Tsabola yamtengo wapatali ndi imodzi mwa mitengo yotchuka kwambiri, makamaka m'madera akum'mwera kwa Eurasian continent. Zipatso zake zimapsa kwambiri kuposa ena, zimakhala ndi kuyenda bwino, komanso zimakhala zokondweretsa kudya zipatso zokoma ndi zokometsetsa patapita nthawi yozizira ndi yosatheka kufotokoza! N'zosadabwitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya mtengo umenewu ikuwonekera chaka chilichonse ndipo, poti idasankha kubzala pa nthaka yawo, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupanga chisankho chabwino. Timapereka chidziwitso kwa mkuluyu pakati pa anzake - Franz Joseph zosiyanasiyana (mayina ena ndi "Francis" osati ogwirizana "Dense Myas").
Mbiri yobereka
Franz-Joseph I Pano pali mwatsatanetsatane kuti palibe umboni wodalirika wokhudzana ndi mbiriyi, kuphatikizapo chifukwa chake mtengo unalandira dzina la mfumu yotchuka ya Austria kuchokera ku mafumu a Habsburg.
Komabe, tikudziwa motsimikiza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi inabwera kuchokera ku Western Europe, makamaka kuchokera ku Czech Republic, komwe inayambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Zimakhulupirira kuti wolembayo ndi Iosif-edward prokheamene, mwa njira, sanali wofalitsa, koma katswiri wamaphunziro, ndiye kuti wasayansi akuphunzira mitundu ya zomera. Mwina ndi dzina lenileni la wolemba lomwe linayikidwa m'dzina la mitundu yatsopano, kugwirizana nalo mwa kudzichepetsa ndi dzina la dzina lake lalikulu.
Mukudziwa? Tsabola yamtengo wapatali ndi imodzi mwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali yakale yomwe amalimidwa ndi munthu, mafupa ake anapezeka pamalo a anthu achikulire kuyambira cha m'ma 1000 BC, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 400 BCE, Theophrastus, wolemba zachilengedwe wakale wachi Greek, anatchula zipatso za chitumbuwa chokoma m'mabuku ake.
Ku Soviet Union, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Czechoslovak anayamba kuyang'anitsitsa kutha kwa nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse. Mu 1947, mtengo wa zipatso uwu unaphatikizidwa mu zolembera za boma, ndipo kuchokera mu 1974 unayamba kukula pamalonda makamaka kumpoto kwa Caucasus, makamaka ku Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea, North Ossetia, Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories, ndi Karachaevo- Cherkessia. 
Lero "Francis" ndi wodziwika bwino, wokondedwa komanso wopambana. anafalikira pafupifupi Ukraine konse (makamaka ku Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Kirovograd, Zaporizhia, Kherson, Nikolaev, Odessa, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk ndi madera ena), komanso Moldova ndi Central Asia. Makamaka abwino European zosiyanasiyana amamva pa chilumba cha Crimea.
Ku Russia, kuwonjezera pa zigawo zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, mtengowu umalowanso m'dera la Rostov.
Onani komanso kufotokoza kwa mitundu yamatcheri: "Adeline", "Regina", "Revna", "Bryansk Pink", "Iput", "Leningradskaya Chernaya", "Fatezh", "Chermashnaya", "Krasnaya Gorka", "Ovstuzhenka", "Valery Chkalov".
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mtengo wa "Franz Joseph" ndi waukulu kwambiri, wopanda korona wochuluka kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a ovalo lalikulu. Chigoba nthambi akukonzedwa mu tiers, omwe ndi mkulu pyramidal korona mtundu. Masambawa amawoneka ngati dzira ndi mapeto ake, koma kukula kwakukulu.
Mbande kawirikawiri zimagulitsidwa pa msinkhu umodzi wa chaka chimodzi, mtengo wabwino kwambiri ndi steppe cherry.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira kwambiri, poyambira pakati pa mbali imodzi (kumbali inayo, ili pafupi kuwoneka). Mtundu uli wonyezimira ndipo uli ndi mbali yonyezimira komanso yonyezimira. Nyama ndi yachikasu, koma ndi pinki tinge. 
Ukulu wa chipatso ndi waukulu kwambiri, kuchokera 5 g mpaka 8 g, komabe izi zimakhala zochepa mu kukula kwa mpikisano monga "Large-fruited", "Bull-heart", "Daibego", "Italy".
Ndikofunikira! "Franz Joseph" - mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa Biggaro, ndipo mmodzi mwa omwe amamuyimira bwino. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mtengowu, gini, zipatso za biggaro zimakhala zowonongeka, mnofu ndi zowonongeka, madzi amadziwika bwino komanso opanda mtundu. Mitengoyi imasungidwa bwino ndipo imakhala yabwino kwa mitundu yosiyana siyana, ngakhale imatha kupsa pang'ono. Gini - mitundu yoyambirira, yokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo, koma yosayenera yosungirako ndi kuyendetsa, imadya bwino nthawi yomweyo, "popanda kuchoka pamtengo."
Lawani mu "Nyama Yambiri" zokoma ndi zokometsera zokometserangakhale kulemera kwake, kosavuta komanso kowutsa madzi. Malingana ndi msinkhu wokhala ndi mfundo zisanu, zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri za zipatso za Franz Josef zimatengedwa kwambiri, zikuchokera ku 4.2 mpaka 4.5.
Kuwongolera
Kawirikawiri, pokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma kwambiri pa webusaitiyi, wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri amadabwa chifukwa chake mtengo suyamba kubereka zipatso. Ndipo chifukwa chake chiri chosavuta: chitumbuwa chokoma sichitha mungu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti abambo posachedwa akhala akuyesera kuti azikhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera mitundu yamatcheri okoma, iwo akadali ochepa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, lokoma chitumbuwa - mtengo wamtengo wozunzikirapo, womwe ukufuna kuti zikhale zokolola zokolola za mungu wolima pafupi, ndipo palibe, koma mosamveka bwino, zoyenera za mtundu uwu.
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali "Franz Joseph", mwatsoka, sichimodzimodzi. Zipatso zake zimamangirizika bwino pobzala pafupi ndi mitundu ina yamatcheri okoma. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga: "Jabule", "South Coast Red", "Drogan Yellow", "Black Dyber", "Biggaro Gosha", "Cassina Yoyamba", "Golden", "Biggaro Groll", "Gedelfingen", "Denissen Yellow". 
Komabe, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ngakhale ndi kubzala kotereku nthawi zina sikutheka kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino. Ngati vutoli likubwera, alimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti apite ku "osachepera" - kuyambitsa pollination.
Ndikofunikira! Kupanga pollination - ntchitoyi ndi yovuta, koma ili ndi ubwino wake wosawerengeka: imapereka zipatso zabwino kwambiri (chipatso chidzamangiriridwa kumalo a maluwa onse) komanso, kuteteza mtengowo kuti ukhale ndi matenda owopsa, omwe amachitidwa ndi tizilombo todwalitsa (ndithudi, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito bwino chida).
Nzeru yamakono yopanga mankhwala ndi mutu wa nkhani yosiyana, apa sitidzangoganizira za ntchitoyi, koma ntchito yathu ndikutontholetsa anthu omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira yomwe adalima Franz Joseph paulendo wawo ndipo sakupeza kubweranso kwa mtengo.
Fruiting
Nthawi ya fruiting "Francis" sichitha kufika kale kuposa chaka chachinayi cha moyo, kawirikawiri - pachisanu kapena chachisanu. Komabe, zaka zoyambirira, zokolola zimakhala zochepa, koma ali ndi zaka 7-8, mtengowo udzamudziwa bwino mwiniwakeyo. 
Zizindikiro zapamwambazi za kuyambira kwa fruiting kwa yamatcheri yamakono ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri. Malingana ndi izi, "Franz Joseph", ndithudi, amatanthauza atsogoleri a gululo, kupatula mitundu yamatcheri okoma monga "Golden", "Jabule" ndi "Elton".
Mukudziwa? Mosiyana ndi mtengo wa apulo kapena, apricot, chitumbuwa, plamu ndi mitengo yambiri ya zipatso, lingaliro la "periodicity of fruiting" silikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa yamatcheri, pamene chaka chino mtengo umabala zipatso zambiri, ndipo potsatira "kupuma". Atakwanitsa zaka zambiri, "Franz Joseph", monga achibale ake, amabala zipatso chaka chilichonse, osasokonezeka.
Nthawi yogonana
Mofanana ndi biggaros ambiri, "Francis" sali wa oyambirira mitundu yamatcheri okoma, koma kwa pakati. Malinga ndi derali, zipatsozo zimafika poyera mu June, osati kale kuposa zaka khumi kapena ziwiri mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe.
Pereka
Koma pa zokolola za zosiyanasiyana muyenera kunena makamaka. Mtedza wa chitumbuwa nthawi zambiri ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri, zokolola zake ndizitali kuposa za chitumbuwa, 2, kapena katatu. Koma "Francis" ndi mwapadera ngakhale ngakhale chitumbuwa chokoma.
Zoonadi, zizindikiro zowonetsera zogonjera zimadalira dera la kulima, msinkhu wa mtengo, zikhalidwe za chisamaliro ndi zina, koma tizitchula nambala zingapo. 
Pa 10-year-old mtengo mitengo "Franz Joseph" amachotsedwa pafupipafupi 35 makilogalamu a zipatso, kuyambira zaka 15 - 40 makilogalamu.
Mukudziwa? Nzika za m'chigawo cha Crimea zinkawona kuti m'moyo wawo wonse mtengo umodzi wa Francis umabala pafupifupi 113 makilogalamu a mbewu, koma chiwerengero cha mbiriyi chiposa kawiri kuchuluka kwa mtengo - makilogalamu 249!
Ngati kumadera a kumpoto kwa Caucasus, zokolola zimayesedwa pa makilogalamu 30 pa chaka, ku Ukraine mtengo umodzi umachotsedwa pa nyengo 60-70 makilogalamu abwino kwambiri a yamatcheri okoma.
Transportability
Chikhalidwe china chimene "Francis" ndi mtsogoleri wosatsutsika ndi kutengeka kwa zipatso.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso "Franz Joseph" sangangodzitamandira bwino kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi inkayankhidwa ndikupitirira kuyesedwa ngati mtundu wofanana ndi umene mitundu ina ya mtengo wa zipatso iyi imayesedwa.
Kubweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya yamatcheri, obereketsa akuyesera kukwaniritsa kuwonjezeka kwa mbewu kusungirako ndi kayendedwe, ndipo ndiyenera kunena kuti ntchitoyi ikuthetsedwa bwino. Komabe, "Franz Joseph" akupitirizabe kukhala pakati pa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya chitumbuwa chokoma mu chizindikiro chofunika ichi, makamaka pa mafakitale. 
Kukana kwa chilengedwe ndi matenda
I. Kuwonetsa kunabweretsa zokwanira zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza chitumbuwa zosiyanasiyana. Mtengowu sungagonjetsedwe ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe (zimakwanira kukumbukira malo ozungulira malo ake), zimagonjetsedwa ndi zirombo. Ponena za matenda opatsirana ndi fungal, izi ndizo zabwino kwambiri. Pa nthawi ya fruiting, imvi yoopsa imakhala yoopsa kwambiri pa chitumbuwa chokoma (spreader ndi bowa Botrytis cinerea), yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudza zipatso mu nyengo yamvula ndipo imakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.
Zina zitatu zowomba miyala yamtengo wapatali - moniliosis, kleasterosporiosis, ndi coccomycosis - zingathenso kuwononga Franz Joseph. Moniliasis, kapena monilial kutentha, ndi owopsa kwa mtengo pang'ono (chimodzi mwa zitatu zomwe zingatheke, ndiko kuti, mwayi wa kuwonongeka siposa 33.3%), ndi zinthu zina ziwiri zikukhala zochepa kwambiri: mwayi wokhala ndi coccomycosis ndi 62.5%, nthendayi, kapena perforated spotting - pafupifupi 70%. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma, mawerengedwewa sali oipa kwambiri.
Malangizo othandiza kwa wamaluwa: phunzirani momwe mungatetezere mbewu kuchokera ku mbalame.
Kulekerera kwa chilala
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali ndi mtengo wakumwera, choncho ntchentche zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kuposa chilala. Ndikokwanira kuti chomeracho sichikusowa chinyezi panthawi yomwe chimalowa mu gawo la kukula kwachangu pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira ndikuyamba kupanga zipatso. 
Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri pakali pano madzi omwe ali pansi ndi okwanira, mosiyana, amayamba kutha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi pa kucha kwa zipatso. Ichi ndi vuto losatha la alimi a chitumbuwa. Mtengo uyenera kukhala wambiri madzi pakati pa autumn, koma cholinga cha njirayi ndi kuthandiza yamatcheri kuti apulumuke nthawi yovuta - nyengo yozizira, chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, nthaka youma imatulutsa zambiri.
Komabe, pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa chotchedwa "Frans Joseph" sichikusiyanitsidwa ndi chilala chotsutsana, ndipo izi zimakhala zochepa kwa mitundu monga "Kitaevskaya Chernaya", "Krupnoplodnaya", "Polyanka", "Priusadebnaya", "Russkaya", "Melitopol Early", ndi " ngakhale zochepa zopanda chilala monga Bahor, Biggaro Napoleon White, Biggaro Oratovsky, Vinka ndi Vystavochnaya.
Zima hardiness
Chilichonse ndi chabwino mu chitumbuwa - ndi zokolola ndi kukoma kwa chipatso, komanso kumatsutsa tizirombo ndi matenda. Vuto lina: mitengo sichingaime chisanu. Pachifukwa ichi, kwa nthawi yaitali, yamatcheri okoma amakula mokhazikika kumadera akum'mwera ndipo anakhalabe osatheka kufika ku Central zone. Ndicho chifukwa chake obereketsa adayesa kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa chitumbuwa, osati pang'ono kumpoto.
"Franz Joseph" - imodzi mwa zoyesayesa zoyambazo. Mukakumbukira mapu, zidzatsimikizirika kuti dziko la Czech Republic ndilo malo obadwirako osiyanasiyana - ili pafupi ndi kumpoto kwa Crimea, m'nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri (mpaka 30 ° C), ndipo nthawi zambiri matalala amatha kutuluka ndi chisanu, ndipo kutentha kumatuluka nthawi zambiri , nthawi zina mphepo yamkuntho. Zonsezi sizodziwika bwino kwa mitengo ya zipatso ya kumwera, komabe, "Franz Joseph" inapangidwa m'madera oterewa. 
Malinga ndi miyezo yomwe ilipo, "Francis" adatengedwera kuti adziwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu chotsutsa, chifukwa posachedwapa pali mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma omwe angathe kukula kwambiri kumpoto.
Ndikofunikira! Nyengo yozizira kwambiri-yolimba yamatcheri okoma ndi Leningradskaya Roza, Mtima, ndi anthu a ku Estonia omwe amaimira mitundu, Meelika.
Pankhani imeneyi, mutakula msanga, mazira aang'ono amathandiza kuti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo, komanso monga momwe tafotokozera kale, khalani okonzeka kukonzekera pansi pa chisanu (madzi okwanira masentimita 40) ndi mulching wotsatira wazitali kupewa kutentha kwa madzi).
Zakhala zikuwonetseratu kuti kale kutentha pansipa -23 ° C kuposa theka la Franz Joseph maluwa amafa, ngakhale nkhuni yokha imadwala chisanu popanda kuwonongeka. Koma pamunsi kutentha, thunthu ndi chigoba nthambi zimatha kuzizira pang'ono.
Pali wosakanizidwa wa yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri, omwe amatchedwa "chitumbuwa".
Zipatso ntchito
Monga kunanenedwa, zipatso za "Francis" zili ndi kukoma kwabwino ndipo ndi zabwino ntchito yatsopano (Mwamwayi, iwo amasamalidwa bwino ndi kusungidwa). 
Koma kupindula kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo zikuluzikulu zina zotchedwa peregi cherries) ndikuti zipatso zake zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mpweya wabwino ndi makina, chifukwa chakuti mapaipi awo sagwedezeka panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha, monga mchere wamchere.
Mukudziwa? Mu Middle Ages, mawu akuti "cerasus" amatchedwa onse chitumbuwa ndi chitumbuwa chokoma, koma pachiyambi choyamba epithet "wowawasa" chinawonjezeredwa ku dzina, - "okoma". M'Chingelezi, mwa njira, pamakhalabe chisokonezo pa zipatso ziwirizi. - zonsezi zimatchulidwa ndi "chitumbuwa". Ponena za yamatcheri, komabe mawu akuti "sweet cherries" (omwe ndi, kachiwiri, okoma chitumbuwa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pamene anthu amalankhula za yamatcheri, amatha kufotokozera "yamatcheri" a tart (ndiko, chitumbuwa, koma tart). Komabe, mwina vuto ndi lakuti ku Amerika ndi ku England chitumbuwa chokoma - osati kudzikongoletsa kotereku, monga kumwera kwa Ukraine, kuti anthu samvetsa kusiyana kwake.
Mitengo yamatcheri yamtengo wapatali "Franz Joseph" ingakhalenso youma. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yothetsera zokolola zazikulu, ndipo ndikukhulupirira ine, zipatso izi sizochepa mu kukoma kwa zoumba ndi zouma apricots, koma izi ndizoyambirira. Koma gwiritsani ntchito malangizowa: kotero kuti pamene mukukolola madzi onse ofunika samatuluka mu chipatso: mwalawo sayenera kuchotsedwa, koma atayanika. Onjezani zotsekemera zokoma zowonjezera ku chikho chimene mumaikonda - ndipo anu okometsetsani adzakondwa ndi kukoma kwatsopano ndi kodabwitsa. 
Phunzirani momwe mungayamire malalanje, plums, mphesa, strawberries, currants, maapulo, mapeyala, cranberries, blueberries, rosehip, dogwood.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Kuchokera pamwambapa tsatanetsatane wa zosiyana, munthu akhoza kufotokoza mwachidule ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Franz Josef lokoma chitumbuwa.
Zotsatira
- Kukolola kwakukulu.
- Kuyenda bwino kwambiri (pafupifupi kutanthauzira).
- Kumayambiriro kwa kuyamba kwa fruiting.
- Kukoma kwakukulu ndi maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe a zipatso, koma kukula kwakukulu.
- Malo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito zokolola - ntchito yaiwisi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zofanana.
- Pamwamba chisanu kukana ziwalo zowonjezera.
Wotsutsa
- Avereji yozizira hardiness (osati oyenera kukula m'madera ozizira).
- Kulekerera kochepa kwa chilala.
- Avereji yosunga khalidwe la zipatso.
- Ndi zizindikiro zofanana za transportability, pali mitundu yambiri yobala zipatso.
- Pakati pa mvula yambiri nthawi ya fruiting, zotchedwa cherries zimakhudzidwa ndi zovunda zowola ndi zosweka.
- Osati wokhoza kudziyesa yekha.
- Kutha kusasitsa mochedwa (gawo lachiwiri la June).
"Franz Joseph" ndi mtengo wokoma wa chitumbuwa, umene, ndithudi, uyenera kubzalidwa pa chiwembu ngati simukukhala kumpoto kwa Volgograd dera la Russia kapena Czech Republic ku Ulaya. Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi chosamveka komanso kukhalapo kwa oyandikana nawo mungu, izi zowoneka bwino kwambiri zidzakondweretsa inu ngati simunayambe mwamsanga, koma zokolola zambiri komanso zokoma, zomwe mungathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta mpaka nyengo yozizira.
