"Kuthamanga Kwakuyambirira" ndikumayimira bwino mphesa zamphesa, zosiyana ndi kukoma kokongola ndi makhalidwe apadera.
Odzichepetsa odziŵerengera mosavuta amazoloŵera monga kum'mwera, ndi kumpoto.
Mbiri
"Kukula koyambirira" kunachokera posachedwa - zaka zoposa 10 zapitazo ndi mmodzi mwa oyamba oyambitsa ulimi, Viktor Nikolayevich Krasnov. Wodziwika bwino wotchuka amateur analimbikitsa kwambiri popititsa patsogolo viticulture. 
Poyamba, mawonekedwe osakanizidwawa adatchedwa "Novocherkassk Red", ndipo kenako adapatsidwa code 1-12. Zikudziwika kuti dzina la "Gourmet" linaperekedwa ndi Viktor Nikolayevich ku mitundu isanu ya mphesa, ndipo anagwidwa ndi kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "kishmish" komanso "chiwombankhanga" - "Oyambirira", "Graceful", "Raduzhny", "Gourmet" ndi "Flashlight". Nkhumba zimasiyana mosiyana ndi mtundu wa zipatso, ndipo zimakhala zofanana ndi zokometsetsa zoyambirira.
Dziwani za mphesa zotere monga "Arcadia", "Moldova", "Choyambirira", "Chisangalalo", "Talisman", "Tason", "Cardinal".
Mu 2006, "gourmet" inadziwika kuti inali yolonjeza kuti kulima kumadera akum'mwera a Russia, Ukraine ndi Moldova.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha fructose komanso shuga m'mphesa, ntchito yake imathandiza kuti ubongo ukhale wabwino.
Malongosoledwe ndi zizindikiro zosiyana za zosiyanasiyana
Mphesa "kumayambiriro koyambirira" kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana (onani chithunzi), malinga ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa:
- kuphuka koyamba (kukula nyengo miyezi 4-4.5);
- chisanu kukana -23 ° C;
- nutseg kukoma kwa zipatso;
- timagulu timene timagwiritsa ntchito;
- gulu lolemera lingakhale la 600 mpaka 1600 g;
- mabala oblong;
- mtundu wa zipatso ndi pinki yofiira;
- kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi akuchokera ku 7 mpaka 11 g.
Kutha msinkhu "kutsika" masiku 120 okha. Kuyambira pachimake kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, mphesa zikhoza kuphulika kumadera akummwera kwa theka la mwezi wa August. Kumadera akummwera, kulima kotentha kapena kukulitsa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira kumalimbikitsidwa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kusamba popanda chitsamba, choncho ndikofunikira kuti mukolole mbewu ikadzala. Komabe, mphesa zikhoza kusungidwa, pansi pa nyengo yabwino, mpaka kumapeto kwa masika. Kuonjezerapo, wosakanizidwa amalingalira kuti ndi imodzi mwa matenda opatsirana kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! "Gourmet" imatulutsa mimba yokhayokha, choncho imayambitsa mungu ndi chithandizo cha zomera zoyandikana ndi maluwa kapena amuna amaluwa.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Kudziwa zinthu zina za kulima "koyambirira", mungathe kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino. Mukaika mphukira m'munda wamunda, muyenera kukumbukira za momwe mumabzala mphesa, monga kuunikira ndi nthaka.
Kuunikira
Mphesa ndi chomera chachikondi. Kulephera kwa kuwala kumabweretsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yoyenera ya masamba, kubzala masamba, zipatso zochepa ndi kukaniza matenda.
Sikoyenera kulima mbewu pakati pa mitengo ya zipatso. Ndibwino kuti mupange minda ya mpesa kuti mutenge malo abwino kwambiri tsiku lonse.
Zinthu zabwino zowunikira chitsamba zimapezeka:
- ndilikulingalira bwino kwambiri;
- Kusungidwa kwa mphukira pa trellis;
- kukonza tchire;
- nthawi yake garter, kudulira ndi pasynkovane nthambi.
Ndikofunikira! Mtundu wa thermophilic umasankha kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera kwa kubzala, ndipo kusowa kwa masiku a dzuwa kungapangitse kusasaka bwino kwa mbeu.
Zosowa za nthaka
Chinthu chachikulu chodzala ndi nthaka yachonde pazitsamba zazing'ono. Ngati mvula imagwa, chomera chiyenera kutetezedwa ku kuvunda.
Musanadzale mbande m'nthaka ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chophatikizidwa chilimbikitsidwa. M'tsogolomu, chomera chikhoza kudyetsedwa mizu ndi foliar feteleza. Mitundu yonse ya feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito dzuŵa litalowa, motsogoleredwa ndi dzuwa nthawi zonse amatha kutentha feteleza pamwamba pa mbeu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti dothi liyenera kukhala lopsa mtima. Pakakhala nyengo yozizira modzidzimutsa pambuyo pa kukwera kwa "gourmet" pansi, tizidulo timayenera kuphimbidwa kuti tipewe kuzizira.
Kubzala mitundu "oyambirira kwambiri"
Mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, kuphatikizapo "yopambana", imafalikira ndi kudula. Chikhalidwe chimatengapo bwino ngati zikutsatiridwa ndi zina mwa zofika.
Mukudziwa? Alimi akuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kudzala mphesa m'malo amtunda wa masamba a parsley. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Cuttings kwa kubzala nthawi yokolola kudulira m'chaka. Pakuti kukula kwake kwa mphukira kudula mu masentimita 35 ndi masamba asanu payekha. Mapeto a mbande akugwedezeka mu parafini yosungunuka, atakulungidwa kuzungulira zidutswazo ndi nsalu yonyowa yonyowa, amaikidwa pamalo amdima ozizira.
Pafupi mwezi umodzi, kubzala zinthu kumatulutsidwa, kudula mapeto ndikupanga mabowo angapo pansi pa nthambi. Mwa izi, mizu idzapitiriza kukula. Pambuyo pake, mbande zimayikidwa masiku atatu mu njira yothetsera uchi (supuni 2 za uchi pa 2 malita a madzi).
Phunzirani komanso malangizo othandiza pa autumn ndi kasupe kubzala mphesa.
Nthawi
Anabzala cuttings mu miphika ndi munda nthaka ndi kuchoka bwino anayatsa chipinda pa kutentha kwa 18 ° C. Pakatha masabata anai okwanira (kamodzi pa masiku atatu), masambawo adzaphulika ndipo masamba adzawoneka.
Mu nthaka yotseguka, mbande zowera zimabzalidwa mu Meyi, mu nthaka yotentha kufika 12-15 ° C.
Kulowera
Zomera zamasamba zimakhala zakuya masentimita 50 pamtunda wa osachepera 3 mamita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Pambuyo pa mbande zimakhazikitsa chithandizo, ndi nthaka, yomwe imakwirira zowonjezereka, zokhala ndi mulch.
Kenaka, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi zojambulazo. Izi zidzathandiza nthaka kutentha mofulumira, ndipo mulch, nayenso, ikuwonongeka, idzapereka kutentha kwina.
Ndikofunikira! Simungabzalidwe mphukira zazing'ono za mtundu wosakanizidwa m'malo mwa mphesa zotsitsika kwa zaka zitatu. Mphesa yamphesa imachotsa malowa, ndikuchotsa mchere wothandiza. Pa chifukwa ichi, nyama zinyama zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakula bwino.
Maphunziro a Gulu
Zophatikiza "zoperewera" sizidzichepetsa mosamalitsa pomupatsa madzi okwanira, feteleza ndi kudulira.
Kuthirira
Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira mutabzala kuthirira mphesa amafunika. Ndikofunika kumasula nthaka kuti imve bwino chinyezi ndi mizu ndikulepheretsa kuvunda.
Zouma chilimwe chimatanthauza mulching wa mphesa kusunga chinyezi ndi kukhalabe ndi microclimate yabwino.
Pakatikati pa chilimwe, kuthirira kwabwino kumayenera kuimitsidwa kuti alole chipatso kuti chidzaze ndi shuga.
Werengani za kusamalira mphesa mu kugwa.
Feteleza
Feteleza ndilofunikira kuti mbeu itabzalidwe. Asanayambe maluwa, wosakanizidwa ayenera kuperekedwa ndi phosphate ndi potashi zowonjezera. Pambuyo pa mapeto a maluwa, mphesa ziyenera kumangidwa ndi manganese, nthaka ndi chitsulo. Choncho chomeracho chidzaperekedwa ndi chitetezo champhamvu ndipo sichidzapezeka ndi matenda. 
Mu kugwa, hybrid imasowa feteleza, zomwe zimayambitsa zowonjezera monga ndowe za ng'ombe kapena nkhuku manyowa. Pa nthawi yachisanu, zidzathandiza nthaka kudzaza ndi zakudya.
Kudulira
Kukolola chikhalidwe kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, nyengo isanayambe. 
Ndikofunikira kupulumutsa zomera kwa onse omwe anaphedwa m'nyengo yozizira ya mphukira, kudula mpesa ku zisanu. Pa chitsamba sayenera kukhala oposa 35 maso.
Momwe mungatetezere mphesa ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitengo ya mphesa yoyamba imakhala yovuta kwambiri ku mildew ndi kuvunda kwa imvi. Komabe, achinyamata ndi ofooka tchire amakhala ndi matenda monga powdery mildew ndi oidium. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa zipatso ndi masamba amapanga imvi patina. Kupewera kwapakati ndi mankhwala a sulufule komanso zamkuwa, komanso fungicides, kudzakuthandizani kulimbana ndi matenda omwewo.
Ndikofunikira! Mwa mitundu yonse ya hybrids "gurman" amalingalira kuti ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri ku matenda a minda ya mpesa.
Popanda kudulira mosasamala ndi kuwononga mipesa, mphesa zingabweretse chiwombankhanga, chomwe chimakhudza zipatso, masamba, ndi mbewu. Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi ndi zipatso zimauma, ndipo masamba ali ndi mawanga ofiira. Madera okhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa ndi kutenthedwa, ndipo wosakanizidwa amachizidwa ndi zosakaniza zoteteza mkuwa wa sulphate kapena nitrophene.
Popeza kuti "mwakuya" amayamba kugwidwa ndi mphesa ndi akangaude, m'pofunika kuteteza chikhalidwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi acaricides.
Ndikofunika kuti mwachangu muzitha kupopera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides ndi biologics. Kugwiritsira ntchito chida cha tizilombo sitiyenera kuiwala kuti pambuyo mvula imatsukidwa ndipo zina zowonjezera zimafunika.
Zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakopa mbalame ndi tizilombo towononga. Kuti muteteze kuukiridwa kwa mbalame, mungagwiritse ntchito galasi losokoneza. Chotsani tizilombo tomwe sitikufuna kungakuthandizeni pa nthawi yake.
Mukudziwa? Nkhosa zoyamba za mphesa ndi abulu. Amuna a mindawo adazindikira kuti tchire zomwe zidadya nyama, m'chaka chotsatira zinayamba kubereka zipatso zambiri kuposa ena.
Kodi ndikusowa malo ogonera?
Kutentha kwa chisanu cha mitundu iyi ya mphesa ndi kochepa - kufika pa -23 ° C. Pankhaniyi, m'nyengo yozizira, "bwino" ndi bwino kukuphimba.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuteteza processing, kudula ndi kudyetsa. Ndiye mumayenera kukhala ndi malo osungiramo nkhono ndi kukwera kumtunda, malinga ndi nyengo ya dera lanu.
M'madera ena ozizira kumpoto, "gourmet" amamera m'mabotolo okha. 
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Mphesa "oyambirira kwambiri" imasiyanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa wamaluwa.
Pakati pa ubwino wa okonda juicy zipatso amati:
- kusamba msanga kwa chikhalidwe;
- zokolola zolimba ndi zolemera;
- chithandizo;
- kukoma kosazolowereka kwa zipatso;
- akulonjeza kwambiri kwa aliyense payekha komanso kulima kwakukulu.
Kuwala, chokoma, kucha kucha, popanda vuto lililonse, "mphesa zakuda" mphesa zoyambirira zimakondedwa ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo osapindulitsa. Powasamalira bwino, chomeracho chidzabwezeretsa okonda mphesa ndi kukolola kwake kwakukulu.
