Mmene mungagwirire ndi oats zakutchire

Oat Wild (oats mwangozi) ndi imodzi mwa udzu woopsa kwambiri, womwe umagwirizana bwino ndi chilengedwe chilichonse ndipo ndi wachibale wamba wa oats. Amamera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe pakati pa mbewu za mbewu zambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumene mbewu za tirigu zimamera. Atapyola ndondomeko yaitali ya chisinthiko, oats zakutchire lerolino amaposa ena ambiri namsongole. Pakalipano, pali mitundu 8 ya zomera: zachilendo, kumpoto, yaitali-fruited, thick-fruited, ndevu, wosabereka, kum'mwera ndi ubweya.

Zamkatimu:

• Kuvulaza
• Zotsatira zoletsa
• Agrotechnical receptions
• Ogwira herbicides

Kodi namsongole amawoneka bwanji?

Zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira zomera izi nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa udzu uwu umawoneka mofanana ndi oats wamba. Koma, mosiyana ndi mbewu za oats zomwe zimadyetsedwa, mbewu za oats, zogwirizana ndi nsanja ya akavalo pansi, kucha kumakhala mdima, pafupifupi mthunzi wakuda. Mphepete mwa mawondo a nyama zakutchire ndi mawonekedwe a helix, omwe amapeza mwa kupotoza mozungulira, ndizo zizindikiritso za kuti pali namsongole patsogolo panu, osati mbewu. Oat Wild ali ndi mizu yabwino, fibrous, yomwe imalowa m'nthaka mpaka masentimita 150. Mtengo wosadulika wa chomera umakhala wolemera masentimita 60 mpaka 120, womwe umasiyanitsa ndi oats omwe amamera, omwe tsinde lake lili pansi. Masamba a mzere wochulukirapo, woposa 30 masentimita kutalika, ali ndi malire pambali, ali ndi lilime.

Mukudziwa? Mafuta a oats ndi osatheka kusiyanitsa ndi mbewu za oat, chifukwa ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo, kulemera kwake, kukula kwake, mtundu wa mamba. Izi zimabweretsa mavuto akuluakulu polimbana ndi oat nyama zakutchire komanso kulekana kwa mbewu zake kuchokera ku zokolola za mbewu zina.

Pofotokoza za oat wamba, nkofunika kumvetsera za inflorescence ndi mbewu, mothandizidwa ndi zomera zomwe zimafalitsa. Inflorescence ndi phokoso la oblong lomwe lili ndi mipira itatu. Mbewu yamatchi yakuthengo imatsekedwa m'maluwa amaluwa ndikugwa nawo. Nyemba zamtunduwu zimakhala zoboola kapena zoboola. Chomera chimodzicho chimapanga mbewu zokwana 700. Oats amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu zokha. Mitundu ina ya panicle mitundu iwiri ya mbewu:

• Mbewu zazikulu zapafupi, zomwe zimapanga 70 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha zipatso. Amachotsa kenako ndikuphimba mfundo zobzala. Nthawi yopumula - miyezi itatu.
• Pamwamba - mdima, waung'ono, womwe uli ndi nthawi yaitali kwa miyezi 22 ndipo umagwa kale, ukukwera kuchokera pa kuya kwa masentimita 10-12.

Kusungunuka kwa tizilombo ta panicle kumawoneka mosagwirizana ndipo iwo amachotsa mosiyana: kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Njira yotere imayambitsa nthawi yotaya - pafupi mwezi. Choncho, kuti tichotse namsongole, kungokuwombera, sizingatheke, chifukwa nambala yambiri ya mbeu idzakhala ili pansi.

Phunzirani mmene mungagwirire ndi mahatchi, nthula, snyyu, dandelion, nettle, birch, euphorbia, kudya, quinoa, parrot, purslane pa webusaitiyi.

Pamene mbewu za oat zimadulidwa, sizikusowa zofunikira kuti muyambe kukumba pansi. Zokwanira kuti mvula yagwetse. Kuchulukitsa kwa oats kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kubzala mbeu zomwe zimalidwa m'munda womwewo kwa zaka zambiri popanda kupuma.

Kuvulaza

Mutatsimikiza kuti oat ndi yotani, muyenera kuziyika malonda:

• Dothi limatseka ndi kutha. Chimodzi mwa zinthu za oat ndi kubzala mofulumira kwa mbewu. Chifukwa cha ichi, mbewu zake zimayamba kuphulika musanayambe kukolola chakudya cha kasupe, kutentha kwambiri nthaka ndi tirigu. Mlingo wa kuvala kumadalira chiwerengero cha mbewu zomwe zinali ndi nthawi yopanga, makhalidwe awo, nthawi yakucha ndi kukhetsa. Popeza mbewu zamphongo ndi zing'onozing'ono zimatsanulidwira pamaso pa zikuluzikulu, zimatseketsa nthaka. Popeza udzu wamtunduwu umatentha nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa mbewu za tirigu, motsogoleredwa ndi nthaka, izi zingathe kuwononga mbewu kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka chilala.
• Kukolola kotsekedwa. Mbewu zazikulu zimakhalabe mu spikelet (masiku 30-40), kotero pokolola ndi kupuntha zokolola m'mabwato ndi mbeu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu za oats zakutchire zomwe zimapezeka. Pamene chiwerengero cha oat chomera chimadutsa 50 pa m2, zokolola za tirigu zimatsika ndi 20%. Pali nthawi pamene chiwerengero cha mbewu zambewu mumbewu ndi nthawi 20 kuchuluka kwa mbewu za tirigu. Mbeu zamsongole zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zisiyane ndi mbewu za oat kapena balere omwe amadyetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, mbeu zazing'ono zimatha kuwononga nthaka, ndi zikuluzikulu - mbeu. Mtengo wa tirigu wosakanizidwa ndi mbeu ya oat ndi wochepetsedwa kwambiri: mu nkhono zosakwanira za oats, chifukwa cha tsitsi lake lolimba ndi mitsempha yowonongeka, kudyetsa ziweto zawo kungayambitse kutupa kwa tsamba lakupuma ndi mucous membrane; kusakaniza mbewu zake, oats zakutchire amachepetsa ubwino wa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, amachepetsa mtengo wake pamsika: oat mbewu, kusakaniza ndi tirigu tirigu, perekani ufa wonyezimira ndi tart kukoma.

Ndikofunikira! Oats a zinyama amakhala ovulaza kwa nyama pokhapokha atapanga panicle. Ovus, mowed musanapange panicle, amapanga udzu wofanana ndi oats ndipo angakhale ngati chakudya chabwino cha ziweto.

• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Swedish ntchentche, thrips, smut, nematodes) zomwe zimawononga tirigu ndi mbewu zina.
• Kuteteza matenda osiyanasiyana.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ya tirigu. Nthanga kapena hybrids za oats zakutchire ndi mitundu ya mitundu, monga lamulo, zaka zoyambirira sizimasiyana ndi oat wamba, koma pakapita nthawi zimagawanika, zomera zowona oatsuzhnye zimagawanika, mbewu zawo zimagwa ndi kuyala pansi. Kotero udzu umagawidwa kumene poyamba sunali.

Zotsatira zoletsa

Popeza mavuto a udzu uwu ndi ofunikira, kufunika kulimbana nawo kumakhala koonekeratu. Kuti mudziwe mmene mungagwirire ndi namsongole wamsongole, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zifukwa zomwe zimachulukitsira ndikuwonekera m'malo omwe sizinalipo kale. Zomwe zikuthandizira kuphulika ndi kufalikira kwa zomera:

1. Kupanda chipatso chosasinthika kumasinthasintha pa mbeu: Kusakhala ndi magawo oletsa kutentha kwa nthaka (tirigu wachisanu - shuga beet - mapira), kukula kwa mtundu umodzi wa mbewu.
2. Kufesa nthaka yozizira pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe zachedwa kuchedwa.
3. Kusakhala ndi nthunzi yoyera.
4. Kulima molima ndi kuyendetsa bwino.
5. Kupanda tierrovaniye poyeretsa mbewu.
6. Nkhumba zambiri za oat m'nthaka.
7. Kusungira bwino manyowa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa nthaka.

Pali njira zambiri zovomerezeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetseratu namsongolewa: amagwiritsira ntchito njira zamagetsi ndi mankhwala.

Mukudziwa? Mazira oopsa ndi owopsa kwa mbewu zomwe zafesedwa kumayambiriro. Mavuto azachuma ake: Mbewu za tirigu yozizira - ma PC 20 / m2, mbewu za masika - ma PC 16 / m2, pamene chithokomiro ndi 50 makilogalamu / m2, zokolola zachepetsedwa ndi 20%, ndi ma 300m / m2 - maulendo anayi, ndi ma PC 450 / m2 - kasanu kapena kuposerapo .

Agrotechnical receptions

• Gwiritsani ntchito kayendedwe ka mbeu (pentapole). Kulima zitsamba, mbewu zomwe sizikuthandizira kubzala zipatso zakutchire.
• Kutsata ndondomeko yosungirako ndikukonzekera feteleza panthaka.
• Kusungidwa kwa Mbewu pogwiritsira ntchito Oryus kutentha ndi selo yosiyanasiyana diameter kwa mbewu zosiyana, kuyeretsa makina ndi zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pogwira ntchito kumunda.
• Kuwonongeka kwa zinyama zakutchire pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe usanayambe kufesa mbewu pogwiritsira ntchito njira yokwiyitsa (kutseka kwa chinyezi, kugwiritsira ntchito feteleza mchere, chifukwa cha oats zimayambira kale ndipo zingathetsedwe ndi kulima kumeneku).

Ogwira herbicides

The mankhwala njira ya udzu ulamuliro akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa ulimi zochita ndipo ndi ogwira kuwonongedwa osyuzhnyh zomera. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mosamala komanso pokhapokha ngati nambala ya namsongole ikuposa kuchuluka kwa momwe mawonekedwe amagwiritsira ntchito.

Musanayambe kulima nthaka ndi mbewu, ndibwino kuti muyambe kufufuza za mbeu za m'minda, zomwe zingadziwe ngati mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimachitidwa osati kupeŵa zotsatira za mankhwala pa mbeu, komanso kuti apulumutse, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicides ndi okwera mtengo ndipo palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ndalama ngati mutha kuthana ndi chithandizo cha agrotechnical njira.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuyendetsa bwino mbewu zambiri za oat, ndibwino kugwiritsira ntchito kukonzekera, zomwe zili ndi glyphosate monga maziko.

Mungathe kulimbana ndi chomera ichi mothandizidwa ndi herbicides monga:

• Avantix Extra (kupopera mbewu za mbewu mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha namsongole);
• "Axial" (kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kasupe kuchokera ku gawo la masamba awiri mpaka kumapeto kwa kulima kwa oats obiriwira);
• "Dope" (kutulutsa minofu kumayambiriro oyambirira a chitukuko cha namsongole);
• "Zowonjezereka Zowonjezera" (kukonzekera kumayambiriro oyambirira a chitukuko cha oats);
• "Polgar" (kupopera mbewu kumapeto kwa udzu wa zamasamba, kuyambira pa masamba awiri mpaka kumapeto kwa tillering);
• "Mutu" (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'chaka chakumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa udzu).

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa monga oats, monga ena ambiri, sichidziwitsidwa ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe, chiwerengero cha kukula kwa udzu.

Herbicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku udzu: Roundup, Ground, Prima, Zencor, Agrokiller, Stomp, Lontrel-300.

Udzu wovulaza - nyama yamtchire, yomwe imawoneka mofanana ndi oats wamba, imadetsa osati mbewu zokha, yomwe imafalikira, komanso nthaka, kuyanika ndi kuyimitsa. Ndi owopsa kwa nyama ndipo amakopa tizilombo towononga mbewu zina. Mungathe kulimbana ndi chomerachi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi kapena mankhwala. Pokonzekera kupopera mbeu ndi herbicides, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti ndizofunikira komanso njira zosathandiza.