Raspberries - mmodzi mwa okondedwa kwambiri zipatso za anthu ambiri. Zipatso za rasipiberi nthawi zonse zimachititsa mabwenzi okondweretsa, kukumbukira kukoma kwa ubwana. Komabe, pali mitundu yambiri ya raspberries, ndipo ili yonse ndi yosiyana, kukula, mawonekedwe a chitsamba, ndi zina zotero. M'nkhaniyi tiona za rasipiberi Taganka, tidziwa za makhalidwe ake akuluakulu, komanso malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe
Mitundu ya rasipiberi iyi inakhazikitsidwa mu 1976 ku Moscow. Asayansi ochokera ku sukulu yoswana ndi luso lamakono la ulimi ndi anamera anali kugwira ntchito yobereketsa. Lero pali mphekesera kuti Taganka rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano ya rasipiberi mitundu, koma tsopano mukudziwa kuti izi sizomwe zikudziwika bwino. Wosakanizidwawo unagwiritsidwa mwa kudutsa zosiyanasiyana Krupna Dvurod ndi Scottish mtundu wosakanizidwa mawonekedwe 707/75.
Kufotokozera ndi Zochitika
Katswiri wina wamasayansi, dzina lake Chinese, pamodzi ndi ma ward ake, adabweretsa izi zaka zoposa 40 zapitazo. Ndipo lero, zipatso ndi zitsamba za Taganka sizikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi mitundu ina ya rasipiberi.
Mitengo
Rasipiberi chitsamba cha izi zosiyanasiyana zimathamanga kwambiri. Akuwombera wamtali kukula kumbali. Mitengo imatha kufika mamita awiri kapena kuposa. Mphukira yaikulu, chiwerengero chake pa chitsamba chimodzi chimasiyana ndi 6 mpaka 8, imatha kusintha, yamphamvu ndi yandiweyani. Zaka zimakhala zobiriwira zobiriwira, zabwino ndi zabwino. Pazomera iliyonse nthambi zambiri zamphamvu zimapangidwa, zomwe zimatha kupirira zokolola zazikulu. Masamba amasonkhanitsidwa atatu pa cuttings iliyonse. Zili zowonongeka, zojambula mumdima wobiriwira. Mphindi waukulu wa minga uli pa mphukira zomwe sizowona bwino komanso zojambula mu utoto wofiirira.
Zipatso
Zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakula kukula kwakukulu, ngakhale tchire sichiyenera kusamalidwa bwino. Kuchuluka kwake kwa zipatso za shrub zosasunthika kumafikira 7-8 g Pazinthu za mafakitale pa nthaka yolima, zipatso zimakhala zolemera 17 g. Amaluwa ena amafanizira kukula kwa zipatso za Taganka ndi kukula kwa plums.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi mbiri, woyamba ku Russia rasipiberi anaonekera Yuri Dolgorukov. Komanso, kukula kwa kubzala kunali koti ma bebera sanadabwepo munthu kuti aziyendera ma raspberries nthawi zonse.Zipatso za Taganka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira zofiira, zozungulira mumlengalenga. Khungu la zipatsozo ndi lalikulu, kotero pakukolola, zipatso sizimapuma ndipo sizimatulutsa madzi (malonda a zipatso ndi apamwamba). Zipatso zam'madzi, zonunkhira, zokoma. Chimodzi mwa makhalidwe awo abwino ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha mbewu.
Pereka
Popeza rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana ndi remontant, imabereka zipatso 4-5 pa nyengo. Mukasamalidwa bwino kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi kwa nyengo, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mpaka makilogalamu 45 a zipatso. Ngati mukukula Taganka pazinthu zamalonda paminda yayikulu, ndiye pahekitala imodzi ya nthaka imapanga matani 20.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande
Kulamulira kwakukulu posankha sapling ndi wogulitsa wotsimikiziridwa. Kugula zipangizo zamalonda zakutchire sikuyenera kukhala, monga ogulitsa kumeneko samatsatira makamaka mtundu woyeretsa ndi ubwino wa zinthu zogulitsidwa. Komanso, m'misika, mwa kunyalanyaza, munthu akhoza kugula masewera achilengedwe omwe angabereke zipatso zazing'ono, komanso zochepa. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugula mbande m'minda yaikulu kapena pa masitolo akuluakulu a pa Intaneti. Otsatirawo nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi malo akuluakulu a munda ndipo amapereka wogulitsa yekhayo.
Zomwe zimatchuka ndi mitundu ya rasipiberi monga: "The Giant", "Orange Miracle", "Chikhulupiriro", "Fairy Tale", "Cumberland" ndi "Caramel".
Mukamagula, samalani kutalika kwa mphukira. Zomera zazikulu kwambiri sizingatheke, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zizuke m'malo atsopano. Chinthu chabwino chodzala chiyenera kukhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono 2-4 (ogulitsa omwe akutsimikiziridwa nthawi zambiri amapereka mbande ndi mphukira zitatu). Muyeneranso kusamala kwambiri kuzu wa shrub. Ziyenera kukhala zamphamvu, zowonjezera bwino, zowonjezeka bwino, komanso zowola.
Kusankha malo abwino
Ngati mukufuna kusonkhanitsa mbewu zazikulu ndi zonunkhira pachaka, ndiye kuti mupeze malo abwino kwambiri obzala shrub yokongola iyi.
Kuunikira
Amaluwa onse amadziwa kuti rasipiberi ndi chomera chokonda, ndipo chiyenera kubzalidwa pamalo abwino. Chifukwa chodzala malo osayenera pansi pa mitengo yosatha kapena pakati pazitali zitsamba. Ndi bwino kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Taganka kumbali ya kum'mwera kapena kum'maŵa kwa chiwembu chomwe dzuwa limapanga maola ambiri.
Nthaka
Kukonzekera kwa rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana kumakula bwino pa dothi loamy la thanzi. Malo oti mubzala mbande ayenera kutetezedwa kuti asawombere mphepo zamphamvu. Madzi a pansi pano ayenera kukhala mozama kwambiri kuposa 1.5 mamita. Ma acidity a nthaka ayenera kusinthasintha pafupi 6-7.5 Рн. Kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi cha malo ndi malo omwe madzi ochuluka amasonkhanitsa m'chaka ndi osayenera kubzala taganka.
Malo okonzekera
Ngati mtundu wa peaty umakhala pa tsamba lanu, ndiye kuti mumayenera kusinthanitsa ndi masentimita makumi awiri ndi limodzi ndi dongo ndi kuwonjezera manyowa. Nthendayi, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, idzapangitsa kuwonongeka kofulumira kwa peat mass.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuthana ndi kachilomboka ka rasipiberi pa nthawi ya maluwa, tchire tiyenera kutsitsidwa ndi tizirombo ndi fungicides.Pa rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana, ndi bwino kukonzekera dothi lachonde. Kuti tichite izi, m'pofunika kuchotsa dothi la pamwamba pa dothi la masentimita 45 mpaka 60 pamalo otsogolera. Amaluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito supphosphates kapena phosphorous ufa, potaziyamu mchere, feteleza osakaniza, ndi zina zotero. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza pa 1 m³ ya nthaka yofukula kudzadalira kuti nthaka ikupanga bwanji pa tsamba lanu. Kawirikawiri, nthaka ya masentimita imodzi yobzala raspberries imalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito (pafupifupi mtengo): 100-120 g wa superphosphate, 20-30 g wa potaziyamu mchere, 80-100 g wa nayitrogenious feteleza.
Mitundu yambiri ya rasipiberi remontant ingaphatikizepo mitundu monga "Hercules", "Atlant", "Heritage", "Diamond" ndi "Monomakh's Hat".
Zindikirani kuti Rasakiberi ya Taganka sichikonda nthaka yowawa, choncho, ngati dothi la acidity liri lalikulu m'dera lanu, ndiye njira yotsatira iyenera kutengedwa: 100-140 g wa laimu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita iliyonse ya mzere wa ngalande yofukula. Wamasamba ena awona zokolola zabwino m'malo omwe nthaka ili ndi manyowa. Mukamabzala zingathe kupangidwa ndi mlingo wa zidebe 2 pa 1 mamita.Khwerero ndi sitepe akufikitsa malangizo
Pambuyo pa malo okonzeka kubzala, m'pofunikira kuti mupitirize kuyendetsa nokha. Pachifukwachi nkofunika kukumbukira lamulo limodzi: Mtunda wa pakati pa tchire ukhale 45-55 cm, pakati pa mizera - 1.4-1.5 mamita. Maumboni ena amatanthauza ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Kubzala maenje pa nthawi ino muyenera kukhala okonzeka, monga momwe munayambira kale kuchotsa chonde chomera ndi kuwonjezera fetereza. Kuzama kwa maenje ayenera kukhala 45-60 masentimita, m'lifupi - 40-50 cm.
- Pansi pa maenje muyenera kutsanulira malo ang'onoang'ono okonzedwa. Kenaka konzekerani kayendedwe kabwino ka madzi. Kwa ichi mungagwiritse ntchito njerwa kapena woponyedwa miyala. Mitsuko imayikidwa mu mphika wa masentimita 7 mpaka 10. Kuchokera mmwamba muli ndi mpweya wochepa thupi.
- Tsopano ndikofunikira kuponyera 40-50 g ya zovuta mchere feteleza pansi pa fossa, kenaka muike mmera mmenemo ndi kuwawaza ndi dziko lapansi.
- Nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba iyenera kudulidwa kuti dzenje limapangidwe. Thirani za chidebe cha madzi mu dzenje ndikudikirira kufikira utalowa m'nthaka.
- Kenaka, pewani chitsamba kuti muzu wa mizu uli 4-6 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka pamwamba.
- Pambuyo pake, dziko lonse lapansi likhoza kutsanuliridwa mu dzenje ndikupondaponda pang'ono.
- Pansi pa nthaka yachonde kuti mulch. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritse ntchito mapewa, udzu wouma, peat, ndi zina zotero.
Kumbukirani kuti raspberries yonse yazaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (8-8) imayenera kuikidwa pamalo atsopano. Pankhaniyi, zitsamba zakale, ngati pali chosowa, m'malo mwake mukhale ndi zatsopano. Kuwotchera kumachitika chifukwa chakuti nthawi yeniyeni ya tchire lamoto imatha kuchotsa zonse zothandiza mchere m'nthaka yosanjikiza. Komanso, kuvala pa nkhaniyi sikungakhale kovuta.Kusamalira bwino - chinsinsi chokolola chabwino
Kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino ndi zapamwamba zimabwerera chaka chilichonse, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasamalire bwino Rasipiberi ya Taganka.
Kuthirira ndi kukulitsa
Mtengo ndi kukoma kwa zipatso za rasipiberizi zosiyanasiyana zidzadalira njira yoyenera yothirira. Taganka ndi mitundu yosiyana ndi chilala, komabe si minga ya ngamila, choncho ndikofunikira kuidziwa. Kuthirira kumachitika mlungu uliwonse m'mawa kapena madzulo powaza. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi la pamwamba pa raspberries nthawi zonse limakhala lonyowa. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumafunika kufikira 2-3 pa sabata.
Mukudziwa? Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mabulosi a rasipiberi okoma ndi a ku Roma wakale.
Nthawi zofunika kwambiri ndi pamene shrub imafuna madzi ambiri: kuyamba kwa maluwa ndi kucha kwa zipatso zoyamba. Pa nthawiyi, muyenera kutsimikiza kuti kuthirira kwadothi kunapangitsa nthaka kukhala osachepera 30-35 masentimita. Komabe, kuchepa kwa madzi sikuyenera kuloledwa, mwinamwake kungayambitse kukula kwakukulu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nkofunika kukulitsa nthaka nthawi yotentha, pamene chinyezi chabwino cha dothi kuzungulira tchire chiyenera kusungidwa. Olima munda amagwiritsa ntchito mulch: youma nettle, udzu, peat, singano zapaini, manyowa owuma, masamba owuma, ndi zina zotero.Onetsetsani malamulo a chisamaliro ndi kubzala raspberries mu kasupe ndi yophukira.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chovala choyamba cha Taganka chimalandira mwamsanga mutabzala. Nthaka yopindula ndi mchere ndi zinthu zina zimapereka raspberries ndi zinthu zothandiza chaka chonse. Nyengo yotsatira rasipiberi imayenera kudyetsa humus, pa mlingo wa zidebe zisanu za feteleza za feteleza pa mita imodzi ya nthaka. Izi zimapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, shrub imayenera kudyetsa ngati mulch. Mulch ayenera kukhala kuchokera ku mahatchi a humus ndi udzu. Kuvala pamwamba kotere kumathandiza kuti mutengere bwino komanso mutenge nthaka. Aliyense kasupe raspberries amadyetsedwa ndi zovuta mchere feteleza. Mukhoza kuwagula m'munda uliwonse pomwepo ndi malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Kukonzanso rasipiberi Taganka kulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timakhala tcheru tomwe timapanga mphukira, ndipo zimachotsedwa masika kapena autumn. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingayambe kuyika mphutsi kapena mazira pazitsamba zopanda madzi, koma izi sizikuvulaza Taganka, chifukwa mphukira zake zimayamba kukula pakati pa chilimwe. Kuwonjezera apo, izi zosiyanasiyana zimatetezedwa mwachilengedwe kuchokera ku mphutsi mu chipatso. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zipatso za rasipiberizi zosiyanasiyana zimayamba kucha mu August, ndipo palibe mphutsi pa nthawi ino.
Ndikofunikira! Odala oyambirira rasipiberi Taganka ndi: tsabola, tomato, mbatata, biringanya.Koma, ngakhale zilizonse zomwe tatchulazi, njira zothandizira kuteteza raspberries ndizofunikira. Njira zoterezi zidzakhala m'malamulo otsatirawa:
- Pachaka kugula kudulira raspberries.
- Pambuyo kudulira, mphukira zonse zakutali ziyenera kuwonongedwa (ndi bwino kuwotcha kuti nthawi yomweyo iwononge mphutsi za tizirombo zonse).
- Kutsegula nthaka tsiku lililonse masabata awiri mpaka 2-3 cm.
- Kukumba nthaka yopangira rasipiberi pansi chaka chilichonse.
- Kuyang'anitsitsa zitsamba kwa tizirombo ndi matenda.
- Kutulutsidwa kwa namsongole kwa nthawi yake.
Yambani
Rasipiberi Taganka ndi mitundu yayitali, choncho imakhala ndi garter yabwino komanso yabwino. Pali njira zingapo zopangira raspberries:
- Njira ya Shpaler. Kuti muchite izi, pamodzi ndi rasipiberi tchire pamtunda wa mamita 3-4 muyenera kumanda mitengo. Pa iwo kukoka waya ndi pakati pa 4-5 mm. Mphukira imangirizidwa ku waya motero kuti kutalika kwa masentimita 70 pali 6-8 mphukira.
- Njira ya afilimu. Pakati pa tchire lirilonse kuli kofunika kuyika zipilala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 2-2.5. Kumangiriza mbali ya kumanzere ya mphukira ya chitsamba chabwino ndi mbali yoyenera ya mphukira kumanzere. Chifukwa cha garter iyi timalandira keke ya rasipiberi monga mawonekedwe. Thandizo la amsinkhu limalimbikitsa kukula bwino kwa mphukira zazing'ono komanso mpweya wabwino komanso kuwala.
- Njira yamagulu. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kumanga chitsamba chamasipiberi kumalo, omwe amakumbidwa pansi pakati pa chitsamba chomwecho. Njirayi ndi yopanda ntchito ndipo siigwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza ndi wamaluwa omwe amadziwa.
Kudulira
Kudulira rasipiberi kungathe kudulidwa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Komabe, odziwa wamaluwa amalimbikitsa October kudulira. Mphukira zonse zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, kenako ziwotchedwe.
Mukudziwa? Raspberries amatha kusintha mnofu wa khungu pamaso, choncho wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi makwinya.Ngati mukufuna kupeza nthawi yokolola ya raspberries, ndiye kugwa muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zomwe zakhala zikuperekedwa ndi secator. Amachotsedwa 3 masentimita pamwamba pa pamwamba. Kuti ma rasipiberi aziperekedwa m'chaka, mphukira siziyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Zikatero, mbali yonse yam'mwamba imachotsedwa, imasiya malo okha, osapitirira 30 cm.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Yophukira ikudulira zitsamba zakuda ndipo ikukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Mphukira zakutali pamtunda ukuwotchedwa, ndipo mizu yokha yomwe ili pansi imayenera kusintha. Mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Taganka imatsutsana ngakhale ngakhale kumpoto kwa chisanu cholimba popanda mavuto, kotero palibe chifukwa chokhalira pogona padera. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuika masamba a raspberries m'chaka, simungathe kuchotsa mphukira zonsezo. Choncho, ayenera kumangoyendetsedwa pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi agrofibre. Nthaka yozungulira tsinde ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi manyowa a mahatchi kapena peat. Pomaliza, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti Rasipiberi ya Taganka ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali m'mabwalo a pansi kapena firiji. Imalekerera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka katundu Zophikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana Malinki kukhala lokoma fungo ndi okoma uchi amakambirana.
