Nkhaka, ziribe kanthu momwe amazoloŵera ndi ozoloŵera omwe akuwoneka, alidi chikhalidwe chosamvetsetseka: ndi kosavuta kubzala, koma kovuta kupulumutsa pamene imayamba kuuma ndi kuuma.
Anthu ambiri a m'chilimwe awonapo kangapo momwe maluwa okongola obiriwira, omwe amadzala ndi maluwa ambiri ndi mazira, mumasiku ochepa chabe amatha kukhala mabala oyipa achikasu.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chake zimadalira momwe mbeu zimakonzerekera bwino, ndi mbeu yotani yomwe mungadalire pa nyengoyi.
Ndiyambe liti?
Ponena za nkhaka mbande, pali zovuta ziwiri. Anthu ena samakonda kugwira nawo ntchito yowonjezera ndipo amafesa mbewu mwachindunji pansi.
Chifukwa cha "kusalabadira" maganizo kwa masamba ndi osavuta: mbewu zake zimakula mofulumira kwambiri ndi kukula, makamaka masiku oyambirira, pamaso pathu.
Kumbali ina, zimakhala zovuta kuti muzitha kuyika chitsamba chachikulu, chosungunuka kuchokera mu mphika kupita pansi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti chikhalidwe chipirire kupsinjika.
Anthu ena osadziwa zambiri, akuyesa kubzala nkhaka za mbande nthawi yomweyo pamene akufesa tomato, eggplant, tsabola, kabichi, ndi zina. Zotsatira zake, ali ndi vuto lomwe talongosola pamwambapa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi bwino kudzala mbande za nkhaka m'zaka zitatu mpaka masabata makumi anayi asanakwane kubzala, chifukwa masambawa amapangidwa mofulumira kuposa mbewu zina zambiri.
Kubzala mbewu mwachindunji pansi kumakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu ziwiri. Choyamba, mwa njira imeneyi mumataya masabata angapo amtengo wapatali pamene oyambirira akukolola ndiwo ofunikira kwambiri: m'minda ya azamalire akadali okwera mtengo, ndipo muli ndi mwayi wodya zipatso zanu.Kuwonjezera pamenepo, matenda onse ndi mavuto ena amayamba kuchitika ndi anthu okhala pabedi pakati pa chilimwe, pofika masiku owuma kwambiri.
Choncho, June, ndi nthawi yomwe pali mwayi uliwonse wochotsera nkhaka zabwino ndi zabwino kuchokera ku chikwapu, ndipo, chifukwa chake, pano tsiku lililonse ndilofunika kulemera kwa golidi.
Pezani nthawi yabwino yobzala eggplant, tsabola, nkhaka za mbande.Chachiwiri, pobzala mbande pabedi, mutha kuona kale tchire zambiri zomwe mwakula, ndipo mukhoza kuzigawa pamtunda woyandikana, pomwe mukufesa mbewu, mumayandikana kwambiri muyenera kukhala, kapena, kutaya malo chifukwa cha "mabowo" omwe amapangidwa m'malo amodzi omwe sali wamkulu.
Zinthu za mbande
Inde, sikokwanira kudziwa nthawi yoyamba kubzala mbatata mbande, mukufunikirabe kukhazikitsa zinthu zabwino kuti zikule bwino. Zinthu izi zikuphatikizapo kuwala, kutentha, chinyezi, komanso, nthaka yabwino.
Mukudziwa? Dziko la nkhaka ndi India, kapena m'malo amwenye a ku India, ndipo izi zikutsatira kuti chikhalidwe chimakonda zinthu zitatu - kuwala, kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Maseŵera a kuwala
Nkhuka zachitsamba kuti zikule bwino zikusowa kuwala kochuluka. Ganizirani pasadakhale kumene mungathe kuyika mabokosiwo ndi mbande kuti apange zinthu zoyenera kwa iwo. 
Timatabwa zabwino kwambiri zimapangidwa, malinga ngati zimakhala zowunikiridwa ndi dzuwa pafupifupi 10, komanso bwino - maola 12 pa tsiku.
Pakati pa April, pamene ntchito yoyamba ikuyamba, maola a usana ndi nthawi yayitali, ndipo pazinthu izi, nkhaka zimapangitsa mavuto ocheperapo kusiyana ndi a nightshade.
Koma ngati kasupe ndi mitambo, kapena mu nyumba yanu mulibe malo abwino kwambiri (mavuto aakulu ndi awa angakhale ozoloŵera ndi anthu okhala kumunsi kwa zakale zapamwamba-kukwera nyumba kumene kuwala kumaphimba masamba obiriwira), mbewuzo ziyenera kukonzedwanso mwakachetechete.
Ndikofunikira! Matenda a Neon kapena krypton (makumi awiri kapena makumi anayi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunikira mbande. Zili ndi ndalama zambiri, zowonjezerapo, zimatha kuikidwa pafupi ndi mbande popanda chiopsezo chotentha masamba aang'ono. Kuwonjezera apo, lero pa malonda ndi apadera LED fitolampy kwa mbande kwa kukoma konse.
Zoonadi, sikuti nthawi zonse zimayenera kuika mbande, koma ndi mitambo kapena maola. Kuwona kuti mphukira sikokwanira kungathe kuweruzidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo - zomera zotere zimatambasula mmwamba ndipo zimakhala zochepa ndi zofooka zimayambira, pomwe nkhaka zowonongeka zimakhala zathanzi komanso "zokondwa". 
Kutentha ndi chinyezi
Kukula nkhaka mbande kunyumba, muyenera kuyesa kutentha kwambiri.
Zomerazi zimakonda kutenthetsa, koma kupitirira kwake, makamaka mu zinthu zochepa, zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zikhale zofooka komanso zochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Wowonjezera mchipindamo, mofulumira mphukira zidzawonekera, koma monga lamulo, palibe chifukwa chofulumirira nkhaka, chifukwa chikhalidwechi chimakula kale mwamsanga.
Asanayambe mawonekedwe oyamba a cotyledon, mabokosi omwe ali ndi mbande akhoza kutentha mpaka 30 ° C, koma pamene mphukira ikuwoneka pamwamba, kutentha kumafunika kuchepa. 
Zomwe zimakulirakulira pakukula ndi 19-22 ° C masana (ngati usana watha, koma kutentha sikutsika pansi pa madigiri 19, izi ndi zomveka bwino) ndi kutentha madigiri 15-17 usiku. Pamadera otentha, zomera sizidzakhala zathanzi komanso zamphamvu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha kwa nkhaka, ndi bwino kukula mbande pa kutentha komwe kumayenderana ndi zomwe zili pansipa, chifukwa zomera izi ziyenera kukonzekera kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
Kuchulukitsa chinyezi zofunika ndi zina mbali ya nkhaka mbande. Ngati mbande za mbeu zambiri zimakhala bwino pamene chinyezi chiri 60-70%, nkhaka zimafuna mpweya wambiri wambiri - 70-80%.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngati mlengalenga imakhala yowuma, mbande idzakhala yowonongeka kwambiri, sangathe kupirira masiku owuma a chilimwe; Chinyezi chosakwanira chimakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kuchuluka kwa mbeu, ndipo nthawi zina pa kuchuluka kwake.
Kuonjezerapo, popanda kusowa chinyezi, mbande zikhoza kufota asanadzalemo poyera. 
Ground
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nthaka yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukula kwa nkhaka mbande.
Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugula makoswe (okonzedwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana: "Gardener", "Gardener", "Flora", "Sturdy", komanso "Land Special Number 2"). Kupititsa patsogolo zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mlingo wofanana ndi dothi, ndi biohumus mu kuchuluka kwa theka la bukuli.
Mukhoza kukonzekera dothi kusakaniza nokha, koma izi zidzafunikanso nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Sodland si nthaka yokhayokha yomwe ili pafupi ndi nkhalango. Ili ndi nthaka yowona bwino, osati yochepetsedwa mu khalidwe la kompositi. Koma iye akhoza kuphika payekha ngati muli ndi zaka zitatu zatsala. Pofuna kuchita izi, fufuzani malo okalamba osatha omwe amawonongeka, dulani masentimita 10 kuchokera pamwamba pa dothi, sungani masentimita ("udzu kupita ku udzu"), ikani manyowa awiri pawiri, kuwaza phulusa, madzi m'nyengo yonse ya chilimwe (bwino ndi manyowa a madzi) ndi kukumba, kuphimba m'nyengo yozizira ndi udzu. Chaka chotsatira, bweretsani ndondomekoyi, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi dzikoli lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Choncho, pokonzekera nthaka kusakaniza, kuwonjezera pa nthaka ya sod, mudzafunika: peat ndi ma humus - omwe ali ofanana ndi nthaka, mchenga wa mtsinje kapena utuchi wothira - 1/3 mwa kuchuluka kwa nthaka.
Ngati sawdust ndi yatsopano, ayenela kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi otentha, popeza sitimasowa utomoniwo.
Mwa njirayi, akadakonzedwabe kuti asungunuke zowonongeka kale, monga alimi ena amachitira, popeza nthaka ili ndi microflora yake, yomwe ndi yofunika kwa zomera komanso zamoyo zina zonse.
Kuwonjezera pa zigawo izi, phulusa limaphatikizidwanso kusakaniza (pafupifupi galasi la malita 10), uzitsine wa urea, ndi zipilala ziwiri za nitrophoska kapena superphosphate.
Kukonzekera Mbewu ndi kufesa
Nkhaka mbewu ndi zonse yosungiramo zinsinsi ndi subtleties. Poyamba, mbewuzi zimatha kusungidwa kwa zaka khumi (ngati sizipitirira kutentha kwambiri kuposa madigiri 15 Celsius ndikusunga chinyezi mu 50-60%), koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti zokololazo zikafesedwa panthawi yonse khumi zaka zidzafanana. 
Komanso, pakadali pano, mawonekedwe "abwino kwambiri" sakugwira ntchito konse.
Mukudziwa? Mbeu zatsopano, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa chaka chatha, zimakula bwino ndikupanga maluwa ambirimbiri, koma vuto ndilo kuti maluwa ambiri ndi a amuna, mazirawa sapanga iwo, ndipo, mwa zokolola, sizikondweretsa konse. Mtengo wabwino kwambiri umasonyezedwa ndi mbeu m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi cha kusungirako. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati m'nyengo yozizira mbewu zimakhala zotenthetsa ndi mpweya wouma, zomera sizimakula, koma zimapereka mazira ambiri, koma mbewu zomwe zimakhala m'nyengo yozizira zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Kotero, ife tinasankha mbewu zomwe zinali zabwino kwambiri mwazinthu ndi zosungirako, ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiyambe kukonzekera. Choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kutentha mbewu.
Pali njira zingapo pano. Mukhoza kungosiya envelopuyo ndi mbeu pa betri kapena kwinakwake pafupi ndi firiji (mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi chitofu, ngati mumaphika nthawi zambiri) kwa masiku angapo. 
Kwa mbewu zomwe zimasungidwa kuzizira, njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Njira ina - yowonjezera. Maola angapo ndi okwanira kuti zilowerere m'madzi otentha (kuti zisayende, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito thermos).
Kutentha motere, mbewu zimamera mofulumira komanso bwino ndikuwonetseratu zokolola.
Tsopano ndi nthawi yosiya zinthu zakufa. Mbewu imayikidwa mu madzi kapena mufooka yochepa ya mchere wamba wamba, amadikirira mphindi zingapo ndikuponyera mbewu zonse zomwe sizinafike pansi - sizidzamera.
Mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka ikuphatikizapo: "Spring", "Merengue", "Festoon ya Siberia", "Hector F1", "Emerald Earrings", "Crispina F1", "Taganay", "Palchik", "Real Colonel", "Masha f1" ".Zomwe zimayesedwa pambuyo pa brine ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ku disinfected.
Pazifukwazi, mbewuzo zimadulidwa kwa theka la ora kuti zikhale zosakwanira potassium permanganate, adyo brew kapena tsiku - mu madzi aloe vera (muyenera kumangoyamba kusunga masamba odulidwawo kwa masiku asanu mumdima wa firiji, ndipo mutangotulutsa madzi). 
Pambuyo pa kuvala kotero, nyemba ziyenera kuchapa ndi zouma. Koma sizo zonse.
Pofuna kumera kumera, nkhaka zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zilowerere kwa maola 10-12 mu kukula kokonda (zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera m'masitolo apadera).
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa pamtengo womwewo (supuni imodzi pa lita imodzi ya madzi, kuchoka kwa maola 24, ndiye kupsyinjika).
Njira yaikulu ndi madzi omveka, kusungunuka bwino. Madzi otentha ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa kutentha kwapakati - madigiri 28.
Simungakhoze kuthamanga ndi kutha kwa kuwukha, mpaka mbeu "gehena": pamapeto pake ikuwoneka kochepa, kenako ngati mphutsi yaing'ono yoyera.
Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kuona bwino lomwe mbeu zomwe zidzamera, koma pano nkofunika kuti musazengereze kubzala kuti musamawononge kachilomboka.
Pofuna kuti zotsatira zake zikhale bwinoko, makamaka wamaluwa okongola amachotsa mbewu zomwe zatha kale, kuziika muzitsulo zowonongeka ndi kuziika pansi pa alrifu kwa masiku angapo. 
Ndipo, potsiriza, "chic" yapadera ndi kukonza mbewu zosiyana siyana za mbewuzo, kuziyika mosakaniza mufiriji kwa maola angapo ndikuzichotsa kunja.
Mwa njirayi, ziri mu firiji kuti muzisunga mbewu za mpendadzuwa kuti zikhalebe "kusungidwa" kwa masiku angapo, ngati pazifukwa zina simungayambe kubzala pakali pano (mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuimitsa njirayi mpaka kumapeto kwa sabata).
Ndipo tsopano, pomaliza, kulima mbande zonse zakonzeka. Sankhani tsiku pamene muli panyumba ndipo musafulumire kulikonse, ndipo pitirizani.
Choyamba, makonzedwe okonzedweratu ayenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yosakaniza yokonzedweratu ndipo ayenera kuthiriridwa bwino ndi madzi otentha (osati madzi otentha, koma otentha kwambiri, pafupifupi madigiri 70) - izi zidzapangitsa dothi kukhala lowonjezera.
Dikirani mphindi zochepa musanadzalemo kuti dothi likhale ndi nthawi yozizira pang'ono.
Ngati mbeu idutsa magawo onse ofunika kukonzekera, mbeu imodzi ingabzalidwe mu kapu iliyonse, chifukwa tikudziwa kuti imera. Ngati simunayambe kudikirira, mukhoza kubzala ziwiri, koma njirayi ndi yosakondweretsa chifukwa nkhaka ili ndi mizu yovuta kwambiri, ndipo kuyesera kusiyanitsa zomera wina ndi mzake mutatha kuika, mumayambitsa vuto losawonongeka kwa iwo.
Pachifukwa ichi, mutabzala mbeu ziwiri mumphika umodzi, zofooka ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga mutangoyamba kuwoneka; mwinamwake, mmalo mwa nkhaka yodzipereka kwambiri, mudzalandira odwala awiri ndi ofooka, kapena ngakhale kutaya zonse ziwiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, mawu akuti "chotsani" ayenera kumveka kuti asadulidwe ndi mizu - izi zokha zimasokoneza kachilombo kamene kamatsalira mu thanki - kudula nyemba "yowonjezera" pansi pa nthaka ndi manicure lumo, ndikuchotsa mwayi wake wopulumuka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhalenso zomera zitapatukana sizifa pa nthawi yoika, zimatulutsa mbewu zosauka, kotero kupulumuka sikoyenera apa.
Chifukwa cha zofooka mizu, yabwino mphamvu ya nkhaka mbande ndi peat makapu, Komabe, ngati mutha kuwoloka zomera popanda kuwononga chipinda chadothi, mungagwiritse ntchito makatoni wamba kapena mapulasitiki. 
Mwa njira, ngati mukumva chisoni ndi ndalama pa poto, koma simukudziwa za ziyeneretso zanu, mungagwiritse ntchito njira ya "agogo aakazi": perekani thumba ku nyuzipepala yamakono ndikuyiyika mu galasi lokonzekera bata.
Lembani sitima ndi nthaka, imbani mbewu, musamalire monga mwachizolowezi, ndipo musanadzalemo pabedi la munda, mosamala mosachotsani mphukira pamodzi ndi nyuzipepala, kuiyika pamenje, kuwaza pansi pambali ndi pamwamba.
Pothirira kuthirira nyuzipepalayi kudzakhala konyowa ndi kuwonongeka, ndipo nkhaka idzayamba mizu kudzera mu pepala lofewa.
Mukakonzekera kapu, mankhwala odzola mano kapena chinthu china chapangidwa ndi 1.5-2 cm indentation, mbeu yomwe imamera imayikidwa bwino, kenako dziko lapansi limangoyendetsedwa bwino.
Ngati mukuwopa kukhumudwitsa msana, mukhoza kuika pamwambapa, ndikutsanulira mosamalitsa nthaka yochepetsetsa kuchokera pamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Anthu ena okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe amalimbikitsa kuti aziphimba mapewa ndi mbande zam'tsogolo ndi mafuta onunkhira a mtundu wa "Asterisks" kuti awopsyeze tizilombo, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo azidyetsa zinyama zovuta kwambiri.
Miphika imayikidwa pamalo ofunda kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pooneka ngati mphukira yoyamba pansi, kutentha, monga tatchulidwa kale, kumachepetsedwa kufika madigiri 23-25 Celsius. Kumera chisamaliro
Mutabzala komanso pamasabata oyambirira, mbande zisamamwe madzi, mwinamwake mbewu yochepa kwambiri imatha kugwa mozama ndikusabala.
Kuti nthaka isaduke, imangotuluka kuchokera ku sprayer, pamene nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madziwa ndi ofunda.
Ndibwino kuti mphukira zisamawoneke kuti zikhazikike ndi bokosilo, motero pangani kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kosavuta, koma pa nthawiyi filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse kuti nthaka ikhale "yopuma," chifukwa nkhaka ndi yofunika kwambiri.
Tanena kale kuti mbeu za nkhaka zikumera mofulumira kwambiri. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo izi zikuchitika, zimadalira kutentha kwa kunja ndikudziwa ngati mbewuzo zinamera musanabzala.
Ngati mpweya utenthedwa ndi madigiri 25-28, masamba a cotyledon amachokera kumtunda mkati mwa masiku atatu, mbeu zowonongeka kwambiri komanso kutentha zimatha kutambasula njira ziwiri, kapena katatu. 
Tsopano chotsani filimuyi (ngati itayika) ndikuyamba kukonzekeretsa nkhaka zamtsogolo za "moyo wodzisankhira." Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kudandaula ndi chakuti mbande siyambe kukokera.
Pazinthu izi, kwa masiku angapo timayika pamalo okongola, koma malo ozizira - madigiri 17-19 masana ndi 13-14 madigiri usiku (mu April, chifukwa cha izi, malo opangira nyumba kapena loggia ayenera kukhala oyenera, koma kumbukirani kuti mbande zimafunikira zambiri kuchuluka kwa kuwala).
Через пару дней внешнюю температуру следует поднять до оптимальной для выращивания огуречной рассады, о ней мы подробно говорили выше.
Kuti athetse kutentha, popanda kutsekedwa kwa loggia, ndibwino kuti mbande ikhale yosiyana ndi malo okhala ndi filimu, ndipo mkati mwa mtundu uwu wowonjezera kutentha, kutsegula ndi kutseka mawindo, pangani kutentha kwabwino kwambiri.
Ndipo kachiwiri: musaiwale za kuyatsa kapena zopangira zowala! 
Mukudziwa? Chisoni chosasangalatsa, kaŵirikaŵiri chimakhala ndi nkhaka, chimapatsa chipatso chotchedwa cucurbitacin (kuchokera pazimene dzina la Chingerezi la masamba ndi nkhaka). Chomeracho chimapanga cucurbitacin, kuteteza okha ku zovuta - kusowa kwa kuwala, kutsika kotentha, kuphatikizapo, njira, madzi otentha a madzi, ndi zina zotero Ndiyenera kunena kuti abambo a ku Ulaya adabzala zinyama zomwe cucurbitacin sichimawonekera, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti zomera zotere sizikonda kuwala, kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kuthirira mbande kungayambidwe kokha pamene masamba oyambirira a cotyledon athazikika. Pofuna kupewa leaching ya mizu, choyamba ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito supuni ya supuni.
Madzi ozizira kwambiri amachepetsa kukula kwa chomera ndipo amatha kuwatsogolera ku imfa yake, choncho ndi bwino kutenthetsa mpaka madigiri 30.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi owonjezera a nkhaka ndi zosafunika ngati kuyanika.
Kulingalira bwino mbande kumapanga tsamba loyamba loona kumapeto kwa sabata yoyamba pambuyo pa kumera. 
Masango odyera sayenera kukhala. Choyamba, zomerazi zimakhala zovuta kulekerera patsiku lililonse, ngakhale ngati muli katswiri pazitsulo popanda kuwononga dothi ladothi, njirayi sichidutsa popanda nkhawa kwa mbewu.
Werengani chifukwa chake muyenera kusankha mmera, nthawi ndi nthawi yoyenera.Chachiwiri, tanena kale kuti mbewu zimapangidwira mofulumira kwambiri, choncho ziyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo mu mphika wosiyana wa kukula kokhala limodzi kamodzi - pabedi (kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha).
Kwa kanthawi kochepa kamene kamapangidwe kameneka, kamayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi (ngati malo oti mubzala sanali okwanira kapena mbeuyo ikuwoneka yowawa ndi yofooka, kamodzi kamodzi sikanakhala kokwanira).
Izi ndizochitika bwino masiku angapo musanafike pamtunda, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza monga nitrophoska (nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu) pa mlingo wa pafupifupi theka kapu yothetsera mbewu iliyonse.
Kuwonjezera apo, ngati njira yowononga, nkhaka iyenera kuchitidwa kangapo motsutsana ndi tizilombo ta matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo toononga kale pa siteji ya kukula kwa mbande, ndipo pazifukwa izi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanizidwa masiku ano, monga Rizoplan. 
Njira ina yowonjezera mbande - Kupopera mankhwala opatsirana nthawi zonse (pakuti nkhaka zabwino zimasonyeza mankhwala opangidwa ndi "Epin").
Ngati mbande ili pafupi ndi batiri, nkofunikanso kuti nthawi zonse zizimitsa mpweya wouma kwambiri. Pachifukwachi, ndibwino kuti muziika pafupi ndi chidebe chachikulu cha madzi pafupi ndi izo, ndipo muikepo thaulo lamadzimadzi pa batteries ndipo onetsetsani kuti imakhala yonyowa.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa momwe mungachitire nkhaka ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kuwopsya ndi kukwera pansi
Mbewu iliyonse musanabzala pamalo omasuka ayenera kukhala okonzeka kuti zikhale zatsopano - zowuma. Nkhaka ndizosiyana.
Poyambirira, ndikwanira kutsegula mawindo kwa maola angapo mbeu isanayambe, ndipo kenaka amayamba kunyamula miphika kunja kwa nthawi yochepa, pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa magawowa.
Ndi bwino kugwira ntchito yolimba mitambo kapena dzuwa litakhala lowala kwambiri, ndipo sichidzatsekanso khonde, mwinamwake mazira ake adzangotentha masamba.
Kubzala nkhaka pamalo otseguka kumachitika pambuyo popanga masamba atatu kapena asanu enieni pa mbande. Posamalira bwino gawoli, mbande imatha pafupifupi masabata anayi mutabzala kapena pang'ono. Ayenera kukhala olimba, ndi mapesi akuda komanso masamba obiriwira ndi mizu yoyera yomwe imadzaza mphika wonse.
Kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino kwa nkhaka ndi masentimita 18 a kutentha masana ndi kutentha kosachepera 15 usiku.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula kwa nkhaka kumachitika mwatchutchutchu usiku, choncho ngakhale kutentha masana, koma kumakhala kozizira usiku, kukula kwa mbande kumatha, mbewuyo imayamba kuphulika komanso ngakhale kufa.
Ngati simunaganizirepo nthawi yotsiriza, ndipo pakadali kozizira kwambiri panthawi imeneyo, nkhaka zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu, zomwe simungaloledwe, choncho samalani!
Pazifukwa zowopsya, kuti asawononge zomera, tibzalani pabedi la munda, koma nthawi yoyamba muziphimba ndi filimuyo kuti mupewe kuzizira.
Zosatheka zovuta
Pali mavuto ochulukirapo ndi nkhaka, ambiri okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe sayesa kulira mankhwalawa konse. Tiyeni tiyesetse kukhalabe pamwambamwamba.
Ngati mbande imatulutsidwa, izi zingasonyeze mavuto ndi magawo awiri - kuwala kapena kutentha (kapena onse awiri, panthawi yomweyo). 
Mwamwayi, kunyumba, mosiyana ndi malo okonzera zomera, ndizosatheka kupanga malo abwino omwe ali oyenera zomera izi zopanda phindu.
Pamwamba, tinakambirana za kufunikira kwa kuunikira kwina, koma si onse omwe ali ndi masewera okonza masewera angakwanitse kukondweretsa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, muyenera kuyesa kutalika pakati pa miphika kuti zomera zisakondane.
Nthawi zina zimatheka kuwonjezera kuwala kudzera muziwonetsero zamkati zomwe zimayikidwa pawindo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nyengo isasokoneze dzuŵa, ndipo phesi ndi masamba awiri a cotyledon ayamba kutambasula mmwamba, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe: Tengani phesi ndi manja anu ndikuika mofatsa mkati mwa mphika, ngati kuli kotheka, kuzungulira mtunda, ndikuwaza ndi nthaka kuti masamba okhawo ali pamwamba. Mwamsanga kuthira madzi ofunda. Chifukwa cha njirayi, tsinde pansi pa nthaka idzamera, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba padzakhala mphukira yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu.
Kudyetsa si mbande zamphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zimafunika kuti ziwotchedwe m'nthaka ndikudziwa, ndipo nthaka isakhale yonyowa kwambiri. 
Vuto lina ndilo kuti mbande za nkhaka zimakula mofulumira kwambiri. Inu munalibe nthawi yoti mufike mu malingaliro anu, ndipo maluwa okongola a chikasu ayamba kale kuphuka mu miphika yanu.
Pachifukwachi, palibe choopsa mu izi, koma ngati chomeracho chifooka, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti apulumuke pakatha kuyamba maluwa, choncho ndibwino kuti musazengereze njirayi.
Muzitsulo, ndi bwino kuchotsa maluwa ochepa oyamba kuti chitsamba chiziyang'ana pa rooting. Adzabala zipatso pambuyo pake, koma sadzadwala, ngati simukuyenera kuwerengera zokolola zabwino kuchokera ku chomera chofooka.
Komanso, nkhaka, monga tazitchula kale, imafuna mpweya wambiri wambiri kuposa mbeu zambiri. Komabe, ngakhale madontho ang'onoang'ono pamasamba, kuphatikizapo mame, pafupifupi usiku uliwonse akhoza kupha chomeracho.
Kwenikweni, si madzi enieni omwe akuwononga nkhaka, koma powdery mildew ndi matenda ena a fungalomu omwe madzi pamasamba ndibwino kwambiri kuti abereke.
Pofuna kupeŵa mavuto ngati amenewa, madzi amchere amakwera bwino m'mawa, zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito popopera mankhwala. 
Ndikofunikira! Pofika usiku, masamba a nkhaka ayenera kukhala owuma bwino.
Kuthirira nkhaka zazing'ono ndizojambula zonse. Ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti zisawonongeke kapena kuuma.
Poonjezera kuteteza kuwala ndi kutentha, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito filimu yapadera yamdima, imayikidwa pamwamba pa bedi la munda, kudula kwapangidwe kwapangidwe kumapangidwira mwachindunji, kumene mbande zimabzalidwa kuchokera ku miphika (kapena mwachindunji kuchokera ku miphika ngati apangidwa kuchokera ku peat kapena nyuzipepala).
Ngakhale kuchepetsa pang'ono kungathe kupha wathanzi ndi mbande zamphamvu mutabzala mutseguka pansi. Zotsatira zofananazi zikhoza kuchitika kuchokera pa kusiyana kwakukulu (kusiyana ndi madigiri asanu ndi awiri) pakati pa usana ndi usiku kutentha.
Pofuna kupewa izi kuti zisakwaniritsidwe, monga momwe tafotokozera kale, ndibwino kuti tiphimbe chomeracho ngati zili choncho. Komabe, kulima nkhaka ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri, kuyambira, monga akunena, ndi mbewu. 
Koma ngati simukunyalanyaza zochitika zili pamwambazi, ntchito yamasika idzapindula kambirimbiri, ngati yokonzedwa, yokonzedwanso ndipo mwamsanga ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingatheke, mbande imatengera mayesero alionse bwino kusiyana ndi mbewu zomwe zimaponyedwa pansi, zomwe mwamsanga adzawonongeka, osakhala nayo nthawi yosangalatsa ndi zokolola zokoma ndi zonunkhira.
