Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akulima, akulimbana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo ndi matenda a mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Njira zoterezi zomwe zakhala zikuthandizira nthawi zambiri sizili zoyenera masiku ano, ndiyeno mankhwala ophera tizilombo amayambitsa zolimbitsa thupi.
Kodi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi otani?
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti azigwirizana ndi ziphe, zomwe sizili zoona nthawi zonse. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana za mbewu zakudimba, malo obiriwira ndi zomera. Malo oterowo ayenera kuvomerezedwa asanatulutse kwa anthu. 
Mukudziwa? December 3 - Tsiku lachilombo la mdziko lonse.
Maphunziro apamwamba
Pali mndandanda wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amachokera ku cholinga cha mankhwalawa. Magulu a magulu okhudzana ndi zamoyo zomwe amachiza.
Achinyengo
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a kagulu kameneka amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi kuti awonetse mbalame zowonongeka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poopseza mbalame pamagalimoto ndi m'misewu. Mankhwala omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi avitrols ndi alfachloraloza. 
Pazirombo zochepa, zinthuzi zimawopsya mbuzi chifukwa cha kupweteka ndi kukuwa kwa mbalame zomwe zakhala zikupha, komanso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zodzipha: mbalame zikugona kwa maola 8-10 zimawopseza ena omwe ayenda. Tsoka ilo, mowonjezereka zinthu izi, zomwe zawopsyeza mbalame kutali, zimasanduka njira zowononga.
Acaricides
Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amapha nkhupakupa. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a gululi agawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma acaricides ndi insectoacaricides.
Algaecides
Njira zamagulu a gululi zimayesetsa kulimbana ndi zitsamba zam'madzi. Ankayeretsa zitsime, ngalande, madzi. Mwa chiyambi akhoza kukhala organic ndi kupanga. 
Mukudziwa? Copper sulphate, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira zomera ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi feteleza, ndiyo yodziwika kwambiri ya algaecide.
Mabakiteriya
Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kapena kuleka kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zikuphatikizapo antiseptics ndi antibiotics.
Virocides
Mankhwala omwe amawononga mavairasi ndi kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Herbicides
Gululi la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala owopsa poletsa namsongole ndi zomera zosayenera. 
Amagawidwa mwa njira yopitilira ndi yosankha.
Desiccants
Zomwe zimawuma mzu wa mbewu. Mankhwalawa amawathandiza "kuyeretsa" munda usanayambe kumera mbewu monga mpunga, beet ndi thonje.
Deflorants
Kuwononga maluwa (pofuna kupewa fruiting) ndi mopitirira muyeso m'mimba mwake. Mankhwala a gululi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera kumsongole.
Defoliants
Kuthetseratu kutha kwa mbali zovuta za zomera. Potero, mbande ya mitengo ya zipatso imakonzedwera nyengo yozizira ndipo mipesa imakonzedwa musanakolole.
Zoocides
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo osiyanasiyana omwe amafunidwa kuti awononge nyama zowonongeka: makoswe ndi mbalame (rodenticides ndi zowonongeka).
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Izi ndi mankhwala owopsa poletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga tizilombo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zoterezi zomwe zimasiyana ndi mankhwala.
Pofuna kuteteza tizirombo, timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Calypso, Kinmiks, Alatar, Pamalo, Fastak, Decis, Aktara, Vertimek, Mospilan, Tanrek.
Ichthyocide
Ankawononga kupha nsomba. Monga lamulo, zinthu zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera pamene matupi a madzi, kumene ichthyocide amatsukidwa, ayenera kudziyeretsa. 
Zachilendo
Ndipotu, larvicides imakhalanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, osati kuchita tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma mphutsi zake.
Limatsida
Mankhwala ankagwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi slugs ndi nsomba zakhwangwalazomwe ndi tizirombo ta mbeu zambiri za m'munda. Zambiri mwa zipangizozi zimakhudza khungu la slugs. Ndi bwino kuchita chithandizo mu mdima, monga slugs ndi nyama zakutchire.
Nematocides
Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga herbivorous nematodes. Nthawi zina zimaphatikizapo njira zomwe zimathetsa mavitamini a nematode. 
Odzipereka
Mankhwala owopsa omwe amachititsa kuwononga mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga tizilombo, mites ndi helminths.
Fungicides
Antifungal wothandizira kuti azitha kulandira mbewu, komanso kuti azitha kuchiza matenda a fungal. Chitsanzo cha fungicide ndi Bordeaux madzi amadziwika kuti chilimwe okhala ndi wamaluwa.
Ordan, Oxyhom, Readzol, Strobe, Switch, DNOK, Quadris, Acrobat MC, Previkur Energy, Antrakol amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda.
Zokonda kukula
Mitundu ya thupi, yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri yomwe ingathe kupititsa patsogolo kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa zomera. Zingathandizenso kukula kwa mbali imodzi ya zomera: Mwachitsanzo, kuletsa vegetative ndikufulumizitsa fruiting. 
Otsutsa
Ndalama zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tiziyambitsa. Ichi ndi msampha. Ankafuna kukopa tizilombo kuti tiwonongeke.
Odala
Mosiyana ndi magulu ambiri a mankhwala ophera tizilombo, otsutsa alibe zotsatira zowononga, koma zotsatira zowononga. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Masiku ano nthawi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito obwezera.
Chemosterilizers
Zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti tizilombo tizilombo tibereke. Izi "zotsatira za kusabereka" zingayambitse onse mwa akazi ndi amuna.
Ndikofunikira! Froberberries amatha kukwaniritsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mpaka posachedwa, malo oyamba anali ndi apulo.
Mwa zochita
Njira yoloweramo mankhwala, komanso njira zosiyana zogwirira ntchito pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zimatipangitsa kusiyanitsa magulu otsatirawa.
Lumikizanani
Njira zoterezi zimagwirizana nawo.
M'mimba
Zinthu zimenezi zimayambitsa poizoni chakudya cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chomwe chimabweretsa imfa yowonjezera.
Zosintha
Zimakhudza mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo, kufalikira kupyolera mu iyo, kuwononga thupi.
Fumigant
Zopweteka poizoni zimatha kupyolera mu njira yopuma.
Ndi poizoni
Pakuti kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo tina a chinthu chimodzi kumafuna ndondomeko yaing'ono, ndi ena - kilogalamu. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa kwambiri ali ngati mawonekedwe a mpweya, mafinya ndi mists. Mlingo wa poizoni wa wothandizira akhoza kukhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku gulu la kupha kapena kubwezera. 
Pofuna kudziwa mlingo umenewu, chiwerengero chakupha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chinapangitsa kufa kwa zinyama 50 panthawi ya kuyesa.
Mphamvu
Mliri wakupha wa mankhwala ophera tizilombowa ndi 50 mg / kg ("Aldrin").
Kwambiri poizoni
Kuchokera 50 mpaka 200 mg / makilogalamu a zinthu zoterezi ndi kokwanira kuti zotsatira zake zisawonongeke ("Dieldrin", "Endrin", "Heptachlor").
Zophatikizapo poizoni
Kuopsa kwa amtundu wa 200 mpaka 1000 mg / kg amalola kuti awaitane moyenera (Mirex, Chlordan, DDT).
Low toxicity
Lembani mankhwala ochepa kwambiri - oposa 1000 mg / kg ("hexachlorobenzene").
Ndikofunikira! Anthu ogwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha kuperewera ndi kupuma, pambuyo pake ayenera kumwedwa.
Kufotokozera mwachidule, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti zotsatira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa anthu sizinali funso lomaliza. Asayansi ambiri amanena kuti mankhwala oterewa akuwononga osati tizilombo to mbeu komanso mbewu, komanso anthu. Ndipotu, podya chipatso chochokera ku chiwembu chophatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ifenso timadya poizoni. Powapewa, pali zifukwa zambiri zothandizira mankhwala: musanagwiritse ntchito, perekani masamba ndi zipatso ndi mankhwala a soda, citric asidi ndi madzi kapena soak mu madzi a acetic.
