Mlimi aliyense yemwe amayamba kale komanso wodziwa bwino ayenera kuti anabzala mabedi ang'onoang'ono a ndiwo zamasamba monga zamasamba. Zomera zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri a magulu B ndi C, komanso mchere wokwanira, monga calcium, phosphorous, potassium, iron ndi magnesium. Nkhaka ndi gawo lalikulu la chakudya chathu mu yaiwisi yaiwisi, yamchere komanso yophika. Kukula kwa iwo ndi kosavuta, koma muyenera kukhala okonzekera zodabwitsa zosayembekezereka, monga, chomera chimakhala ndi matenda ofala monga perinospora.
Kodi ndi zoopsa ndipo zimachokera kuti?
Perinosporosis ndi matenda a fungal omwe amakhudza masamba ndi zimayambira za zomera. Downy mildew akhoza kuwononga chomera nthawi yochepa kwambiri kapena kuchepetsa zokolola zake. 
Malo abwino kwambiri a spores owopsa ndi chinyezi, chifukwa chake zomera zimayamba kuvulaza kawirikawiri mvula ikatha kapena kuthirira kwambiri. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumathandizanso kwambiri: ngati usiku utatha mvula imatha kutsika pansi pa madigiri 9 Celsius, zomera zimangowamba kugwera m'magulumagulu, monga momwe zilili nyengoyi kuti mitundu yambiri ya pseudogribs kuchokera ku banja la Peronosporov ikupita patsogolo.
N'zotheka kukula nkhaka osati kutchire kapena kutentha, komanso ndi njira zina zomwe sizili zoyenera: mu ndowa, mbiya, mabotolo apulasitiki, pawindo, pa khonde kapena mu hydroponics.
Chifukwa china cha powdery mildew chikhoza kukhala dothi kwambiri. Matenda a fungal amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nyengo yozizira hardiness ndipo amatha kukhalabe ndi moyo m'nthaka ndi mbewu mpaka zaka 6.
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe
Mudzazindikira mwamsanga kuti chomera chikudwala: mawanga a chikasu kapena a bulauni adzawoneka pamwamba pa masamba. Posakhalitsa, mbali ya pansi ya tsamba imakhudzidwanso, yomwe imapezeka ndi chiphuphu-imvi pachimake. Matendawa amakula mofulumira, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndi owuma. Pambuyo pa masiku 4-5 kuchokera ku chomeracho mungathe kukhalabe zimayambira. Mwachidziwikire, izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala wosauka kapena wochepa pang'onopang'ono. Nkhaka zokhudzidwa ndi bowa, zimataya kukoma. 
Ndikofunikira! Matendawa amafalikira mofulumira ndipo angathe kuwononga zikhalidwe zina. - Izi zimathandizidwa ndi tizilombo tofalitsa spores, mwachitsanzo, aphid ndi whitefly.Nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhudza zomera mu gawo la mapangidwe kapena kucha kwa zipatso, zimadalira nthawi yobzala. Pankhaniyi, mikangano yoipa ikhoza kukhalabe pansi, ndipo matendawa adzasangalalanso pansi pa zinthu zabwino. Amakhulupirira kuti bowa amatha kuvulaza mbewu zambiri.
Kupewa
Choyamba, mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda iyenera kukondedwa. Akufunikabe kutanthawuza moyenera kufesa: mbeu isanadzalemo iyenera kukonzedwa, mwachitsanzo, mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Ndi bwino kubzala mitundu yoyambirira, kuti asapereke mpata wa mikangano ya peronosporosis kuti isanafike nthawi yokolola isanakwane. 
Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kubzala nkhaka chaka chilichonse pamalo omwewo - kusintha malo a mabedi nthawi iliyonse, ndipo izi zidzachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula, muyenera kudula zimayambira ndi masamba ndi kuwotcha. Ngati chikhalidwechi chikukula mu malo otentha, ndiye kuti, kuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa zotsalira zazomera, m'pofunika kuchotsa dothi lapamwamba ndi kuthira mankhwala.
Njira zamakono zolimbanirana
Choyamba, malo a mabedi amathandiza. Ndikofunika kupewa malo ochepa kwambiri komanso malo omwe mumakhala malo omwe madzi amatha kudziunjikira, kapena madontho angagwe kuchokera padenga. Tiyenera kukhala lamulo kuti tizitha mbeu tisanasambe. Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza ndiyo mankhwala odzala zakuthupi ndi madzi otentha (50-55 ° C). 
Mbewu imadonthozedwa kwa mphindi 10-15, ndiye mukhoza kuyamba kubzala. Simungathe kuwononga zomera, kuthirira nthawi yake, koma moyenera. Musamanyalanyaze kavalidwe kawiri kawiri ka nthaka: ngati nkhaka imapeza zakudya zokwanira, chiopsezo cha peronosporosis chachepa kwambiri. Kupewa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa achinyamata zomera ndi zowonongeka, zomwe zikuyimiridwa pamsika, alandiridwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kulima kotentha kwa nkhaka, nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi chinyezi mu chipinda. Mwamsanga mawanga akuwoneka pa masamba, muyenera kuchotsa mwamsanga kuti pasakhale petioles.Kukhazikitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane ka njira zothandizira sikutitsimikizira 100%, koma kumachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wa matenda ndi matenda a fungal.
Nkhondo yogwira ntchito
Ngati sizingatheke kuteteza nkhaka za peronospora, pitani mwamsanga kuchipatala. Njira yolimbana nayo imadalira kusalidwa kwa matendawa ndi zomwe mumakonda. 
Pofuna kugonjetsa bowa, choyamba ndikofunika kuchotsa foci zake - ziwalo za mbewu zomwe zawonongeka kale, ndi kuziwotcha nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kupita kuchipatala.
Mankhwala
Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pakuthana ndi downy mildew ndi fungicides. Zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsutsana ndi bowa, komanso kuti apeze mbewu. Kumayambiriro koyambitsa matenda, mbeu 0,5% yothetsera Mitsinje, Ridomil, Kurzat ndi Oxyhoma imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Dulani zomera zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nthaka yozungulira. Ndikofunika kugwiritsira ntchito zoterezi kuchokera ku downy mildew pa nkhaka mosamala, osaiwala za poizoni wawo wapamwamba ndi ngozi ya zowononga zotero kwa anthu ndi zinyama. 
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya zipatso za nkhaka amafunika kuti athetse chinyezi.
Mankhwala a anthu
Ngati mukufuna njira zabwino zotsutsana ndi bowa, ndiye kuti panopa muli nambala yodabwitsa. Zimakhulupirira kuti soda wamba imakhala yothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi downy mildew pa nkhaka.
Kukonzekera kwa njira yothandizira kuchiza kumafunika 30 g soda, 5 malita a madzi otentha ndi 5-10 ml wa sopo wamadzi. Zosakanizazo zimasakanizidwa bwino mpaka mutatha kusungunuka, ndiye lolani chisakanizo kuti chizizizira. Pambuyo pake muyenera kupopera nthaka ndi zomera. Pofuna kuthana ndi bowa, mufunika njira zitatu zokhazo. Kupopera mbewu mankhwala awiri kumachitika motsatira, ndipo lachitatu linatha masiku asanu ndi awiri kuti likonze zotsatira.
Phunzirani zambiri za mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kukonza zomera pogwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha ayodini ndi mkaka. Pochita izi, mazira 10-12 a ayodini ayenera kutayika mu lita imodzi ya mkaka (mafuta alibe kanthu) ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi 10 malita a madzi. Kenaka phulani zomera ndi botolo la kutsitsi. Amatha kugonjetsa nkhungu zoipa ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate. 1-2 g wa mankhwalawo amasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi ndi sprayed ndi zomera.
Mukhoza kumenyana ndi mame powdery mealy pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa: imasungunuka ndi madzi otentha. Tengani 2 tbsp. zinthu mpaka 3 malita a madzi. The chifukwa osakaniza adzapereka kulowetsedwa, ndiyeno fyuluta ndi kutsitsi zomera ndi nthaka.
Mukhoza kukonzekera mankhwala kuchokera pa peyala ya anyezi - kokha, zidzakhala zothandiza kokha kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. 350-400 g wa mankhusu amathiridwa ndi 10-12 malita a madzi, kubweretsa kwa chithupsa ndipo anasiya kwa masiku 2-3. Njira yowonetsedwa panopa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu zamakono. 
Manyowa opindulitsa ndi osapindulitsa - manyowa, amathandizanso kuthana ndi matenda a fungal. Kukonzekera kusakaniza, tengani magawo atatu a madzi ndi gawo limodzi la manyowa, kuyambitsa ndi kupita kwa masiku 4-5. Ndiye fyuluta yokonzekera yankho, kuchepetsa ndi madzi ndi kukonza nkhaka. Njira imeneyi imangotithandiza kuthana ndi matendawa, komanso imadyetsa zomera, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.
Pezani chifukwa chake nkhaka mazira ozungulira chikasu, momwe mungagwirire ndi powdery mildew ndi fusarium, komanso momwe mungachitire zomera ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Mitundu yotsutsa
Chifukwa cha kupitiriza kusankha masamba mbewu kulima nkhaka mitundu kugonjetsedwa ndi downy mildew. Mwachibadwa, palibe amene amanena kuti pobzala mitunduyi, simudzawona zizindikiro za peronosporosis pa zomera zanu, koma chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chacheperachepera.
Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa ku nkhaka zotsatirazi:
- "Wokondedwa" - zosagonjetsedwa ndi peronosporoza, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zabwino, komanso kukoma kwake. Zipatso ziphuka pafupifupi masiku 55 pambuyo pa kutuluka.
- "Mnyamata ndi chala" - Kukolola kwa mbeu pa tsiku la 40 pambuyo pa kumera, ndiko, mofulumira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
- "Spring" - Zambiri zosiyana ndi zokolola zake ndi kudzichepetsa, zimapindulanso kukoma kwake. Zipatso zipse pa tsiku la 50 pambuyo pa kumera.
Mukudziwa? Pali chikondwerero choperekedwa kwa masamba awa. - July 27 ndi Tsiku la Nkhaka Zamdziko Lonse.
Pofuna kuteteza mbeu yanu ku matenda a fungal, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a sayansi ya zamakono ndipo, ndithudi, nthawi zonse muzisamala ndi zida zankhondo. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za peronosporosis zikuwonekera mwadzidzidzi, tiyenera kuyamba kuchita ndi kuthamanga kwa mphenzi, ndipo tatsimikiza zomwe tiyenera kuchita.
