa mamita atatu kuchokera mzake, mamita khumi pakati pa mizere. Pozindikira njuchi za nyumba zawo iwo amajambula mu mithunzi yoyera, yachikasu kapena ya buluu.
Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, mawindo a "nyumba" amatsekedwa ndi galasi yabwino. Malo owetera njuchi amakhala ndi oledzera, tizilombo, nawonso ali ndi ludzu.
Malamulo okula
Kumayambiriro (April - May), isanayambe kubwezeretsedwa, nyumba za njuchi zimatetezedwa, zimagwiranso ntchito ndi zipangizo ndi zovala zomwe mlimi amachita ndi ward.
Kukhazikika kwa mabanja kumatenga nthaŵi yotentha ndi kutentha kosachepera 10 ° C kutentha, kufooketsa mabanja kugwirizanitsa, nyumba zawo zimatenthedwa. Pafupi ndi timadzi timadzi tokoma, njuchi zimayesedwa chifukwa cha matenda otheka kapena tizilombo mumng'oma.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire njuchi ndi manja anu.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, mumayenera kukonzanso zida zodzazidwa ndi uchi ndi zatsopano panthawi yake, kukulitsa ma ward kuti athandize.
Mu kugwa, dzombe likukonzekera nyengo yozizira ndi kudyetsedwa. Zakudyazo ndi uchi, perga kapena madzi a shuga. Kukonzekera madzi, shuga ndi shuga zimatenga ziwiri ndi imodzi. 
Poyeretsa ming'oma, anthu akufa amawotchedwa.
M'madera ambiri, njuchi zingakhale zoopsa kwa nyama ndi anthu.
Kusuntha kumachitika pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- zaka zolemekezeka za chiberekero (zaka 4);
- Ngati mpweya uli wosweka mu chisa, pali kutentha;
- chiberekero chimapereka pheromone yapadera, panthawiyi pali zowonjezera (drones zopanda mphamvu), zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda kapena ukalamba wa chiberekero.
Ntchitoyi ingadziwike bwino ndi zotsatirazi:
- antchito ayamba kugwira ntchito yomanga maselo wamasiye;
- Palibe kuchoka kumeneku kumakhala ndi timadzi tokoma, chifukwa chaichi, chiberekero chimachepa, chifukwa sichidyetsedwa;
- chiberekero chofooka sichimaika mazira ndi kuchepa kwambiri mu kukula ndi kulemera kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa kuthamanga, mlimi ayenera kukonza nthawiyo (masiku khumi asanatengeke). Ngati ming†™ oma ili padzuwa, amafunika kutumizidwa kumthunzi. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo muyenera kupanga chiwembu ndi uchi molimba kuti musokoneze ma ward ndi ntchito.
Kodi uchi wokometsera thupi umasiyana bwanji ndi zakutchire?
Tidzatha kudziwa kusiyana kwa msungwana, kuzindikira ngati munthu wam'nyumba kapena wam'tchire ali patsogolo panu.
Anthu achilengedwe a kukula pang'ono ndi zochepa.. Iwo sangakhoze kukopa chidwi kwa iwo okha, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi makope apakhomo, palibe yemwe angateteze iwo, kotero iwo ali achisoni kwambiri.
Njuchi zakutchire zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, zimaphimba patali kufunafuna timadzi timene timapanga uchi. Matupi awo amatha kupirira matenda ndipo amatha kukhala ndi chisanu mpaka 50 ° C.
Nyama zakutchire zimakhazikika ndi kukonza njuchi makamaka m'mitengo ya mitengo kapena m'mabwinja. Mangani zisa zawo pamtunda, pogwiritsa ntchito phula ngati "simenti". Popeza mulibe mafelemu m'zisa zawo, mawonekedwe a maselo ndi amodzi.
Njuchi ndi antchito ogwira ntchito mwakhama, amatha ulendo wamtunda kukatenga ndi kupereka timadzi tokoma. Kumvetsera mwachidwi ndi kuwaganizira kumapereka ndalama zambiri.
