Ngati mukuganiza kuti kusonkhanitsa tomato pamtengo n'kotheka pazinthu zamakono ndi malingaliro, ndiye mukulakwitsa kwambiri. Odyetsa apereka mwayi kwa onse okonda tomato. Ndipo mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa f1 umadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi kukula kwake. Iyi ndi chimphona cha tomato ndi dzina lopambana tomarillo kapena tsifomandra. Komanso m'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za zozizwitsa za zodabwitsa za nthawi yaitali komanso zinsinsi za kulima kwawo.
Zamkatimu:
Zizindikiro za chimphona chachikulu cha phwetekere
Ngakhale kuti lero mtengo wa phwetekere kwa alimi ambiri a ndiwo zamasamba umakhala chinsinsi chachilendo, uli kale zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Zipatso za chomera choyambacho zinatha kuyesa asayansi a New Zealand. Anapatsidwa dzina la zamalonda kuchokera ku phwetekere la Chisipanishi, lomwe linkamasulira kuti "chikasu chapamwamba."
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wa phwetekere watchuka chifukwa cha New Zealand entrepreneurs. Izi zinachitika m'nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, pamene zipatso za citrus, mananali ndi nthochi zomwe zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Ulaya zinatheratu m'misika ya ku New Zealand. M'masiku amenewo, zokolola za m'dzikoli zimafuna ndalama zambiri, choncho amalonda am'deralo amapereka ogula zipatso zosazindikiritsa, zomwe zinkazindikiritsidwa ndi kulemera kwake.
Botanists amatchula banja la Solanaceae Solanaceae, ndipo zipatso zake zimatchedwa zipatso. Akatswiri ena amaona kuti chikhalidwe ndi chipatso, ndipo ena amakhala ngati masamba.
Malingana ndi maonekedwe akunja ndi kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, phwetekere ya Octopus ndi yaing'ono yobiriwira yomwe imatha kukhala ngati mtengo wachitsamba kapena shrub. Amadziwika ndi makulidwe othamanga mpaka kufika mamita atatu, masamba akuluakulu ovundukuka ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ndi zofiira zofiira. Pafupifupi, zipatso zazing'ono 12 zimakula kuchokera mulu uliwonse wa maluwa. Ali ndi khungu lonyezimira la thupi lachikasu, lofiira, lofiirira ndi la pinki. Mkati mwa tomato muli zipinda za mbewu zomwe zimapsa. Zipatso zonse sizitali kuposa masentimita 10.
Phunzirani zambiri za tomato monga: tomato pinki, novice, chitumbuwa, komanso mitundu yambiri - "Kate", "Bobkat" ndi "Aelita Sanka".
Iwo ali oyenerera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu yaiwisi yaiwisi ndi zamzitini. Kuphatikiza apo, zamkati zimadulidwa mu blender zimaphatikizidwanso ku cocktails ndi smoothies. Tamarillo sichisungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo imakhala ikuwonongeka panthawi yopititsa.
Ndikofunikira! Zapadera za zipatso za mtengo wa phwetekere ndizosawerengeka. Musanayambe kudya kapena kumalongeza muyenera kuchotsedwa. Pachifukwachi, mabulosi amatsanulira ndi madzi otentha kwa theka la ora kapena kudula pakati komanso mkati mwasankhidwa ndi supuni.
Digomandra ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri pa chisamaliro, sichimawombera ndipo chimatchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zabwino. Ndi njira zoyenera zaulimi, zipatso zokwana 10 kg zimatha kukolola kuchokera ku tsinde limodzi. Ena wamaluwa amakula ndi wosakanizidwa nyengo, pamene ena amakumba mizu m'nyengo yozizira. Monga njira ina, mungaganizire kubzala mbande mu mbiya.
Kukula mbande
Kuti apeze chitsamba chokwanira, akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito rassadny njira. Tiyeni tifufuze tsatanetsatane momwe tingamerekere mbatata phwima Kukonzekera kwina kulikonse.
Kusankha Mbewu
Mwina izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchitoyo ichitike bwino mtsogolo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukusonkhanitsa zokolola kuchokera ku zipatso zogulidwa pamsika ndikukula tamarillo kunja kwa iwo, kenaka konzekerani zokhumudwitsa.
Octopus ndi wosakanizidwa ndipo mbewu zake ziyenera kugula m'masitolo apadera. Kumbukirani kuti iyi ndi nthawi yosavuta, ndipo simungapeze pamasitolo amsewu. Mukamagula, yang'anani mosamala phukusilo, yang'anani kupezeka kwa holograms. Mitundu iyi idzakupulumutsani ku fake.
Mukudziwa? Mavitamini amapezeka mu chipatso chopangidwa ndi cyphomandry: C, PP, A, E, B2, B6, B9. Ndiponso palinso chitsulo, magnesium, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi calcium. 100 magalamu a zipatso zokwana 50 kilocalories.
Malamulo ofesa
Ndi bwino kugula mitengo ya phwetekere m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa muzaka khumi za February, nyengo yofesedwa yayandikira kale. Agronomists amalangiza kuti musazengereze izi, popeza kuti mbeu isanakwane, mbewuzo ziyenera kufika mamitala.
Mphamvu ndi nthaka
Kubzala mbewu za cyphomandry zikufanana kwambiri ndi tomato wamba ndi tsabola. Kusiyana kokha ndikopangidwe. Iyenera kusankhidwa kuganizira kukula kwake kwa mphukira. Ndibwino kuti apange mbewu m'mabokosi akuluakulu a matabwa omwe sangathenso kuchoka ku kukula kwa zimayambira. Musanadzalemo, ndithudi amafunika kutetezedwa ndi matenda a potaziyamu permanganate. Alimi amakono a masamba ndiwo amakonda mapiritsi a peat, omwe amathiridwa mu makapu apulasitiki asanayambe kufesa. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino kukula mbande, chifukwa sichifuna maphikidwe ndi kupereka chikhalidwe ndi zakudya zisanayambe kubzala pamalo osatha. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mizu siidapweteke panthawiyi. Kwa mtengo wa phwetekere, njirayi ndi yolandiridwa, chifukwa m'tsogolomu mbewu sizidzasowa. Ikani mapiritsiwo nthawi yomweyo m'miphika yabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Odziwa bwino wamaluwa akukulangizani kuti mulowerere mbewu zake mu kukula stimulator yankho kwa maola ambiri musanadzale cyphomandry. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa: "Emistim", "Kornevin", "Acrobat MC", "Ekosil".
Mbande ya tamarillo imakonzedwa m'dzinja monga gawo la peat, humus, mtsinje mchenga, sod ndi munda nthaka. Bukuli lachikale ndi loyenera kwa mbewu zambiri za masamba. Sakanizani zitsulo zonse, ikani chidebecho ndi nthaka yosakaniza pamalo otentha. Panthawi yobzala imapanga microflora zofunikira kuti mbewu imere. Ngati chisanakhale chisanu musanakhale ndi nthawi yokonzekera pansi, muyenera kugula.
Kufesa mbewu
Pamene mabokosi okhala ndi nthaka yonyowa ali okonzekera kubzala, mbewu za cyphomandry zimabzalidwa mumitsinje ing'onoing'ono mpaka masentimita 1-1.5, ndikusiya pakati pawo mkati mwa masentimita awiri.Ndipo mbewuzo zimadulidwa ndi gawo lopanda madzi, kenako limadzazidwa ndi pulasitiki.
Ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito ndi mapiritsi a peat, tchulani madziwo mpaka mutatha. Kenaka tumizani tirigu mu chidebe chilichonse. Phimbani pamwamba pa mphika ndi kapu ya pulasitiki kapena muyike ndi thumba la cellophane.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mutagulitsa mudzapeza tamarillo, kugula zipatso ndi mtundu wunifolomu yunifolomu ndi tsinde lakuthwa. Izi ndizizindikiro zoyambirira za khalidwe lawo. Zipatso zimenezi, zikagwedezeka, utoto umapangidwanso mwamsanga, palibe mawanga pa khungu. Masiku ano, New Zealand imaonedwa kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri komanso yogulitsa za tomato zodabwitsa.
Kumera zinthu
Mosasamala kanthu kuti mbewu zimabzalidwa mabokosi a matabwa kapena miphika ya peat, m'magulu awiriwa, muli ndi "bedi" ayenera kutumizidwa kumalo otentha ndi ofunika. Kuti kutuluka kwadzidzidzi kumathamanga kutentha kwake kumakhala pakati pa 28 - 30 ° C. Ndi bwino kuyika chidebecho pa betri. Ngati palibe zotheka, ndipo malo okhawo abwino ndiwindo lazenera, onetsetsani kuti muyika choyimira kapena chidutswa chaching'ono pansi pa chidebecho.
M'tsogolomu, ndizofunika kuyika mbande kumbali ya kummwera, komwe ultraviolet idzatentha kwa maola 5-8. Apo ayi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zowonjezera za nyali za tsiku. Mphamvu zawo zitha kupitsidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito chinsalu choyang'ana patsogolo pawindo.
Kusamalira mbande
Mbewu yoyamba ikamera kuchokera kumaso, kutentha mu chipinda kungachepetse kufika 20 ° C. Mphukira ya mlungu uliwonse ikhoza kusungidwa kale pansi pa malo okhalamo. Kutentha kotereku kumathandiza kuti chomeracho chikhazikitse ndi kusinthasintha pazomwe zili mumsewu.
Mukudziwa? Digomandra amayamba kubala chipatso ali ndi zaka ziwiri ndikukhala zaka 15. Kuwonjezera apo, musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mutsegule "bedi" kuti muzimitsa komanso nthawi kuti muzitha kuyaka nthaka. Musati muwatsanulire, ndi zoipa kwa tamarillo. Chikhalidwe chimakonda kuchulukira koma mobwerezabwereza kuthirira.
Kusaka
Njirayi imangodalira mbande zomwe zimamera mubokosi la matabwa kapena pulastiki. Ndikofunika kupita kuntchito pamene pali masamba 2-3 pa mapesi. Musachedwe ndi kusankha, chifukwa m'tsogolomu mizu yowonjezereka sichidzakulolani kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu. Choyamba, tsitsani "bedi" lanu ndikukonzekera miphika yambiri. Mukamagwiritsira ntchito zitsulo, onetsetsani kuti mukuzikonza mkati ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Pamene mphukira zidzatulutsidwa mosavuta, pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi, ziyikeni muzitsulo zatsopano. Samalani kuti musawononge woonda mizu njira.
Kuwaza mbande pamalo otseguka kapena mbiya
Mukakulira mutseguka, mtengo wa phwetekere wa Octopus f1 sichimayambitsa vuto lalikulu ndipo si wosiyana kwambiri ndi anzakewo. Izi zikuwonekera kale kuchokera pa nthawi yokweza mbande ku malo osatha. Ganizirani zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane.
Ndikofunikira! Kulima tomato pachaka kumalo amodzi kumapangitsa kuti mchere ukhale wochuluka. Mungathe kusintha vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa dolomite kapena fuzz. Malingana ndi pH ya zomwe zimachitika, pamtunda mita imodzi ya deralo ayenera kupangidwa mu 150-300 g ya mankhwalawo.
Nthawi
Mubwino zinthu, mbande ya tsifomandry mofulumira kukula. M'masabata omaliza a Meyi, amafunika kuikidwa mumsewu.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera malo
Kulima kotere kumayenera kuchitika kudera lowala kwambiri kumene madzi sangasonkhanitsidwe pakagwa mvula. Ngati chomeracho chili mu penumbra, mphukira zake zidzatambasula ndipo zidzasinthasintha. Komanso, izi zidzakhudza kuchuluka kwa zokolola. Musaiwale kuti mu mikhalidwe yapamwamba chinyezi kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a chikhalidwe cha mochedwa choipitsa ndi zina matenda fungal.
Pakukonzekera kuikidwa kwa anthu omwe akukula motero tsifomandra, ndikofunikira kulingalira otsogolera pa malo enaake. Mu gawo ili sangathe kuchita biringanya, tsabola wa Chibulgaria, tomato, mbatata. Ndipotu, pambuyo pake, zamoyo zazikuluzikulu zimakhalabe m'nthaka, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi kuvunda monga nightshade.
Agronomists amalangiza kudzala chomera pa chomera chomera chonde ndi ndale. Monga oyandikana nawo a mtengo ndi abwino: kabichi, nyemba zonse, adyo ndi anyezi. Pakukonzekera malo kubzala, chotsani namsongole ndikuchotsa nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Chaka chilichonse, anthu ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi amatha matani oposa 60 miliyoni a tomato.
Njira ndi ndondomeko
Kwa tamarillo, kukumba dzenje lofanana ndi mizu. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti apange pafupifupi 30 masentimita m'lifupi ndi 50 masentimita akuya. Onetsetsani kuti mumathira chidebe cha zakudya zosakaniza pansi pa dzenje. Zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku magawo ofanana a sod, peat, humus, sawdust, phulusa. M'mayiko othawa, sikupweteka kubweretsa supuni 1 ya superphosphate, urea, ndi potassium sulphate.
Chikopa cha nkhuni ndi kumapeto kwazitsulo chimayendetsedwa pakatikati pa nthawi yopuma. Ngati mukufuna kukomangira nthambi za razloie ku trellis, izi sizikufunika.
Mu dzenje lambiri lambiri, chomeracho chimachotsedwa mu mphika pamodzi ndi nsalu yokometsetsa pansi, yopaka ndi kuthira nthaka yatsopano. Pofuna kumera msika, sungani mtunda wa pakati pa mamita 2 ngati kukula kwa malo sikuloleza mtundu woterewu, ndikulimbikitsanso kuti muwonjezere kutalika kwa mzere wokhala pakati pazomera zakuda.
Alimi ena amalima mtengo wa phwetekere mu barre. Zikatero, mukufunikira chotengera chochuluka popanda pansi. Kwa aeration ya mizu m'makoma ake, m'pofunika kuponya mabowo molingana ndi dongosolo 25 X 20 cm Pambuyo poyendetsa, mbiyayi imayikidwa pamalo otentha kwambiri komanso dzuwa, ndiyeno limaphatikizidwa ndi dothi lapadera lomwe limamera ndipo limamera mphukira imodzi yokha.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthamanga kwa tomato kumakhala kovuta kutsutsa nsabwe za nsabwe za m'masamba, tsikadok, zinyama ndi tizilombo tina zoipa.
Kulima ndi zothandizira
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti tamarillo sayenera kugwirizana ndi thermophilic kunja kwa dziko chifukwa cha zovuta za kulima kwake. Komatu, zonse sizili zovuta. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupereka mtengo ndi chinyezi chofunikira ndi feteleza, nthawi yoyera kuyeretsa malo odzala kuchokera ku nyemba zamtchire ndikupanga njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tidzatha kumvetsetsa zonsezi.
Yambani
Pamene mukukula mtengo wa phwetekere, nkofunika kusamalira chithandizo chake nthawi yomweyo pamene mukulitsa mbande. Pochita izi, mungagwiritse ntchito mapepala obiriwira omwe amapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena pulasitiki. Mukhozanso kumangirira chitsamba kumalo osungunula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito trellis.
Ndibwino kuti musunge nthambi za tamarillo kuti zithandizidwe ndi tepi ya nsalu. Waya, nsomba zazingwe ndi zina zovuta zomwe zingathe kuwononga zimayambira sizili zoyenera pazinthu izi. Mbeu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ziyenera kumangirizidwa mwamsanga pamphepete, mwinamwake tsinde silingakhale lolemera ndi kupumula.
Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri amalangiza mulch pristvolnye mabowo kuzungulira tchire la tsifomandry mowed udzu. Nkhumba iyi imapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi zakudya zowonjezera komanso zimapangitsa kuti likhale losavuta, popanda kukhudza acidity.
Kuthirira
Monga mbeu zonse zowonongeka, fereji ya digito imafuna chinyezi chokwanira cha juiciness cha chipatso. Koma kupitirira kwake kumapangitsa maonekedwe a fungal ndi mabakiteriya, omwe amachititsa matenda. Choncho, muyenera kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono. Ena wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti apange dzenje la pristvolnuyu dzenje ndikutsanulira madzi osati pazu, koma mu mzere umenewo. Njira zonsezi zimapangidwa madzulo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbeuyo ikhale yovuta kutentha.
Kupeta namsongole
Kutulutsa zomera zosafunikira si fad ya aesthetes, koma chofunikira. Malo okonzeka okha ndiwo zomera zomwe zimalima zimalandira zowonjezera zakudya zopanda zovuta kwa iwo. Popanda kutero, ayenera kutsogolera mphamvu zake ndi chuma chake kuti asapite patsogolo ndikukula, koma kuti adye chakudya chabwino.
Mukudziwa? Zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi poizoni wa tomato m'chaka cha 1820 zinkatha kuthamangitsa Colonel wa ku America Robert Gibbon. Zinachitika ku New Jersey, pomwepo pa mapazi a Salem Court. Potsutsa chigamulo cha khoti pamaso pa gulu la zikwi zambiri, asilikali adya chidebe cha zipatso zofiira. Komabe, amayi ena adataya chidziwitso, pamene ena, mu ziyembekezo za imfa yoopsa ya Gibbon, adamutcha madokotala nthawi isanakwane.
Komanso, namsongole ndi malo abwino kwa tizirombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndicho chifukwa chake agronomists amalangiza kuchotsa zomera zonse zosafunika ndikumasula nthaka. Chotsani sapka kokha muyenera kusamala kuti musamawonongeke mwakuya kwa mizu.
NthaƔi zambiri, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito (herbicides) monga: Ground, Lontrel-300, Roundup, Lazurit.
Kupaka pamwamba
Akatswiri amalangiza nthawi ya manyowa tamarillo milungu iwiri iliyonse, kusakaniza zinthu ndi mchere. Koma nkofunika kulingalira momwe chikhalidwecho chimakhalira.
Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, nkofunika kufotokoza zitsulo za nayitrogeni pansi pa mizu. Kuti izi zitheke kuchokera ku theka la lita imodzi ya mullein kulowetsedwa (akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi zitosi za nkhuku), 10 malita a madzi ndi 30 g wa nitrophoska.
M'tsogolo, tsifomandra adzafunikira phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza. Azimayi ena amawonjezera phulusa ndi nkhuku ku madzi. Yankho lachidule limakonzedwa kuchokera ku malita 10 a madzi ndipo limatenga 1 tbsp. l superphosphate kapena potaziyamu humate ndi nitrophoska. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zisapangidwe nitrates.
Kupititsa patsogolo maluwa, ndipo pofuna kusunga mazira asanatulukidwe, zimayenera kupepetsedwa kawiri ndi yankho la boric asidi yokonzedwa mu chiƔerengero cha 1 g: 1 l.
Samalani, chifukwa ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni zizindikiro zomwezo zikuwonetsedwa pamene zikukula chikhalidwe muzizira.
Ndikofunikira! Alimi ena akamabzala mtengo wa phwetekere amalangizidwa nthawi yomweyo atabzala nyemba yatsopano pamalo atsopano, ikani botolo la pulasitala asanu pa mapesi popanda khosi ndi pansi. Iye ali ndi dziko lapansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thunthu liwonjezere mizu yowonjezera kuchokera ku tsinde, zomwe zimapangitsa kukolola.
Kupewa Matenda
Octopus imatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane zovuta za tizirombo, koma, mwatsoka, ziyenera kutetezedwa ku matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya. Kukula kwawo kumathandizidwa ndi kutentha, dampness komanso mpweya wabwino. Muzochitika zoterezi, munthu sayenera kuyembekezera zizindikiro zowonongeka, fusarium, ndi mitundu yovunda yosiyanasiyana.
Kuonjezera apo, chomeracho chiyenera kupulumutsidwa kuchoka ku Colorado kafadala, kamene kamakonzedwa ku zokonzekera zambiri za agrochemical ndipo amakondwera kwambiri ndi nightshade.
Kusunga mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zenizeni. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, musadumphe mtengo ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muzipanga mankhwala oopsa. Mbiri yabwino ya wamaluwa anapeza fungicides: "Maxim", "Fundazol", "Skor".
Kukolola
Nthawi ya fruiting mu tsifomandry kumatenga mpaka kugwa. Choncho, kukolola kwa zipatso kudzayenera kuthana ndi nthawi, monga momwe zilili ndi zovuta zamitundu ya phwetekere. Ngati mtengo unakula msinkhu, nthambi zake zimadulidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 20 ndipo pambuyo pake zipatsozo zimachotsedwa. Amakumba mizu ndi kubzala mu mphika wa maluwa m'nyengo yozizira, kenako amaibwezera ku bedi lakumunda m'chaka.
Ngati tamarillo imakula mu mbiya, zipatsozo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kuti zisasokoneze nthambi. Mu malo ovuta kufika, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Mwa njira, ndi zophweka kuti azidzipangira okha ndi ndodo yaitali komanso botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa. Kumbukirani kuti tomato amenewa amavuta kwambiri pamene akugwera ndikukankhira. Ndipo musaiwale pamene mumagwiritsa ntchito kuchotsa pakhungu.
Maganizo okhudza mtengo wa phwetekere ndi osiyana. Ena amadandaula za vuto la kukula chimphona. Ena amalankhula za mbewu yake yodalirika, yomwe sadziwa choti achite. Ndipo ena amakondwera kuti anaphimba mabanja awo ndi achibale awo ndi zipatso zothandiza. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa maganizo anu.