Kupaka peyala ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kusamalira mbewu.
Ndondomekoyi iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mtengo, choncho ndikofunikira kulingalira maonekedwe onse a mapeyala odulira masika.
Chifukwa chiyani mukusowa kudulira kasupe?
Kukayikira ngati kudula peyala, nthawi zambiri kumagonjetsa oyambirira wamaluwa. Koma izi ndizofunika kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino wa zomera ndi kukula kwa mphukira. Chifukwa chodulira mapeyala, mukhoza kuwonjezera zokolola za mtengo, komanso chipatso cha zipatso.
Ndikofunikira! Pa kudula nthambi za mapeyala ang'onoang'ono, m'pofunika kuti mwamsanga muyambe kupanga korona, yomwe imathandizira kuti muyambe kuyamwa dzuwa ndi masamba a mtengo ndikupititsa patsogolo photosynthesis ya chomera.
Komanso, kudulira mapeyala kumapeto kwa nyengo molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyenera kumathandiza chomera kupanga thunthu lamphamvu ndi nthambi kuti athe kulimbana ndi katundu ngati mbewu yaikulu. Idzatha kupereka chomeracho ndi chakudya choyenera, malo oyenera ochiritsira kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi kukolola kwabwino.
Nthawi yokwanira ya kudulira kasupe
Kukonza peyala kuyenera kuchitika panthawi imene kutentha kwa mpweya sikugwera m'munsimu -8 ° C, kuchokera pa March mpaka May. Panthawiyi, mtengowo ulibe mpumulo ndipo juzi sagawidwa pamtengo, kotero ngaleyo idzabweretsa njira popanda zotsatira zoipa.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zida za peyala zokongoletsera, mizere ndikupeza zida zomwe zikufunikira pa izi.
Ngati tinyalanyaza malangizowo pa nthawi yomwe timayendetsera nthawiyi, tikadula kwambiri, ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumatheka, chomeracho chikhoza kuvulazidwa kapena kukhumudwitsa.
Kuyika zipangizo zam'munda zogwirira ntchito
Pofuna kukwaniritsa njira zowonongolera nkhuni, m'pofunika kukonzekera zipangizo zapadera. Kwa zomera zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi nthambi zochepa, zosalala, mudzafunika pruner ndi mipesa yamaluwa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mitengo yakale, simungakhoze kuchita popanda saw ndi kukwera. Nkofunika osati kusankha kokha zipangizo zoyenera, komanso kuti ukhale oyera. Sungani zinthu zam'munda pamalo oyera ndi owuma. Onetsetsani kuti zowonongeka bwino ndipo sizikuvulaza mbeu panthawi yachinyengo.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo yokhala ndi mapeyala yokhazikika kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zipangizo zoimbira ndi zipangizo, komanso ziwiya zophika zomwe zingathe kutsukidwa muzitsamba zopanda zitsulo ndipo palibe chomwe chidzawachitikire.
Kusiyanasiyana pakudulira mitengo yakale ndi yachinyamata
Malingana ndi msinkhu wa peyala, kudulira kumakhala ndi zizindikiro zake zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedweratu pokwaniritsa njirayi pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chitukuko chokhazikika ndi fruiting.
Kulima achinyamata
Ganizirani momwe mungatetezerere peyala m'chaka. Mankhwala opangira kudulira amapangidwa chaka chotsatira mutabzala, pamene sapling imakhala yosamalidwa bwino komanso yolimbikitsidwa. Kuchokera koyamba kudula kumadalira kupangidwanso kwina kwa korona wa mtengo.
Ngati mukuchita ndondomekoyi molondola, m'zaka zotsatirazi zidzakhala zosavuta kusamalira peyala, ngati korona yokhazikika bwino idzafuna kudula mitengo ya chaka chatha komanso kupanga mapulusa a korona.
Werengani za malamulo omwe muyenera kutsatira mukamadzala mapeyala kumapeto.
Njira zowonjezera zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa nthambi, ndipo nthambi za hafu za mafupa zimapangidwa, zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe a nthambi za zipatso, chifukwa mphukirazo zimachepetsedwa ndi 1/4 m'litali.
Onetsetsani kuti nsonga zopota, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pamitengo yaing'ono. Nsonga, kukulitsa korona, mwamsanga kwambiri zimatha kukula m'magulu akuluakulu, kotero inu simungayambe kuwombera. Mlimiyo ayenera kuwapanga kukhala nthambi zowonongeka ndi zazing'ono.
Kudulira zipatso
Tiyeni tione tsatanetsatane wa momwe mungatchere pear fruiting kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kuti oyamba wamaluwa ayambe kuchita izi molondola ndi kuwatchinga ku zosafunikira, kuthamanga.
Mbali yoyamba ya korona iyenera kupangidwa, pereyala isanalowe mu fruiting nthawi. Chakumapeto kwa chaka chachisanu, mtengowu uyenera kukonzedwa kuti apange chigawo chachiwiri cha korona. Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za mapeyala, korona wowonjezera amapezeka, dera la fruiting limasunthira mpaka palimodzi.
Phunzirani momwe mungatchere zomera monga peach, apulo, chitumbuwa, currant, sitiroberi, maula, chitumbuwa, apurikoti, mphesa.
Pofuna kupewa njirayi, nkofunika kuti korona ikuunikire. Ndikoyenera kuchoka nthambizi, zomwe zimachokera ku thunthu pamtunda wa 90 °, ndi kudula mpikisano pansi pa kukula kwa nthambi. Pa otsogolera osankhidwa, muyenera kusankha nthambi zamagulu, zomwe zimapangidwa msinkhu ndi kudulidwa, kupanga zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu za korona.
Kutalika pakati pa gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri liyenera kukhala lalikulu masentimita 60, ndi kutalika pakati pa gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu osati masentimita 30. Kenaka, muyenera kupitiriza kufupikitsa ndi kupukuta nthambi iliyonse malinga ndi kutalika kwa gawo limodzi.
Mukudziwa? Tsamba lililonse pa mtengo wa peyala limakula pang'onopang'ono - 135°zomwe zimasiya kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi kuwala.

Ganizirani momwe mungadulire peyala, ngati nthambi zikukula ndi kutali ndi thunthu pafupifupi zofanana. Pachifukwa ichi, kudulira kwa otsogolera kumachitika koyamba, ngati nthambizi zili ndi thanzi labwino, musazengere mtengo wa korona ndipo musazengereze, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kuwachotseratu, mukhoza kuwfupikitsa mogwirizana ndi gawo lomwe ali nalo.
Ndiyeneranso kuchotsa nthambi zonse zomwe zimakula mkati mwa korona, kuziwombera, kapena zogwirizana. Nkofunikanso kusamalira kuchepetsa kukula kwa chigoba nthambi, kudula iwo ndi kutalika konse.
Kukonza zakale
Kudulira mitengo yakale kumachitika pofuna kukonzanso chomera, pofuna kulimbikitsa fruiting ndikupatsa mtengo mawonekedwe okolola bwino. Ndikofunika kwambiri panthawi imeneyi kuti mugwiritse ntchito moyenera, chifukwa mitengo yakale sungapulumutsidwe ndi njira zosavomerezeka.
Pankhani ya kubwezeretsa peyala, pali zinthu ziwiri zimene zidzasinthira:
- Ngati mtengo sungathe kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse nthambi ndipo wakula mokwanira, koma fruiting bwino, ndiye kuti njirayi iyenera kuyambitsidwa pofupikitsa korona wa mtengo.
- Ngati peyala imachotsedwa nthawi zonse nthambi, ndiye kuti njira yotsutsana ndi ukalamba iyenera kuyamba ndi kupatulira korona wa peyala.
Kudulira mitengoyo palokha ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Chotsani masamba osweka, owuma, achisa, opanda nthambi kuti amasulire pakati pa korona ya kuwala kwa dzuwa.
- Pambuyo pake, mphukira yothamanga imachotsedwa, imamera yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono kapena kufanana ndi thunthu.
- Ndiye ndikofunikira kufupikitsa mphukira zotsalira ndi 1/4 kutalika.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale mtengo wakale wasiya kubzala mbewu, fruiting akhoza kubwezeretsedwa. Koma konzekerani kuti njirayi ingatenge zaka zingapo musanatenge zipatso zoyamba.
Ntchito zochepetsera posachedwa
Pambuyo pochotsa mbali ya nthambi pamtengo, ndikofunika kuti mwamsanga muzidula mchenga ndi munda wamaluwa kuti machiritso akwaniritsidwe mwamsanga komanso popanda chovulaza.
Koma palinso milandu pamene kuwonongeka kumawoneka pamtengo, nkofunikira kutenga zofunikira kuti achiritsidwe. Ndikofunika kuti muzitsatira nthawi ya masika. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa peyala kuli kochepa, ndiye kuti amasindikizidwa ndi phula la munda.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta mapeyala.
Ngati malo okhudzidwawa ndi aakulu, ndiye njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa:
- Dulani malo owonongeka ku makungwa abwino.
- Sakanizani malo owonongeka ndi sulfate yachitsulo kuchokera ku chidebe cha madzi 300 g.
- Dzozani chiwembucho ndi phula la munda ndikukulunga ndi burlap zomwe zingalepheretse kuyanika kwa makungwa a peyala.