Kusankha mitundu yabwino ya nkhaka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chifukwa cha kukayikira pa zokolola, kukana matenda, kukoma kwa makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe a kubzala, kulima, kusungirako. M'nkhani ino tikambirana mafunso onse okhudzana ndi Ekol F1 osakaniza-nkhaka oyambirira - imodzi mwa atsopano atsopano. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muwerenge ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mbiri yobereka
Nkhaka amatchulidwa m'Baibulo. Koma makasitomala amakono a nyengo yamakono "Ecole F1" adakonzedwa ndi Syngenta Mbeu (Syngenta Seeds B.V.), kampani yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha mbewu. Amapereka msika ndi mbewu lero. Mayesero oyambirira a Ekol F1 anali mu 2001. Ndipo mu 2007 mitundu yosiyanasiyana inalowetsamo. Mbewu imapezeka podutsa "mizere yoyera", yomwe imabweretsa zokolola zambiri pambali ya mizere ya makolo.
Mukudziwa? Mu chilengedwe, pali chomera cha herbaceous chomwe chimatchedwa "Mad nkhaka": ikadzapsa, imatulutsa mbeu 6 mamita pansi pa kupsyinja mkati mwa chipatso.
Makhalidwe ndi zosiyana
Tiyeni tiyang'ane makhalidwe a nkhaka "Ecole" ndipo tiyambe ndi tsatanetsatane wa zosiyanasiyana.
Onani nkhaka izi: Libelae, Meringue, Spring, Hector f1, Emerald Earrings, Crispina f1, Taganai, Paltchik, Real Colonel, Wopikisana.
Mitengo
Mmerawo ndi wautali wofiira komanso wamtali. Tikuyamika chifukwa chafupipafupi internodes. Ali ndi mphukira zina, kukula kwa tsinde lalikulu kulibe malire. Masamba ndi obiriwira, omwe amakhala osakaniza komanso ochepa. Kukonzekera kwathunthu kupsinjika.
Mtunduwu uli ndi mtundu wa maluwa, umatuluka ndi maluwa - umatulutsa zipatso zingapo mu nthiti imodzi. "Ekol F1" amatanthauza gulu la parthenocarpic, ndipo m'mawu omveka - wodzimanga mungu wokolola.
Zipatso
Kutalika kwa nkhaka kumafika pa masentimita 4 mpaka 10, ndipo kulemera kumafikira 95 g. Zipatsozo ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, ndi mikwingwirima yofiira yowala komanso pang'ono mawanga. Zimakhala zosalala ndi zokongola zooneka bwino ndi miyendo yokhala ndi mapiritsi akuluakulu ndi zofiira zoyera zapamwamba. Kutalika ndi udzu wa udzu wobiriwira umagwirizana ndi 3.2: 1.
Nyerere ndi yopepuka. Mnofu ndi crispy, wokoma ndi onunkhira. Pakati mulibe voids, kukoma kwake ndi kokoma: okoma, popanda kuwawa (maonekedwe).
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka ili ndi 95% madzi. Ndipo chifukwa cha makilogalamu 150 pa kilogalamu, nkhaka ndi zakudya zamagetsi.
Pereka
Mwachiwerengero, ndi ofanana ndi matani 12 pa 1 ha. Ngakhale titatenga zotsatira za anthu okwana 293 pa hekita imodzi, izi zilipo 72 peresenti pa hekta imodzi imodzi kuposa zokolola za Aist zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo. Zamasamba zimachitika masiku 42-48. Mu masabata awiri oyambirira a fruiting - zitsanzo zitatu za zipatso. Kukolola sikutha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa October.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Nkhaka "Ecole F1" - mitundu yolemekezeka yolemekezeka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana: kusankha, kusungira, kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano. Choposa zonse, zimasonyeza kukoma mu mafotayi ndi ma mchere.
Zotsatira
Izi nkhaka pazodalirika - onse nkhaka nkhaka:
- Mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti muli ndi zokolola zambiri. Amapereka fruiting yake iliyonse chifukwa cha mazira asanu ndi anai osayanjanitsika.
- Pickles ndi gherkins mu zambiri chifukwa maluwa mtundu wa maluwa otsimikiziridwa.
- Kukoma kwa "Ekol F1" ndibwino kwambiri.
- Kugula ndi 75%, ndipo kusunga nthawi zonse ndi bwenzi labwino.
- Sichidzapweteka ndi mafilimu a fodya kapena powdery mildew, bulauni malo (kladosporioza), ndizokwanira matenda osagwira ntchito.
- Modzichepetsa pamene mukukula.
- Chosiyana ndi zosiyanasiyana "Ekol F1": zipatso satsanulira pamene chilala, kusowa madzi okwanira, koma osagwa, monga mitundu ina.
Ndikofunikira! Kodi F1 ndi chiyani? Chizindikiro chimati izi ndi mbewu za wosakanizidwa wa m'badwo woyamba. Ndiko, ndi malo osachepera, mudzalandira zipatso zambiri. Koma mbeu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa sizidzakhala zoyenera kuti zidzamera m'chaka chotsatira.
Wotsutsa
- Mdima wonyezimira amatha kupangira mbiya ndikuwonetsa kukoma kosakondweretsa pamene watulutsidwa nthawi.
- Kuvulazidwa mu zotupa ndi downy mildew (peronosporozom).
- Mbewu ndi zosayenera chifukwa chodzala chaka chamawa ngati akusonkhanitsidwa kunyumba.
Kukula nkhaka mu njira yopanda madzi
Fruiting ndi kukula zimasinthidwa kuti zitseguke pansi ndi greenhouses, greenhouses ndi pogona ndi filimuyo. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodzichepetsa, tidzakambirana njira yothetsera.
Nthawi yabwino
Mapeto a May ndi nthawi yobzala mbewu za nyengo ya Ukraine. Kutentha kofunikira kwa kutentha kwa dothi mozama masentimita 10 ndi 15 ... +16 ° C (mwinamwake chomera chidzakhala pang'onopang'ono). Chizindikiro china ndi pamene kutentha kwa masana kumafika + 22 ... +24 ° C, ndipo usiku - kutentha kwa 18 ° C. 
Kusankha malo
Nthaka yapakati loamy ndi lotayirira imagwirizana bwino, komanso Kutetezedwa kwa mphepo ndi kuyatsa kokwanira kumafunika. Malo a kubzala kwa mbatata chaka chatha, anyezi, tsabola, nyemba, kabichi ndizoyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukutsatira njira ya rassadnogo yakukula, kumbukirani: kusankha ndi gawo lofooka la nkhaka. Chomera chilichonse chiri ndi "nyumba" yake. Kufesa kumalimbikitsidwa pakati pa mwezi wa April, ndipo ndikofunika kudzala pansi pamwezi wina.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Mbewu ya zaka 2-3 isanafike, ndipo idzakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti izi zitheke (Epin ndi Zircon) kapena yankho la "Nitrofoski" ndi madzi ndi phulusa - 1 tsp: 1 L: 1 tbsp. ). Ngati mbeu ili ndi zaka zosachepera 2, imakhala yotentha mpaka 60 ° C. Mbewu ziyenera kugona m'madzi ozizira kapena mu chidebe ndi njira yothetsera kutentha kwa + 25 ° + 30 ° C mpaka kuzidziwika kwa masiku angapo.
Malo okonzekera
Ngati mukufuna kukonza nkhaka "Ecole F1" chaka chamawa, koma nthaka si yoyenera - kugwa ndi nthawi yopindulitsa dothi lolemera ndi lolemera ndi mitengo yamatabwa. Musanayambe kubzala mbewu muyenera kukumba pansi, kuwonjezera manyowa owuma kapena kompositi.
Kufesa mbewu: chitsanzo ndi kuya
Mukamabzala, nkofunika kumadzika mwachindunji mu dzenje kapena m'munda musanafike mbewuyo. Amafesedwa pa mabedi mpaka masentimita atatu ndipo mtunda wina umakhala wa 15-17 masentimita. Mizere pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala 60-65 masentimita. Mabowowo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, aliyense akhoza kutsetsereka ku 1.5-2 cm masentimita asanu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.
Ndikofunikira! M'masiku ochepa oyambirira ndikofunika kuphimba mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa ndi filimu ngati kutentha kumachepa usiku.
Zosamalira
Ngakhale kuti "Ecole F1" ndikulimbana ndi zovuta kwambiri, yang'anireni: madzi, udzu, namsongole, kumasula nthaka, chakudya.
Ndipo ngati mukufuna kutsimikizira zokolola zambiri, chifukwa cha zotsatirazi, muyenera "kuzimitsa" mfundo 6 kuchokera pansi pa tsinde lililonse. Izi zikutanthauza - chotsani ovary wa machimo. Chinsinsi chimathandizanso kuti pakhale chingwe cholimba. 
Kukhazikika kwa tchire sikuyenera kuteteza matenda ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutayika kwa zamasamba kapena chitsamba chonse. Patatha masiku khumi mutabzala, kuchepetsa kumera kwa mtunda wa masentimita 10. Panthawi yopanga masamba, ndondomeko iyenera kubwerezedwa, kusiya 20-25 masentimita pakati pa tchire.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso zosafunika, ndikofunika kuchotsa, osati kuchoka kunja kwa nthaka, koma ndi mpeni. Ukhondo udzateteza mizu ya zomera zoyandikana nawo.
Kuthirira
Madzi ochuluka kwa nkhaka ndizofunikira chifukwa cha malo a mizu kumtunda kwa nthaka. Chifukwa cha kusowa, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, kulawa ndi mtundu, komanso zokolola, zingawonongeke. Musanayambe maluwa, madzi ayenera kuthiriridwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, kuyambira nthawi yomwe ovary akuonekera, masiku atatu aliwonse, ndipo nthawi zina, kamodzi pa masiku awiri.
Ndi bwino kuthirira madziwo ndi madzi otentha otenthedwa kufika +25 ° C patsiku padzuwa m'mbiya ndi madzi madzulo kapena m'mawa. Njira yabwino yopopera madzi, kuti asawononge mizu ya zomera. Kusamba kwa tsiku kungayambitse kutentha pa masamba. Mvula yamvula, pamene kutentha kumatsika, madzi osachepera ayenera kuthiriridwa; mwinamwake, mizu idzavunda.
Kupewa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Iyenera kuyamba ndi maonekedwe a masamba atatu oyambirira pa tsinde komanso pamaso pa chipatso. Chithandizo cha 0.05% cha mankhwala "Quadris-250 / SC" kapena 0.02% yankho la "Pharmode" limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa prophylaxis.
Kupaka pamwamba
Nkhaka imakula pamtunda, choncho sungathe kupereka mokwanira zowonjezera zowonjezera zothandiza. Thandizani "Ekol F1" feteleza, ndipo adzakupatsani zokolola. Kudyetsa nthawi - maola 4 musanamwe madzi. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, onetsetsani kuti musamba feteleza pamasamba, chifukwa amatha kuyaka.
Pamene masamba awiri oyambirira atuluka, atha kukonzekera: 10 l madzi + 10 g iliyonse ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu mchere, superphosphate. Pambuyo pa masiku awiri, pewani chakudya, koma kaŵirikaŵiri kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera. Pakatha masiku asanu ndi awiri kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa fruiting, yankho la 10 malita a madzi ndi 30 g wa potaziyamu sulphate ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Yambani
Kwa "Ekol F1", mitundu yowonjezera yokhala ndi zothandizira kuti zitsatike pamtunda. Njirayi imalola kuti zipitirire zokolola chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tchire komanso kuthetsa kufalikira kwa matenda (iwo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mukakumana ndi nthaka). Kusamalira nkhalango kumachepetsanso nthawi. 
Kuti zithandizidwe mugwiritsire ntchito waya wothandizira, chingwe kapena ma lattic a chitsulo, nkhuni. Anachotsa mphukira zonse zomwe zakhala ndi masentimita 30 pansi pa chithandizo. Musaphonye nthawi yomwe tsinde limakula ku waya: ndiye ndikofunika kukulunga kawiri kuzungulira trellis, kuchepetsani pansi ndi kutsitsa mfundo yakukula, kubwerera masamba atatu.
Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu
Mtengo woyenera wa nkhaka "Ecole F1" pakukolola - 5-7 masentimita (amuna obiriwira). Mitengo imatha kufika 3-5 cm m'litali, ndi gherkins - osaposa masentimita 8, koma osachepera 4 masentimita.
Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa nkhaka masiku awiri m'mawa kapena madzulo, nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa chikasu ndi masamba ovunda. Zipatso "Ekol F1" imangopitirira msanga ndi kukhala osayenera - zosakoma, zazikulu, zovuta. Kusankha tsiku ndi tsiku kudzakupatsani chiwerengero chochulukira cha pickle ndi kuonjezera zokolola.
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi yokolola, muyenera kukhala osamala kuti musawononge zomera. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito pruner kapena mpeni, kusiya tsinde pa tsinde. Ndipo kusamalira manja anu, valani magolovesi a ntchito.Nkhuka zoyamba zikuwonekera masabata asanu mutabzala mbewu pamtunda. Mukhoza kupitiriza kukolola mpaka September mpaka October. Ngati mukufuna kudzala nkhaka pamalo omwewo nyengo yotsatira, onetsetsani kuti kuchotsa zipatso zonse ndikuchokera kumunda.
Salafu moyo watsopano zipatso - masiku angapo (njira yabwino - 5) pamalo ozizira ndi amthunzi. Mufiriji - masiku asanu ndi awiri. Ndipo mu phukusi ndi nsalu yonyowa, mungathe komanso masiku 10!Ganizirani ubwino ndi kuipa kwa "Ekol F1" ndi kusankha! Nkhukazo zinasankhidwa ndi mfumu ya Roma, Tiberius, Napoleoni ndi mafarao a Aigupto.
