"Double superphosphate": fetereza, ntchito m'munda

Funso la kusankha feteleza silikugwirizana ndi wamaluwa. Koma sizaphweka kugula choyenera - pali ambiri a iwo pamsika, ndipo si onse omwe angakhoze kuzilingalira.

Zomwe zifunikira zikhalebe zosasinthika: kuvala pamwamba kumapangitsa kuti zokolola zisapitirire komanso zisamayende bwino.

Timaphunzira zambiri za imodzi mwazolembazi, poganizira zomwe zimatanthauza "Double Super Phosphate" ndipo ndizomwe zimapangidwira.

Kufotokozera ndi kupanga

Manyowawa amapezeka ndi ntchito ya sulfuric acid pazinthu zachilengedwe (makamaka phosphates). Kawirikawiri, zojambula zikuwoneka ngati izi: zipangizo zawonongeka pa kutentha pamwamba pa +140 ° C, pambuyo pake palimodzi zimatulutsidwa, zotsatiridwa ndi kuyanika mu dramu yapadera.

Pofuna "kufinya" katundu wambiri ndikuwonjezera moyo wa alumali, misalayo imachizidwa ndi ammonia kapena choko.

Zotsatira zake ndizopanga, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi monohydrate calcium dihydroorthophosphate. Akatswiri a zamagetsi amachitcha kuti Ca H2O4 ndi kuwonjezera pa H2O.

Ndikofunikira! Pogulitsa pali phukusi limene phosphorus yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili mu granules imasonyezedwa. Izi sizowonongeka - opanga amapanga mankhwala a feteleza A ndi B, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyana za zinthu zazikulu.

Panopa, mukhoza kuona kusiyana kwa standard superphosphate - "kawiri" mulibe calcium sulphate admixture (ndipo imakhala ngati ballast, kuwonjezera kulemera).

M'magulu awa a imvi muli:

• phosphorus (43-55%);
• nayitrogeni (mpaka 18%);
• calcium (14%);
• sulfure (5-6%).
• microcomponents monga mawonekedwe a manganese (2%), boron (0,4%), molybdenum (0.2%) ndi zinc ndi chitsulo (0.1% aliyense). Gawo la zinthu zina ndi dongosolo lapang'ono kwambiri.

Zimasungunuka bwino m'madzi (chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa gypsum), ngakhale sizimangofuna nthawi zonse. Kumbali inanso, kusokonezeka uku kumayesedwa ndi makhalidwe angapo othandiza.

Phindu pa ena

Manyowawa ndi okongola chifukwa:

• alibe "ballast" yomangiriza;
• bwino kumalimbikitsa kukula;
• Chifukwa cha nayitrogeni, chiwerengero cha mazira ochulukirapo pa zomera chikuwonjezeka, ndipo ichi chiri chiyembekezo chokhala ndi zokolola zambiri;
• sulfure "imatulutsa" mbande, kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu za tirigu, mbewu zambiri zimangowonjezera mapuloteni (ndi mitundu ya mafuta, mbewu zimakhala zonenepa);

Mukudziwa? Ponsphorus mpainiya amaonedwa kuti Gennig Brand. Monga alchemists onse, German adachita zambiri zowonjezereka mu chiyembekezo chopeza moyo wautali kapena chinachake chonga icho, koma mu 1669 adalandira chosadziwika kufikira pomwepo mankhwala ofunika.

• osati poizoni kwambiri;
• ma granules samatseka, omwe ndi abwino kwa yosungirako nthawi yaitali.

Mndandandawu ndi wochititsa chidwi, ndipo zifukwazo ndi zolemetsa kwambiri. Koma fetereza iliyonse, kuphatikizapo double superphosphate, idzakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukutsatira zofunikira zonse, zomwe zimakumbutsa malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kumene kuli koyenera

Manyowa alibe zovuta zotsutsana ndipo amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yaing'ono ya khitchini komanso kumadera kumene mbewu zimakula mwakhama.

Nkhani yosiyana - yofanana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi. Kwa chernozem, mlingo wocheperako umalimbikitsidwa kuti chithandizo chisachitike. Dothi lopangira tizilombo tomwe timapanga tizilombo timene timavomereza kuti tizilandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Koma ngati nthaka ya acidic iyenera kukhala yochepa, chifukwa phosphorous kuphatikizapo calcium imakhala oxidizes chonde chomera. "Pachiwiri" sichigwiritsidwe ntchito pamadera amchere - phosphate sichikhoza kupasuka. Kusamalitsa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo pa nyengo.

Ndikofunikira! Miyendo yambiri ya asidi ikhoza kuchiritsidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, laimu (500 g) kapena phulusa (200 g) ndiwonjezeredwa kwa mita imodzi. Zoona, mankhwala a phosphate pamtunda wotere angagwiritsidwe ntchito kale kuposa mwezi umodzi mutatha kukonzekera.

Ntchito yaikulu ndi April kapena September. Pachifukwa ichi, chidachi chimayikidwa mozama, pamtunda wa mbewu. Ngati pulojekiti ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kukumba kumafunikanso (mwinamwake phosphorous imatengedwa mosagwirizana ndi dera).

Mu Meyi, pamene mukufesa ndi kubzala, chakudya choyamba chimapangidwa - granules imayikidwa bwino mu dzenje, mozama ngati mbeu.

Monga mukufunira, chithandizo chamakono chikuchitika, ngati ovary akufooka kapena masamba akhala osasangalatsa. Apa ndi pamene nayitrogeni imalowa mkati, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri zomera.

Pakuti mbewu ndi ziti zoyenera

Mndandanda wa "makasitomala" a chida ichi ndi waukulu kwambiri, umaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya zomera, zipatso ndi tirigu.

Pamwamba pavala kuvala bwino:

• nkhaka;
• tomato;
• kabichi;
• kaloti;
• mphukira;
• nyemba;
• raspberries ndi strawberries;
• mtengo wa apulo;
• chitumbuwa;
• peyala;
• mphesa

Kawirikawiri, koma amafunika phosphorous zowonjezera anyezi, tsabola ndi biringanya. Angathe kuwonjezera currants ndi gooseberries. Mitundu yambiri ya beets, radishes ndi radishes kusowa phosphorous siopsya.

Mukudziwa? M'masiku akale, anthu ena achipembedzo ankagwiritsa ntchito phosphorous kuti "asinthe" zithunzi zojambula zoyera. Patapita nthaŵi, iwo anadetsedwa, koma atapukutira ndi nsalu yothira mu hydrogen peroxide, iwo adapeza mdima wonyezimira - sulphide wakuda (zoyera zoyera) anachita, n'kukhala sulphate wotsogolera. Chiwerengero cha anthu sankayang'ana muzinthu izi, ndipo chigawo chonsecho chinkayang'ana nkhope yowonongeka.

Pali zovuta zina. Ngati kawiri superphosphate imatengedwa ngati feteleza wamkulu wa tomato kapena zomera zina, pulojekitiyi ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pa phukusi. Ndi "ulimi" zikhalidwe ndi zovuta kwambiri.

Kwa awiri a iwo (chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa) Kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa pellets ndi mbewu sikoyenera. Amapatsidwa mlingo wochepa (monga mwayi - amasiya feteleza pang'ono). Ndi mavuto ena a mbewu zotere sizikuwuka.

Zotsatira za ntchito

Pokonza chithandizo chotero, ambiri "amasakaniza" phosphates ndi mankhwala ena. Zosakaniza zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri (ndithudi, ngati mwawerenga molondola kuchuluka kwake). "Pachiwiri" akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi feteleza fetashi (kwa kasupe ntchito) kapena ndi nayitrogeni ndi potashi wothandizira (chifukwa cha yophukira njira). Zimaletsedwa kusokoneza. ndi urea, laimu kapena choko - ndi iwo, superphosphate imayambira pomwepo, nkukhala nthawi yomweyo "dummy".

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva funso la momwe mungasungulitsire mankhwala opangidwa ndi awiri superphosphate m'madzi wamba. Njira yosavuta yowonjezera 450-500 g ya gawo lapansi mu 5 malita a madzi otentha, osakanizika bwino. Yang'anani pa madzi: ngati palibe dothi, likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito (pamene kukhalapo kwake kumasonyeza mankhwala osauka).

Ndikofunikira! Dolomite ndi saltpeter (makamaka sodium) sizoyenera kukonzekera zosakaniza ndi phosphates yodzaza.

• 120-150 g wa pellets amatsanulira mu chidebe chowongolera cha manyowa opaka;
• sakanizani bwino;
• tsatirani masabata awiri (izi ndizovomerezeka).

Njirayi siiyezizira kwambiri, koma imakhala yogwira ntchito: phosphorous amatenga mankhwala a nayitrogeni omwe ali mu manyowa. Timatembenukira kuzinthu zoyenera kudya. Zimadalira nthawi ndi njira yokonzekera kusakaniza, komanso chikhalidwe china. Apa chirichonse chiri chophweka kwambiri:

• pa masamba "masamba" kapena pansi pa masamba amadula 35-40 g / sq. m (nthaka yosauka pamalo omwewo simungawonjezerepo kuposa 10-12 g);
• chimanga chimafunika makilogalamu 120 ndi makilogalamu 170 (pano ndalamazo zili kale pa hakita);
• 125-130 makilogalamu / ha adzakhala okwanira kwa mitundu yamasika;
• madzulo a autumn kapena kasupe kukumba, mungathe kugawaniza granules pa webusaiti pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 2-3 pa "yokhotakhota";
• m'dzinja zowamba za mitengo ya zipatso zazikulu m'dzinja mofanana mowaza pafupifupi 0,5 makilogalamu a fetereza ndi kupitiriza kukumba;
• Mukamabzala mbande m'zitsime (kuthamanga ndi muzu) pangani 3 g za chida ichi. Manyowa awiri a superphosphate amathandizanso pa mbatata, ntchito yake imachepetsedwa kukhala zofanana ndi mawu.

Mukudziwa? Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, njira zotetezera sizinali zovomerezeka, amisiri ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito ndi phosphorous kwenikweni akuwala mumdima (mpweya unalowetsedwa mu zovala zawo). Miphekisano yamzinda mwamsanga inadzaza ndi mphekesera za "mizimu" ndi "amonke owala", ngakhale kuti zinsinsi zanga sizikugwirizana nazo.

Monga mukuonera, dongosolo lokonzekera lili losavuta, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zabwino. Tikukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso ichi chidzakuthandizani kusonkhanitsa zokolola. Ndipo kulola kuyendera ku nyumbayi kumabweretsa zabwino zokha!