Alder - imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimapezeka m'malo ozizira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndi mankhwala. Koma mtengo uwu ukhoza kusokonezeka ndi mtengo wa birch, umene uli ndi ndolo. Choncho, nkofunika kumvetsetsa mtundu wa mtengo wa alder ndi chifukwa chake umapatsidwa chisankho chomwecho.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Alder ndi chomera cha bichromatic, wachibale wapamtima wa birch. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo zitsamba ndi mitengo, kotero asayansi ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi subspecies. Mitundu yambiri ndi ya wakuda (Alnus glutinosa).
Wilha, monga chomeracho chimatchedwanso, ndi mtengo wosasunthika umene ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi malo osiyana. Masamba a alder amajambulidwa mu mithunzi yambiri yobiriwira, cuttings ndi serrated pamphepete, ndipo mawonekedwe awo amadalira mawonekedwe a moyo. 
Mbali yosangalatsa ndi maselo a epidermis, pubescence pang'ono, yomwe ili pa nthambi, masamba ndi masamba. Mbali imeneyi imathandiza m'moyo wa chomera, koma sichita ntchito yoteteza ku tizirombo.
Chomeracho nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "mtengo wokhala ndi ndolo." Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti pamapeto a mphukira za inflorescence zimakula. Ndi mwa iwo momwe mungu umapangidwira. Mavuniwa ali ochepa. Mtengo uli ndi chipatso - kamtengo kakang'ono.
Habitat
Mtengowo umagawidwa m'madera omwe amagwera m'madera otentha. Chikhalidwechi chimadalanso ndi mawonekedwe a moyo. Choncho, zimapezeka ngakhale kumapiri a South America.
Kawirikawiri, alder imakula mu dothi lachinyontho m'nkhalango. Malo ake amakhala mpaka tundra, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja. 
Tsamba lanu lidzakongoletsedwanso ndi mitengo yokongola monga: oki wofiira, arbutus, holly, maple wofiira, nyanja buckthorn.
Mitundu yotchuka
Aliyense wa ife angakhale ndi malingaliro osiyana a momwe alder amawonekera. Pambuyo pake, mtundu wake umadalira malo a kukula. Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu 40. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitengo ndi kukula ndi masamba, kotero tiyeni tione bwinobwino zithunzi za oimira otchuka kwambiri a mtundu wa Alder.
Chiitaliya
Kutchire, imakula kum'mwera kwa Italy ndi Albania. Mtengowu ndi wodzichepetsa kunthaka, koma malowa amakhala pafupi ndi madzi. "Italy" ikufika mamita 15-20 mu msinkhu (osachepera 25-28 mamita), thunthu m'mimba mwake siposa mamita 1.
Mitundu imeneyi nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi alder mtima. Koma iwo ndi olemekezeka, choyamba, ndi dzina (Alnus cordata - Italy (wooneka ngati mtima), Alnus subcordata - kuchoka mtima); kachiwiri, malo. 
Masamba a aitaliya a Italy ali obiriwira, ofewa ndipo amatha kugwira mpaka December, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a oval ndipo amakhala masentimita 12, omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi masamba a chitumbuwa ndi apricots.
Okhazikika
Chitsambachi chifikira mamita atatu. Habitat ndi chilumba kuzilumba za ku Japan - Kyushu. Mphepo yosagwira, masamba osungunuka, oblong mpaka 12 cm m'litali. Nthambiyi ndi yopapuka ndipo imatha kusintha, nthawi zina ndi kuvala kofiira.
Makutu nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa mpaka masentimita 7. Iwo amamasula kuchokera ku March. Chomeracho chimakhala bwino nyengo yozizira. Wood ndi wolimba kuposa mitundu ina. 
Mdima
Black ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa mtundu. Amatchedwanso European chifukwa cha malo. Masamba aang'ono amakhala okonzeka, motero dzina lakuti "sticky" limapezedwanso. Mtengo ukhoza kukhala ndi mitengo iwiri, yomwe imatha kufika mamita 35.
Korona siwandiweyani, koma nthawi imodzimodziyo volumetric (12 mamita mwake). Thunthu ili ndi mamita 1 m'lifupi ndipo lili ndi makungwa wakuda. Maluwa amapezeka nthawi zambiri mu April. Mtengo wowala, wololedwa bwino ndi kupezeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa chinyezi.
Ngati mbidzi wakuda imakula m'mapampu otsetsereka, ndiye kuti mathithi angapangidwe. 
Visloplenaya
Kumtchire, mtengo uwu umakula ku China. Koma tsopano zitha kupezeka m'mapaki ambiri a ku England. Mtengo uwu umadziwika ndi kutalika kwake (mpaka mamita 40) ndi kudula nthambi. Masambawa ndi otalika komanso ochepetsetsa, amphuno ali okhaokha ndipo ali m'mayendedwe a masamba.
Mitundu iliyonse ya zomera imatha kukhudzidwa ndi bowa, ndipo chipatso ndi varicella - ndizosiyana. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo timatha kukula. Mitundu ina ya mtundu wa Tarfina ndi mawonekedwe a "mfiti zamatsenga" - timango ta korona mkati, kawirikawiri ofanana ndi chisa.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale ku Scandinavia, iwo ankakhulupirira nthano yotere: mkazi anali wopangidwa ndi alder, ndipo munthu anapangidwa ndi phulusa.
Gray
Grey Alder amapezeka ku Ulaya, North America ndi Asia Minor. Kutchire, imakula mofulumira, imabala zipatso kamodzi pachaka, koma mochuluka, mbewu zimanyamula ndi mphepo kapena madzi. Kawirikawiri limakula muwiri ndi adiresi wakuda pafupi ndi madzi.
Zimakhalanso zachilendo ku Siberia, pamodzi ndi alder fluffy. Chomera chosatha chimakhala kutalika (mamita 20) ndi tsinde lochepa (mpaka 50 cm mwake). Mtengo umakula m'malo amdima, kusagwedezeka kwa chisanu komanso kulimbana ndi mphepo yamphamvu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthambi.
Masambawa ndi ofooka, ovuta, ovali ndi masentimita 10. Grey Alder amalekerera madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka. Pa dothi la mchenga ndi mchenga silinapezeke chifukwa cha acidity low ndi chinyezi. 
Chijapani
Mitundu yopanga zomera ku Japan imakhala kumbali yonse ya kum'maŵa kwa Asia. Zimasiyanitsa nthambi zake za azitona. Msinkhu ndi wofunikira (mpaka mamita 25). Crohn wakuda, wozungulira. Masamba samapezeka toothed, ofewa osati osachepera 12 cm m'litali.
Kuperewera kwazimayi - mpaka zidutswa 8 kumapeto kwa maburashi. Chifukwa chakuti masamba amasungidwa mpaka chisanu choyamba chimawoneka popanga malo. 
Nyanja
Mmodzi wa zitsamba, koma akhoza kufika kutalika kwa mtengo. Kulongosola kwa mtundu umenewu sikusiyana ndi momwemo. Komabe, malowa akuphatikizapo a North America okha. Korona sali wandiweyani, thunthu ndi lochepa kwambiri ndipo limasintha, nthawi zina kufika mamita 10.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kudzala mitengo iyi, kumbukirani kuti imasowa madzi ndi feteleza zambiri kuposa mitengo yonse.
Mtima wambiri
Serdselistnuyu amapezeka ku Iran ndi Azerbaijan. Mitundu iyi silingalekerere nyengo yozizira. Palibe ziwalo m'maganizo a mtima omwe amachepetsa chinyezi. Ndicho chifukwa chake zomera zimapezeka pamadambo.
Masamba ndi owopsa komanso ozungulira. Nkhalango zokhazo zomwe zimabwerera m'mphepete mwa nyanja zikhoza kukhala m'chigwa cha mtsinje. 
Chobiriwira
Mitundu imeneyi imapezeka m'madera onse ozizira komanso ochepa. Shrub ikukula mofulumira ndi korona wandiweyani. Amasintha mosavuta kumalo aliwonse okhalamo. Icho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chisanu chakumana kwake, chifukwa chimakula ngakhale ku Arctic.
Kawirikawiri malo otchedwa Green alder amatchedwa gawo lachangu pakati pa birch ndi alder. Ndiponsotu, mawonekedwewa amatenganso mtundu wofunika wa mtengo (ku Far East). Zojambula za stamens nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa.
Masamba ndi toothed, okhwima pang'ono, mdima wobiriwira. Mu tundra, alder wobiriwira akhoza pachimake ngakhale mu July ndi August.
Mukudziwa? Makungwa ndi masamba a chomera chosatha ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popeta zikopa za ziweto.
Chomera chimagwiritsa ntchito
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Wilha yomwe ikugawidwa ku Northern Hemisphere imalola kuti mbewu izigwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera ambiri. Pambuyo pake, mtengo umakula mwamsanga ndipo ngakhale kuthengo mwaukali umagwira malo akuluakulu.
Alder akuphatikizapo tanins. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thunthu, nkhuni ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kuigwiritsa ntchito.
Mu mankhwala owerengeka
Makungwa ndi masamba a mtengo amakhala ndi astringents. Choncho, pepala losakanizidwa la adiresi lakuda lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa bala kuti lichiritse mofulumira. Komanso, chilondacho chimatha kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zosakaniza za ndolo zamaluwa zimathandiza ndi kudzimbidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otukuka a maluwa, odulidwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, mukhoza kuchotsa diathesis kwa ana. Kudulidwa kwa makungwa kumathandiza kulimbana ndi ululu m'mimba.
Pochita izi, perekani 15 g wa makungwa ndi galasi limodzi la madzi otentha. Kenaka mulole ozizira ndi mavuto. Tengani masiku angapo 3-4 pa tsiku. Zidzakwanira supuni imodzi panthawi imodzi. 
Koma kumbukirani kuti kuchiza alder sikungathandize kapena kuthetsa zizindikirozo. Choncho, funani thandizo lachipatala loyenerera.
M'maonekedwe okongola
Kukonzekera kwa malo ndi mwambo kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba mosaganizira zokongoletsa kwawo. Alder wobiriwira - mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yomwe imapezeka pa malo. Ndipotu, zimangowonjezera mosavuta ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana, makamaka dothi lopitirira kwambiri.
Kuvuta kugwiritsira ntchito kumangidwe kwa malo kumangokhala kolephera kugula mbande kapena mbewu za mtengo. Choncho, kufufuza mtundu wabwino wa zomera kungatenge nthawi yaitali.
Komabe, alder amatsimikizira mokwanira mphamvu zonse zomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito, osati kokha ndi maonekedwe ake okongoletsera, komanso mosamala. Osatha kubzalidwa monga zomera, tapeworms kapena hedges.
Pakuti mahatchi ndi abwino kwambiri: forsythia, privet, yew, barberry turnberry, mphesa zakuthengo, thuja, kutembenukira, boxwood, hawthorn.
Ndikofunikira! Musathamangitse kuchotsa kwathunthu masamba a wilha m'dzinja. Ndipotu, ali olemera mu nayitrogeni. Zidzakhala zokwanira kuziwaza pamtengo ndikuzisiya.
Mu makampani
Wood imaonedwa kuti ndi yofewa komanso yophweka popanga zinthu zilizonse. Lili ndi mawonekedwe a yunifolomu ndipo silimasokoneza pamene ikuwombera mu zikopa. Ali ndi mphamvu zamphamvu pamene akuyanjana ndi madzi, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsime, koma tsopano nkhokwe zimapangidwa ndi alder.
Koma kawirikawiri mitengo yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Ndiponso, makungwa a mtengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto.
Choncho, alder ndi mtengo wothandiza. Kubzala mu chiwembu chanu, mukufunikira kusamalira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Green sichita kutentha, zomwe sitinganene za nyanja alder. 
Choncho, mosamala musankhe mtundu wa mtengo pa nyengo yanu. Musaiwale kuti osachepera kawiri m'pofunika kuti athetse matenda a zomera. Inde, chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake, mtengo umakhala wathanzi.
