Anthu okhala m'madera akulu nthawi zambiri amayang'ana "makina ochepa". Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kolemba kale, ndipo tekitalayi ili pafupi kwambiri pa webusaitiyi. Zoonadi, ndikufuna kuti zipangizozi zizigwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Timaphunzira zambiri za momwe tingasankhire mlimi wokhala ndi nyumba yayikulu ya dziko.
Mitundu ya alimi
Msika umapereka kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Sizingatheke kuti tisankhe mwamsanga gulu lonseli, choncho tidzakambirana njira zazikuluzikulu zoterezi. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zosavuta.
Dzanja likugwira
Izi ndizo zotsika mtengo kwambiri zomwe aliyense angathe kuchita. Iwo ali ndi dongosolo lophweka lomwe limapangitsa kukonzanso. 
Kuphatikizako bwino ndizithunzi zochepa zomwe zimalola kugwira ntchito pafupifupi kumbali zonse za m'mundamo (kumene zipangizo zamagalimoto sizigwira ntchito). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapiri a Alpine, mabedi a maluwa, pafupi ndi mpanda.
Pofuna kulima malo ang'onoang'ono, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito fosholo ya Krot ndi mlimi wamtundu wotchedwa Tornado.
Zida zamakono zili mitundu iwiri:
- Rotary (iwo ndi nyenyezi). Ndipotu, ndizitsulo zokhala ndi ma disk. Chifukwa cha mapeto ake osakanikirana, wolimidwayo amapita pansi, amawunyamulira ndi kuwutembenuza. Zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mpeni wa weeding (namsongole amakololedwa nthawi yomweyo). Njira yabwino kwa nthaka yofewa ndi minda yokhala ndi mabedi akulu - nkhaka, mbatata ndi mbewu zina. Kugwira nawo ntchito ndi yabwino chifukwa chogwira ntchito yaitali.
- Rippers. Chida chokhala ndi katundu wolemetsa, malo ovuta omwe asterisk sichinawatenge kale. Mfundoyi ndi yosavuta - chogwirizanitsa chomwecho, koma ndi 3-5 nsonga zakuthwa. Mukamagwira ntchito, muyenera kuchita masewera akuluakulu ndipo mutsimikizire mwakachetechete chipangizo ichi pansi, osaiwala kukoka njira yanu. Zimapangidwa zonse m'munda wamaluwa (nsonga yaitali, mano asanu), komanso zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zogwiritsira ntchito zobiriwira - zili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono atatu ndi "wothandizira" wamfupi.
Alimi
Zomangamanga zonse za mtundu umenewu zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi kulemera ndi mphamvu.
Amwini ang'onoang'ono, koma "malo otukuka" amapezeka kawirikawiri amayang'ana magalimoto osaŵerengeka. Iwo ndi injini 2.5-4.5 hp, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 20-40 kg.
Kukonzekera kwa ntchito pa munda wa dacha ndi woyang'anira munda kumafunika zida zapadera:
Malo abwino kwambiri a zipangizo zoterezi ndi dacha pafupifupi mahekitala 10 ndi nthaka yabwino komanso yokonzedwa bwino. Monga zosankha, nthawi zambiri phirili limaperekedwa, kudula m'mayenje.
Zina mwa zofooka, kufunika kwa kupuma kwafupipafupi ndi makina a robot akudziwika - "kupunthira" popanda kuphwanya, motokomo imatayika.
Mukudziwa? Cholondola "Mole" chinayamba kumasula zaka zoposa 30 zapitazo. - mu 1983, makope oyambirira anachoka ku fakitale ya Moscow. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, kupanga zinthu kunali kovuta ku Omsk.Kuchokera ku banja la alimi owala amasonyezanso gulu la zipangizo zing'onozing'ono. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, amatha kuyenda, koma ofooka (mpaka 3 hp) motere amachepetsa kukula kolima. Kwa munda wosasamalidwa iwo sangakwanitse, koma kwa wowonjezera kutentha adzakhala bwino.
Zamagulu apakati ali amphamvu kwambiri: 4.5-6 "akavalo" okhala ndi makilogalamu 40-60. Adzayang'anizana ndi nthaka dongo, koma n'zosatheka kulima namwali nthaka chifukwa chophweka. Pano (monga mwa njira zowala), odulirawo amachita gawo limodzi - amamasula ndi kusuntha makina patsogolo. Kuphimba chovuta, muyenera kutsitsa galimotoyo mamita angapo.Zimathandizira ntchito yothandizira. Chida cha zipangizo ndi chodabwitsa - kuwonjezera pa chikondwerero cha hiller, chimatha kukhala ndi mvula, harrow ndi pulawo.
"Pamwamba" ya mtundu uliwonse wa mtundu uliwonse ndi olemera kwambiri (mpaka 9 hp). Povomerezeka, mukhoza kutsutsa mfundo ngati mphamvu yaikulu ndi kulima mozama, mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito monga khama ndi mphira wothirira, komanso kutumiza katundu. Zitsanzo zina za gawoli mutagwirizanitsa ndi ngolo ingatengeko ndalama zokwana 500-700 makilogalamu. 
Ndikofunikira! Zida zomwe zili ndi injini zoyaka moto zimapangidwira kunja. Mukamayendetsa mlimi wotereyo kukhala wowonjezera kutentha, mumatha kuwononga zomera ndi kutulutsa mpweya woopsa.Pali zovuta. Ichi ndi choyamba, kulemera kwakukulu - kuchokera pa makilogalamu 60 (ambiri a iwo ngakhale "adalumpha" peresenti). Ena amasokonezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta ndi kugwedeza. Zoona, zimalipidwa ndi zokolola zokhazikika komanso ntchito yanthaŵi yaitali pa dothi lililonse.
Palinso gawo lina - ndi mtundu wa injini ndi mphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zonse zopangidwira za mtundu uwu zingagawidwe m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Zosakayikanso. Kwa m'mphepete mwathu ndizosatheka. Beteli imayenera kulimbidwa bwino, ndipo zolephera zonse pa "recharge" zingathe kuchepetsa kwambiri zowonjezera.
- Magetsi. Magalimoto abwino, koma "kusiyana" kumakhala kutalika kwa chingwe. Kugwira ntchito ndi munda pafupi ndi nyumba ndi koyenera, pena paliponse palibe phindu kuchokera kwa iwo (pokhapokha pali jenereta lamphamvu yomwe ili pafupi).
- Ndi injini zoyaka mkati. Chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri. Paliponse paliponse - kuchokera kudera laling'ono kumidzi kupita ku minda. Maunitelowa ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amawagula.
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana pakusankha wakulima
Alimi omwe ali ndi injini zoyaka moto amawakonda omwe amafunika kukonza mwamsanga malo akuluakulu. Koma musanagule, ndibwino kukumbukira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipangizo zawo, chifukwa ndi nthawi yomwe muyenera kumvetsera posankha motolopaty.
Injini
"Mtima" wa unit ungakhale 2-kapena 4-kupweteka. Chimodzi mwa mitundu iyi chili ndi zizindikiro zake. Mwachitsanzo, injini ziwiri zobaya:
- Zambiri zimapezeka.
- Mphamvu zoposa machitidwe anayi a miyeso yofanana.
- Ndi odalirika komanso osungika.
- Zama mtengo panthawi yokonza yokhazikika.
Mukudziwa? Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "nkhalango," yomwe ikuyenera kukhala yovuta kwambiri. - kuchuluka kwa stumps ndi dothi la miyala. Ndizowona kuti zambiri mwazigawozi zimapangidwa ndi khama limodzi la Swedish "Bracke nkhalango".Ndi magalimoto omwe nthawi zambiri amagulidwa ndi iwo omwe amathetsa vuto - momwe angasankhire alimi wabwino ndi wosavuta kuti apereke.
Koma pali ziganizo zina. Mwina chachikulu ndicho kusankha mafuta komanso kukonzekera kusakaniza. Muyenera kugula mafuta apamwamba ("A-95") ndi kusakaniza ndi mafuta oyenera molingana ndi malangizo. Ena amanyalanyaza lamulo lophweka ndi kutsanulira "makumi asanu ndi anayi mphindi" kuphatikizapo mafuta kuchokera mu mbiya mu garaja. Chotsatira chake, alimi akhoza kupita kumalo osungirako katundu - kukonzanso ndi okwera mtengo.Zigawo zinayi ndi ma unit ang'onoang'ono komanso olemera. Iwo ndi:
- Khalani ndi zothandiza kwambiri.
- Ntchito yolimbika komanso yaitali.
- Musamafunike nthawi yayitali kuti muzizira. Zokwanira ndi mphindi zochepa.
- Ndi bwino kukulitsa odulidwa (kumakhudza kwambiri kulemera).
- Musati mufunire nthawi zonse kutsanulira kusakaniza.
Ndikofunikira! Musagwire mlimiyo ndi odulidwa kutsogolo - Muyenera kugwira chigwirizano ndi manja awiri komanso mwakhama kwambiri, osaiwala kusintha momwe mukulima. Mabaibulo a kuwala, amatha kuika mbuzi pamtunda wolimba, ndipo amayenera kukankhira pamwamba.Ife tikudziwa kale za kudalira kwathunthu kwa kusinthana kwa processing pa injini ya mphamvu. Koma zimakhudza malo akuti "catch". Choncho, mahekitala asanu ndi awiri (5-7 hp) adzakhala okwanira. Madera akuluakulu (mahekitala 4-5) adzafuna injini yokhala ndi mahatchi 9. M'munda waung'ono mungathe kukhala nawo ndi "mahatchi" 3-4.
Gearbox
Chofunika kwambiri ndiko kutumizira mkombero kuchokera pamoto kupita ku magudumu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira kudzera mu clutch. Udindo wapadera umaperekedwa ku bokosi lamasewera - muzinthu zambiri kudalirika kwa chigawo chonse ndi dongosolo lake lonse kumadalira pa izo. 
Kusagwirizana kwakukulu kumayambitsidwa ndi vuto, mtundu wa kuchepetsa ndi wabwino, makina otchuka kapena nyongolotsi yaing'ono. Tidzayesera kufotokoza, osaiwala zina zomwe mungasankhe.
Makhalidwe a kutumizidwa kwa makina:
- Imayikidwa pa injini yokhala ndi yopingasa yopingasa.
- Icho chiri ndi zothandiza kwambiri.
- Angakhale olimba kapena ogwirizana. Pachiwiri chachiwiri, zimakhala zosavuta kusunga izi (kuwonongeka kungathe kukhazikitsidwa ndi manja anu).
- Akuvutika ndi "mavuto" a banja monga sprains ndi mapulaneti. Mabalawo akhoza kuonongeka, ndipo nthawi zina amafika pa fungulo pamthunzi wa galimoto. Ngakhale zolakwa zonsezi zikukhazikika mosavuta.
- Ali ndi kulemera kochepa ndi zochepa.
- Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsanzo zochepa kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Kampani ya ku Germany "Bungartz" Mu 1937, anayamba kupanga mphamvu tillers ndi injini ya mphamvu 8 ndi 10. Pazaka za nkhondo, chizindikiro ichi, ngakhale "kulembetsa", chinkayenera kupirira kuwonongedwa kwa chipani cha Nazi - atsogoleri ake anakana kukwaniritsa malamulo a usilikali, kumasula zokhazokha za mtendere.Monga mukuonera, ali ndi ubwino wambiri, zomwe sitinganene ponena za kuipa kwa bokosi lotengera. Sichilekerera katundu wolemetsa - pulawo, ndipo mochulukirapo, ngoloyo siyeneranso. Zitsulo zamatabwa zimanyamula mofulumira, ndipo chikhotakhotacho chimatulutsa nthawi yambiri. "Zochitika" zimatengedwa kuti ndi "chizoloŵezi" chokwanira ndi kukangana kwakukulu.
Komanso, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphamvu - kukankhira njira yonse, mumatha kuona kuti mawilo samatembenuka ngakhale kabati ikugwira ntchito. "Kupuma" kwake sikunaperekenso zotsatira zake.N'zotheka kulangiza njira iyi okha kwa omwe angagwirizane ndi nthaka yowala bwino.
Alimi amphamvu kwambiri ali ndi makina opatsa magetsi. Iwo sali chitsanzo chokwera mtengo, koma chitsimikizo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Gwiritsani ntchito pafupifupi katundu aliyense. 
Choyambirira, koma "chophatikizidwa" chachitsulo chosakanikirana ndi wotchipa. Izi ndi zotsutsana pakati pa zogwiritsidwa ntchito zogwiritsidwa ntchito zowonjezereka ndi kuphweka kwa unyolo. Zosangalatsa, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuti mutumikire mtolo wopanda luso.
Ikani
Palibe njira yotereyi yomwe ikhoza kuchita popanda izo. Ndondomeko zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Centrifugal automation, yofanana ndi yomwe siinagwiritsidwe ntchito makondomu. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magetsi osapepuka, zosavuta kusintha m'magalimoto;
Ndikofunikira! Funsani za zipangizo zomwe magetsi ndi machitidwe apangidwa. Chitsulo cholimba kwambiri n'choyenera kutero, pamene zitsulo zamkuwa sizidzatha.
- Bamboli lokhala ndi magetsi likupezeka pa zitsanzo za pakati.
- Njira ndi clutch kutulutsa clutch "magalimoto" mtundu. Izi ndizo zopezeka zamphamvu kwambiri. Zinyamukulu zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo ng'anjo ndi mabotolo sangathe kupirira. Chosavuta ndikumvetsa kwa kukonza ndi kusonkhana.
Kulima m'lifupi ndi kuya
Ndi pazigawo zomwe abwana amtsogolo amamvetsera nthawi yomweyo. Ziwerengero izi zidzasiyana malinga ndi kalasi ya mlimi:
- Zida zazing'ono zimatha "kutenga" mamita makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi masentimita (18) masentimita (150).
- Zipangizo zamkatizi zingasinthike mpaka m'lifupi mwake 40-80 masentimita (kwa ena zinawonjezeka kufika 85). Hilling imachitika pansi pa 23-28 masentimita.
- Mabaibulo oterewa apangidwa kuti alowe mkati mwa mamita 0.9-1 ndi kuya kwa masentimita 30.
Kuti mupewe kupitirira, mphamvu yake imasankhidwa motere:- 1 hp / 20 masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri.
- 1 hp / 30 masentimita a 2-stroke.
Kukhalapo kwotsutsana
Kukhalapo Kwake kudzakhala kokha. Kukhoza kubwezeretsa ndi "mwayi" wa alimi akuluakulu, ngakhale kuti makina ambiri apakati ali ndi mwayi.
Mukudziwa? Mu USSR, thirakitala ya mini idayamba kuonekera kumayambiriro kwa 1980 - pamaso pa Olimpiki, makina achi Czech TZ-4K adagulidwa. Iwo anali opambana kwambiri moti ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse: kuchotsa misewu kupita kuntchito.Bokosi lamasewera kawirikawiri limapangidwira njira zitatu: kulima mofulumira (100-150 / min), kuthamanga kwambiri kuthamanga kwa nthaka ndi chiwonongeko cha namsongole (250-300 mphm) ndikusintha.
Pa zitsanzo zabwino, zojambula zowonongeka zimatha kuwona - sizikusowa katundu wambiri wopatsirana, ndipo kayendetsedwe kake kamatha kuchitidwa pamanja.
Sungani kasinthasintha
Kumapeto kwa machubu ophimbidwa ndizitsulo zimayang'aniridwa ngati mawonekedwe. Iwo ali ndi udindo woyika kampanda, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kutembenuza magalimoto. 
Pali zochepa zofunikira kwa iwo. Ayenera kukhala omasuka (makamaka rubberized) komanso abwino. "Jamming" ndi zosakaniza zotayika sizimatulutsidwa.
Musanagule, yang'anani momwe zingwe zogwiritsira ntchito zimatetezedwa. Kuthamanga mwamsanga msangamsanga kungapangitse ntchitoyo.
Kusintha kofunika ndi koyenera kwa chogwiritsira popanda kuthamanga kwaulere. Mwachitsanzo, clutch cable "ingatambasulidwe" ingathe kudziwika kokha ngati chogwiritsira ntchito chikugwedezeka - ngati chikanakanikizidwa ndipo chipangizochi chikugwedezeka kale, uyenera kuthana ndi vuto ili (mwa kufanana ndi njinga yamoto).
Zipangizo Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Kuwonjezera pa wodula wodula, choikapo cha "canopies" chingakhale ndi zipangizo izi:
- Mitengo ya propashny yowonjezereka chifukwa cha malo olemera.
- Gudumu kapena mawilo (kwa zitsanzo zamakono), zomwe zimatsogolera kuyenda ndi kusalola kuti "zitheke" pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mulowe mumsewu, choyikapo chapadera, chomwe chimatchedwa choperetsa choperekera chofunika.
- Plowshare (hiller), yomwe imapyola mabowo obzala ndi kumasula nthaka pafupi ndi zomera.
- Mapula osiyana maonekedwe (osakwatira kapena awiriwa).
- Mbatata digger. Mlimi yemweyo, koma ndizokhazikika. Kuthetsa tubers, kumatulutsa iwo kunja. Amaperekedwa kokha kwa zitsanzo zamphamvu.
- Harrow
- Ocheka ndi mulu woyeretsa masamba akale ndi chisanu.
- Olemba masewera ndi magudumu.
- Mowing machine
- Trolley kapena trailer yaying'ono.
Dziwitseni ndi zida za Neva MB 2, Salyut 100 ndi Zubr JR-Q12E motoklocks.
Malangizo olima
Kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wa zida, wogula angapereke zina, zowonjezera "zipangizo". Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Ndege Mphuzi yamphongo yosaoneka bwino, yopyoza nthaka kuti ifike pamzuzi.
- Kamba kosavuta kugwira ntchito ngati zidzu.
- Mikasi mwa mawonekedwe a lumo.
Mukudziwa? Njira zamakina ochepa kwambiri mu nthawi ya Soviet zinkayamikira kwambiri, ndipo m'madera ambiri iwo analibe kusowa. Kuti aone kufunika kwa iwo, akuluakulu a boma monga State Planning Committee ndi Komiti Yomangamanga ya boma anapereka zolemba zambiri, zozizwitsa ndi zovuta zowonjezera.
- Mipeni ya "chimanga" yogwirira ntchito pamphepete mwa udzu.
Ojambula otchuka
Kuti musayambe "kuthamangira kumanzere", tcherani khutu kuzochokera kwa opanga otsimikiziridwa. Zamtengo wapatalizi zimatchuka kwambiri:
- "Mole". Zojambulazo zimadziwika kuchokera ku Soviet times. Chitsanzo chophweka, chosavuta kusamalira, chokhoza kumasula ndi masentimita 20-25 popanda mavuto apadera. Kukula kwakung'ono kukuthandizani kutumiza chipangizocho ngakhale pagalimoto.
- "Neva" Wolamulira MK-100 akulimbana ndi kumasula, kupalira ndi kuthirira. Zigawo zamagetsi zogulitsa zili ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Utumiki wautumiki wapangidwa bwino, kotero palibe mavuto ndi mbali zopanda pake.
- Tarpan. Chigawo chaching'ono chimakhala ndi magalimoto 6 a mahatchi a American Briggs & Stratton, omwe amachititsa kukhala oyenera kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wolemera. Tawonaninso zolakalaka "mafuta" okhutira.
- "Viking". Chida cha axial chochokera ku Austria chimazindikiritsidwa ndi zigawo zabwino ndi zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Thupi limapangidwanso ndi zigawo ziwiri, ndipo "worm" imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosagwira. Zipangizo zoyendera magetsi zimakhala ndi loko, zomwe zimathetsa ntchito yomweyo panthawi imodzi. Zithunzi zapakhomo zachitsanzo 585 zimatchedwa "Tarpan".
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri yang'anizani kukhalapo kwa mafuta mu bokosi lotsegula.
- Danish "Texas " wokhoza kutenga mtundu uliwonse wa zipangizo ndikukumana nawo mitundu yonse ya kulima pa dothi losiyana. Amafuna kusamalidwa bwino - zina zingakhale zovuta kupeza.
