Statica (kapena amatchedwa immortelle, Kermek, limonium) - maluwa otchuka omwe, omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthaŵi zambiri m'makonzedwe a maiko ambiri a ku Ulaya.
Ponena za mayiko ambiri a CIS, chigwiritsirochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ngati chokongoletsera m'munda, koma amaluwa ena akudakali ndi chidwi cha kufanana ndi kamera ka Kermek.
Chomerachi ndi chokwera kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala chokongola komanso chosaoneka bwino cha mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mithunzi. Choncho, n'zotheka kupanga maonekedwe onse a maluwa kuchokera ku maluwa a immortelle, makamaka ngati mukuphunzira kuwaphatikiza ndi zikhalidwe zina molondola.
Kukula molimbika kupyolera mu mbande
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimafalitsira statics, koma nthawi zambiri zomera zimafalitsa ndi mbeu kapena zimakhala ndi mbande zokonzedwa bwino.
Ndi nthawi iti yomwe ndi bwino kufesa pa mbande
Ngakhale kuti statice imatengedwa ngati chomera chodzichepetsa, komabe pakukula kuchokera ku mbewu, pali malamulo ena. Choyamba ayenera molondola kudziwa nthawi yobzala. Pankhani imeneyi, m'pofunikira kupitiliza njira yeniyeni yoyamera mbande: miphika (zida zapadera) kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Poyamba, nthawi yabwino yofesera mbewu imawerengedwa pakatikati pa mwezi wa February, pamene kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikofunikira kuyembekezera kuti ikhale yotentha kwambiri, ndipo izi zidzachitika osati kumapeto kwa March - pakati pa mwezi wa April.
Poganizira kuti statice ndi thermophilic chomera, mosasamala njira yomwe yasankhidwa, kutentha kumafunika kukhala 15 ° С mpaka 22 ° С. Kungodziwa nthawi yoyenera kubzala statics pa mbande, mumatha kupeza maluwa ndi zamasamba nthawi.
Kusankha dothi lodzala mbande
Kubzala mbewu za immortelle ziyenera kupangidwa m'dothi lotayirira, yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri kwa gawo lapansi lozikidwa pa peat kapena malo apadera a mbande. Chofunikira chachikulu: dothi liyenera kukhala losalala, lotayirira komanso losagwirizana kwambiri pambuyo kuthirira.
Ndikofunikira! Kuonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka, mbali imodzi ya mchenga imaphatikizidwanso ku magawo atatu a gawo lapansi.Nthaka yokonzedweratu ndi yosasunkhira, mapulotusi, mitsempha ndi zinyalala zina zimachotsedwamo, pambuyo pake ndizofunikira kuwonjezera njira yothetsera manganese kumtunda kapena kuikamo iyo mu uvuni, yomwe idzapha nkhungu zonse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chotsatiracho chimayikidwa mu miphika ndi mpweya wosanjikiza ndi dzenje lapadera. Musanayambe kubzala mbewu za nthaka, nthaka yokonzedweratu imakonzedwa, koma osati kwambiri kuti dothi silinyowa kwambiri.
Mbewu yokonzekera musanafese
Chimene Kermek ali ndi momwe limaonekera ngati limonium angadziwidwe kwa wamaluwa ambiri, koma si onse omwe apeza mbewu za chomera. Ndipotu, zimakhala zodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zochepa kwambiri komanso zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi phokoso pamapeto.
Mbeu zonse zili mkati mwa zipatso zomwe sizikusowa kuti zisakanike, ngakhale kuti poyang'ana, chipolopolocho chikhoza kuoneka cholemera kwambiri. Asanafese, amathira madzi otentha kwa maola angapo, ngakhale kuti izi ndizoyeso.
Msika wamakono, mbewu zomwe zamasulidwa kale kuchokera ku chipatso zimapezeka nthawi zambiri, koma odziwa maluwa odziwa maluwa amene akhala akugwira ntchito yolima maluwa ouma awa, Pempherani kufesa statics, ndikuyika zipatso zonse pansi.
Mukudziwa? Dziko la mbiri yakale la immortelle ndi malo a Mediterranean a saline, chifukwa chake agrotechnicians akulangiza kuwonjezera mchere kwa madzi akudiririra mu chiwerengero cha 1 tbsp. supuni ya mchere pa 10 malita a madzi.
Kufesa mbewu molimba
Statica imalekerera zovuta kwambiri, choncho ndibwino kuti musabzale mbewu zonse mu bokosi limodzi. Momwemo, payenera kukhala mbewu imodzi pamphika, chifukwa mizu ya zomera izi ndizowonjezereka kuti ikadzafesedwa ndi gulu, ngakhale mbande ziri m'bokosi.
Njira yobzala idzakutengerani nthawi yochuluka. Pangani nyemba za mbeu pamtunda wokonzedwa bwino ndikuziwaza mophweka pamwamba pa nthaka. Zomangamanga zimatha kukhala ndi wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti mungathe kuyika mabokosi omwe ali ndi galasi kapena filimu.
Monga momwe mukuonera, kubzala statics pa mbande ndi kophweka, ndipo chinthu chachikulu ndikuchipatsa nthaka yabwino komanso malo ofunda kuti imere msanga. Komabe, palinso zinthu zina, zomwe zimatsatira kuti mbeu ifike patsogolo.
Zomwe zimafesa mbeu
Odziŵa bwino amalima a maluwa amadziŵa zizoloŵezi zina zomwe zingathe kufulumizitsa njira yopezera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti ziphuphu ziwoneke mwamsanga kuchokera pansi, akatswiri amalangiza kuyenda pang'ono pa "nthiti" za nyembazo ndi pepala lopangidwa ndi emery kapena machenjeza owoneka bwino, kenako amatha kuyikidwa mu njira yapadera yolimbikitsa.
Mwinanso, mungagwiritsenso ntchito chonyowa cha utuchi, momwe mbeu imamizidwa masiku 2-3. Mbewu zomwe zakonzedwa motere zimabzalidwa mu makapu kapena miphika (malingana ndi kumene mbewu idzakulire mtsogolomu: kumunda, m'chilimwe kanyumba kapena m'nyumba).
Pamene kukula kwa statics kufesa mbewu za mbande ziyenera kuchitidwa poganizira kuwala kwa dera. Ngati mumabzala zomera m'miphika, ndipafupi apa, chifukwa akhoza kukonzedwanso ku zowunikira zowonekera.
Komabe, ngati mbeu imayambira mu nyengo yotentha, ndiye kuti kumera bwino kwa mbeu kumakhala kosavuta, chifukwa mthunzi uliwonse kapena mdima uliwonse ungasokoneze kupambana kwa njirayi. Chifukwa chopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, mphukira za statics zimapangidwira ndipo zimadulidwa, ndipo zomera zokha zimathera pachimake.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mbande zisasokonezane wina ndi mnzake, mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 25-30 cm.
Nthenda yosachepera ya mbeu kumera kwa masiku khumi, ngakhale kuti njirayi ikhoza kufika masiku 21, makamaka ngati zomera sizinapangidwe kukula bwino, kuphatikizapo kuwala, nthaka ndi njira yoyenera yothirira.Kuonjezerapo, ngati mukudandaula za kumera kwa mbeu yobzalidwa, ndiye Mukhoza kutentha zitsulo ndi mbande zam'tsogolo ndi nyali yowonjezera ya 60W (maola 4-5 pa tsiku ndi okwanira). Ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino, posachedwa mutha kulingalira zakusankha Kermek yanu.
Kujambula mbande
Mu funso lakusankha ziganizo, maganizo a akatswiri amasiyana mosiyana. Ena amanena kuti mbande ziyenera kusowa, atangoyamba kuzungulira, osati kuyembekezera masamba oyambirira, pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti, mmalo mwake, ndibwino kuyembekezera nthawiyi.
Mulimonsemo, ndi kukula kwa mbande, kupatula kuti ali m'bokosi lomwelo, amafunikanso kusunthira ku makapu osiyana, pambuyo pake mbeu zachinyama zidzalowetsedwa.
Izi sizidzachitika kale kuposa June, chifukwa ndi nthawi ino yomwe nthaka ikuwongolera mokwanira ndipo chiopsezo cha mizu chikuchepa.
Kubzala mbande zokhazikika pansi
Ngati mukukonzekera kudzala statics m'munda mwanu kapena pakhomo lanu lachilimwe, ndiye kuti muli ndi chomera pamtunda simukuyenera kutero, chifukwa kulima kwina komanso kusamalidwa koyenera kudzakwaniritsidwa.
Kermec imakula mofulumira ndipo imakhala yosagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo yoipa. Chotero, mkati mwa mwezi ndi theka pambuyo pa kusankha, iye amabzalidwa malo osatha. Inde, ndi bwino kuti nyengo imakhala yotentha, popanda usiku wosayembekezereka chisanu.
Mukamabzala statics, mpakati pakati pa zomera ziyenera kukhala 30 masentimita, mwinamwake, ngati mbande, maluwawo adzasokonezana wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimayambitsa kukomoka kwa inflorescences ndi kuchepa kwa ubwino wa maluwa. Ponena za ndondomeko yowonjezera yokha, Zimaperekedwa mwa kudula chomera kuchokera mu mphika (kapu) kwa okonzeka bwino.
Maluwa akugwa pa tsiku la 90-100 mutatha kufesa, ndiko kuti, mu June. Asanayambe maluwa ayenera kukhala m'nthaka kwa mwezi osachepera. Popeza Kermek ili ndi zomera zowala komanso zowononga, zimaloledwa komanso zimakhala ndi dzuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala mitengo muyenera kutsimikiziranso kuti basal rosette (yomwe imatchedwa "kukula") siyikudzidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Pamene kumuika mbande
Kawirikawiri, pofuna kusamalidwa bwino ndi mapepala a statics, amaikidwa pamalo otsekera kumapeto kwa May, komabe, zomera zabwino kwambiri zimakhala ndi mizu pamalo atsopano ngati amasunthira kumeneko mu June.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi 22% +27 ° C masana ndi pafupifupi +15 ° C usiku. Ngakhale kuti chokhazikika ndi chomera chosasunthika komanso chosasinthasintha, chisanu chochuluka (mpaka -5 ° C) chingathe kuwononga mbande zazing'ono.
Kusankha malo oti muzitha kukula
Monga tanenera kale, Kermek amakonda kuwala ndipo amafunikira kutentha kwakukulu, kutanthauza kuti ndibwino kuti dzuwa liziwoneka bwino, ndipo liyenera kubzalidwa kunja, popeza mthunziwo umakhala woipa mumthunzi: masamba ndi zitsamba zidzavunda , ndipo maluwawo akuphwanyika kwambiri.
Koma statics, yomwe idabzalidwa mu bedi la maluwa, imakula bwino ndikukula, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imakhala pano yomwe imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri.
Malo omwe asankhidwa ayenera kukhala malo ochepa, osasamala komanso owopsa. Zopeka, chomeracho chikhoza kukula mu nthaka ya mchenga, koma ndi ntchito yokakamiza yokha feteleza. Dothi lakuda ndi malo amvula kwambiri si abwino konse.
Mmene mungabzalidwe mbande pa sitetiyi
Kuyala bwino mbande pawebusaiti kumapangitsa kuchotsa mosamala kuchokera ku tangi kapena nthaka ya wowonjezera kutentha ndipo kenako kumalowa pamalo osankhidwa. Pakuika dothi kuzungulira mizu ya mbeuyo sayenera kuwonongeka, choncho, mmerawo umakumbidwa mosamala kwambiri ndi spatula.
Kuzama kwa mabowo pamalo atsopano ayenera kukhala 5-15 masentimita (malingana ndi kukula kwa mbande), ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa maenje osayenera sayenera kukhala osachepera 30 masentimita. Mukaika mbeu pafupi, izi zidzachititsa kuti inflorescences ziswe.
Kusamalira malo otsika
Monga chomera china chilichonse chobzala pa chiwembu, statica imakhala ndi njira yoyenera yothirira ndi kudya nthawi yake. Komanso, ntchito yaikulu yosungiramo kermek ndiyo kudula ndi kuyanika.
Nthawi zambiri kukwanitsa kuthirira
Monga mukudziwira, kulimbika ndi mbewu yopanda chilala, choncho ndikofunika kupeŵa chinyezi chochuluka cha nthaka pamalo ake. Kuthirira kumachitidwa kamodzi pa sabata, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepa (pafupifupi 300 ml pansi pazu wa chomera chimodzi).
Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti kuyambira kwa madzi ndi kofunikira kokha m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ngati dothi latha kale, ndiye kuti sikoyenera kutsatira ndondomekoyi "kamodzi pa sabata". Zidzakhala zokwanira kuti mutulutse pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera pang'ono pchere mchere ku madzi akudiririra.
Kodi ndi kangati komanso momwe mungapangirere kuvala?
Kawirikawiri, Kermek ya feteleza inkachitika kamodzi kokha: pokonzekera nthaka yobzala. Pachifukwa ichi, feteleza yovuta ndi yokwanira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa 3-5 makilogalamu pa 100 mamita okwanira.
Ngati dothi liri losauka kwambiri m'thupi, zomera zimadyetsedwa masiku khumi ndi atatu pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Akatswiri amalangiza kudyetsa nthawi 3-4 nthawi imodzi: Nthaŵi yoyamba nthaka ili ndi feteleza ndi zinthu zakutchire, yachiwiri - ndi mchere ndi organic matter, ndipo poyamba nthawi ya maluwa, zomera zimasamutsidwa ku zovuta zamchere feteleza.
Kudula ndi kuyanika kusinthasintha
Nthaŵi zina kudziwa za momwe kubzala ndi kusamalira lamulo sikokwanira, ndipo wamaluwa ambiri amafunitsitsa momwe mungayamire bwino chomeracho choyambirira chowuma. Poyamba, muyenera kudula maluwa, zomwe zimapangidwa bwino mu nyengo yowuma, mwinamwake chomera chidzada mdima ndikuyamba kuvunda.
Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa chodula maluwa, m'pofunika kusankha Kermek, yomwe maluwa ambiri amatsegulira, motero amapatsa ena mpata woti akule pang'ono. Dya statica imodzi, ndikupachika zomera ndi mitu yawo mu chipinda chouma komanso chobisika.
Choncho, chidziwitso chimatha kutchedwa maluwa odabwitsa kwambiri, omwe safuna khama pobzala ndi kusamalira pamalo otseguka, omwe, ngati mukufuna, amakondweretsani inu chaka chonse: choyamba m'munda, ndiyeno mu maluwa oyambirira.
