Kuchokera ku khalidwe la pansi mu nkhokwe makamaka malingana ndi thanzi labwino ndi zokolola za anthu okhalamo. Ng'ombe ndi zofunikira kuti pansi nthawi zonse ikhale youma komanso yotentha, yotanuka komanso nthawi yomweyo, sichisungunula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo tiribe mankhwala oopsa, komanso kuti mlimiyo ndi wotsika mtengo komanso pamene mwakhazikika. Zida zakuthupi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zogona, koma matekinoloje amakono amapereka zosankha zatsopano - mathalasi amitundu yambiri, omwe amatchedwanso ziweto, mabala kapena mbale.
Kodi bedi ndi nkhokwe ziti?
Cholinga chachikulu cha zogona pa ng'ombe zazikazi ndi zaukhondo komanso zaukhondo. Manyowa, mkodzo, zotsalira za zakudya ndi zina zotayika kwa ng'ombe ndi malo abwino kwambiri obereketsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa matenda opatsirana osiyanasiyana. 
Mwanjira iyi, zinyalala zimalola kuti uume, kutentha ndi ukhondo mu khola. Kuonjezerapo, zakumwa zofewa zimapangitsa kuti ng'ombeyo ikhale yabwino kwambiri, ndipo imapangitsa kukolola kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Zakhala zikutsimikiziridwa kuti ndicho chachikulu chimene chimayambitsa mastitis, yomwe, malinga ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, imakhudza ng'ombe 20 mpaka 80% ya ng'ombe za mkaka, zomwe ziri pamadzi onyowa ndi opanda dothi, opanda zogona.
Komabe, si zonse zophweka. Zida zamagulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala ndizo zimachokera mabakiteriya. Makamaka amachulukitsa mu makulidwe a udzu, zomwe zingakhale ndi zosafunika za poizoni ndi namsongole, komanso nkhungu.
Pamene zinyalala zimawonongeka, zinthu zikuipiraipira, choncho izi zimayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri kapena ufa wapadera womwe umathandiza kuti chitukuko cha microflora chikhale chowonjezeredwa - ndipo izi zimaphatikizapo ndalama zina zowonjezera mlimi.
Kuyambira pano, zopangira zosasinthika zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosaoneka bwino zimawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kodi makina a nyama ndi chiyani?
Miphika ya zoweta, mapepala kapena mbale - ili ndi malo okometsera amasiku ano; Zapangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda poizoni zamapuloteni. 
Zogulitsa zoterezi ndizoyenera kumanga masitolo, kumalo odyera, ma manyowa, mipiringidzo ndi ziboliboli mu nkhokwe ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi nyama zotayirira ndi zokhuta.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe imafunika kugona kwa maola 12 pa tsiku. Izi zimathandiza kuti ziboda zikhale bwino ndikupuma. Malinga ndi chiwerengero, matenda ovunduka omwe amapezeka m'malo oyamba omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amayembekezera ng'ombe pa moyo wawo, ndipo mavutowa amabwera chifukwa cha nyama yayitali kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, kusowa kwa kupuma kofunikira kumapangitsa kuti kuchepetsedwa kwa zokolola.
Zina mwazovala zaulimi ndi kupezeka kwa pakhomo, zomwe sizikuphatikizapo kutayira ndipo, motero, zimapweteka ng'ombe. Pachifukwa ichi, mbali yamunsi ya matayi imaperekedwa ndi mipangidwe yapadera, kupereka chithunzithunzi chabwino, kuteteza nkhumba ndi ziwalo za ng'ombe kuchokera ku katundu wambiri.
Kodi ndi chiyani?
Kwa nthawiyi, alimi akulima akungoyang'anitsitsa mtundu watsopano wophimba mu nyumba za ziweto, ndipo kunja kwina njira zamakono zakhala zikudziwika komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Choncho, pamsika lero mungapeze mitundu yambiri yamagulu aulimi, kusiyana ndi kukula ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu, komanso zina zambiri zamakono. 
Kusankha mtengo wina kumadalira kukula kwa famu, mphamvu zachuma za mlimi, zosankha zake komanso zikhalidwe zomwe nyamazo zimasungidwa.
Onaninso momwe mungamangire nkhokwe za ng'ombe ndi manja anu komanso momwe mungapangire mpweya wabwino mmenemo.
Zida zamapulogalamu
Mitengo yotereyi imapangidwa kuchokera ku mapuloteni ambiri, mwachitsanzo, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
Matope a polima amatha kufika 10 mpaka 40 mm ndipo ali ndi zigawo ziwiri:
- Kutuluka kunja, komwe kumapangidwa ndi polypropylene, kumapangidwira kuteteza matendawa kuti asawonongeke ndi ng'ombe za ng'ombe, kupewa kutsekemera, ndi kuteteza chinyezi kuti chisalowe mu mankhwala.
- Zowonjezera, zomwe zingapangidwe ndi polyurethane (chithovu) kapena zowonjezereka zinazake, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida za mphira, mchenga wabwino, utuchi, ndi zina. Ntchito yaikulu yomwe ili yosanjikiza ndiyo kupereka zofewa ndi kutentha (springiness), komanso chitetezo cha mankhwala kuchokera ku caking ndi deformation. Nthawi zina mkati mwake mumakhala wothira mafuta ndi polyethylene kuti athetse mvula, komabe mtengo wa mbale woterewu ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.
Ojambula amapanga matabwa amenewa mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, zomwe zimapangitsa mwiniwake aliyense kusankha yekha zabwino kwambiri za mankhwalawa. 
Mpira
Makapu a mabulosi m'misika ya pakhomo ndi ofala kwambiri - ndi otsika mu polima wamtengo wapatali, komabe, ndi otchipa. Mabotolo amenewa ndi monolithic, choncho samapatsa chidwi kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mautentheni apamwamba, choncho, choipa kwambiri kuposa mankhwala opangidwa ndi polima, amateteza ziweto kukazizira.
Ndikofunikira! Kuyerekeza: coefficient of kutentha conductivity ya mphira ndi 0.15 W (m * K), pamene chiwerengero chofanana cha polyurethane ndi thovu chikusiyana mkati mwa 0.03-0.05 W (m * K), omwe amakhala ochepa katatu.
Choncho, matayala a mphira sagonjetsa vuto la kutenthetsa ndipo ndilovuta kwambiri, kotero mukufunikirabe kusanjikiza udzu kapena utuchi pamatope amenewa.
Ngakhale zili choncho, ziphuphu za ziweto zimakhala ndi ubwino wotsatira:
- ochepa ali ndi vuto;
- angatumikire kwa zaka zingapo, mofulumira kubwezera kwa mlimi ndalama zomwe anazigulitsa;
- madzi;
- kuteteza zachilengedwe (chifukwa chopanga zinthu zamagetsi);
- khala ndi malo owonongeka, kuchotsa zong'ambika ndi kuvulala.
Monga mapuloteni a polima, zinthu zamagetsi zimagulitsidwa mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathamanga kwambiri zimakhala ngati 160x90 ndi 180x120 masentimita. Chipinda chilichonse chimalemera 15 mpaka 25 kg. Pa chophimba chilichonse muli mabowo ang'onoang'ono okulumikiza, kuti muthe kukonza mwamsanga pansi pa nkhokweyi ndi zokopa kapena zipilala.Tepi yapaderayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu a pansi-makatani ophimba pansi, omwe amalepheretsa madzi, manyowa ndi dothi kuti alowe pansi pa mataya. Zida zamtengo wapatali zimakhala zosungira zobisika ndipo zimapangidwira kwambiri moti ziwalozo pakati pawo ndizosaoneka.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito
Matumba a zinyama zamakono omwe amapangidwa ndi zipangizo (ma polima ambiri, mphira ndi pang'ono) ali ndi ubwino wambiri pa organic zomwe akudziŵa kwa alimi akuweta.
Makamaka, mapindu awa ndi awa:
- zachilengedwe zachilengedwe ndi hypoallergenicity (mosiyana ndi udzu, womwe ukhoza kukhala ndi zomera zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala, komanso miyala ndi zinthu zina zolimba zomwe zingawononge ng'ombe). Mbali imeneyi ndi yofunikanso kukonzanso mkaka wabwino mwa kuthetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo mkati mwake;
- kufewa, kupirira komanso kutsika, kukwanitsa kubwereza kutuluka kwa thupi la nyama, osamamatira, zomwe zimapatsa mpumulo wathunthu, kumayambiriro kotheka kwa masoka (zofewa zobiriwira udzu);
- kusokonezeka bwinokuchepetsa kupanikizika pa ziwalo ndi miyendo ya ng'ombe;
- kusowa kwa malo okongola kwa kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukopa ntchentche ndi ziwombankhanga;
- kusinthasintha kwa madzi, ukhondo ndi ukhondo: mapuloteni amachititsa kuti kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo njira zamakono zowakhalira komanso kutseka madzi sizimalola kuti zakumwa zilowe pansi pa zokutira. Kuwonjezera apo, ngati kutsekula koteroko kumachitika, mateka a zamakono amateteza mwamsanga kuyanika pansi pa chikwama ndi kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda a fungal ndi njira zowonongeka mmenemo;
- zosavuta kuyeretsa - simukusowa kusintha ndi kutaya zinyalala zowonongeka; Ng ombe za ziweto zimangokwanira kuti ziyeretsedwe;
- palibe chofunika kupanga, kugula, kunyamula ndikusungira katundu wambiri wa udzu, utuchi, mchenga ndi mitundu yina ya malitala omwe angathe kusintha m'malo mwake;
- corrugated pamwamba kumalepheretsa kuvulala;
- palibe chiopsezo cholephera kupopera mapompo a manyowa chifukwa cha ingress ya mchenga kapena zolimba zachilendo zinthu kuchokera organic zinyalala;
- kusungidwa bwino kutentha ngakhale povutikira bwino malo, palibe ngozi yozizira m'nyengo yozizira (mosiyana ndi udzu, mchenga ndi utuchi);
- kupirira, mphamvu, kutsutsana ndi deformation ndi kuvala kwa zaka zingapo (polymer matsulo amatumikira zaka 10);
- kubwezera mwamsanga - pothandizira ndalama zogulira malonda othandizira, komanso poonjezera zokolola za ng'ombe.
Kuphatikizana, ndibwino kunena kuti zipangizo zamakono zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono zili ndi tsogolo, pomwe udzu ndi zina zotengera zinyalala zilipo dzulo.Mukudziwa? Nyerere yonse ya ng'ombe zonse padziko lapansi (amuna ndi akazi) ndi katatu kulemera kwa anthu onse.
Zowonjezerapo ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupeza kwa chithandizochi ndizoyenera, chifukwa zimapereka zinyama zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zokolola, komanso kuchepa kwa kuvulala ndi kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana.
