Gymnocalycium ndi mbewu yokongola ya banja la Cactus, yofalikira padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera kumadera achipululu a South ndi Central America. Mitundu imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kwa zimayambira, osanenapo za maluwa okongola. Makope ambiri amatha kuzindikiridwa pokhapokha zaka zochepa, kotero kuti alimi a maluwa amakonda kugula nyimbo zingapo nthawi imodzi ndikupanga mumphika umodzi zosaneneka ngati chipululu cha chipululu mnyumba yawo momwe.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Cactus Gimnocalicium ndiwosakhazikika wokhala ndi mizu yolimba yomwe imalowera mu dothi. Pamwamba pali timipira tating'ono. Ngakhale mu chomera chachikulire, m'mimba mwake wa tsinde simapitilira 4-15 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi theka. Pansi pazachilengedwe, mitundu yokhala ndi khungu losalala lobiriwira imakhala yayikulu. Nthawi zina madontho a bulauni amawoneka pamtunda.
Zoweta zidakumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala bwino wa mphukira. Amakhala achikasu, ofiira kapena lalanje. Izi zimatheka ndikuchotsa chlorophyll m'maselo awo acactus, komabe, chomera choterocho chimatha kumera pachingwe chobiriwira.
Zoyambira zonse zili ndi nthiti 1232 zotchulidwa zokutira zokutidwa ndi areoles. Ming'oma yam'munsi imamizidwa mu villi yochepa. Kutalika kwa ma spines ndi masentimita 1.3-3.8. Pakati pakhale ma singano ataliitali a 3-5, ndipo m'mbali mwake mumakhala malo ofupikirako, ofanana.
Nthawi yamaluwa ku hymnocalycium imachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Novembala. Maluwa amakhala pamwamba pa tsinde. Makapu otsekedwa alibe kwenikweni kwa pubescence ndi spines. Amakhala ndi manda osalala osakanikirana wina ndi mnzake. Maluwa ooneka ngati belu ali ndi mizere ingapo ya miyala ya lanceolate. Pakatikati pake pali chubu chopendekera, chomwe chimakutidwa ndi zonenepa kuchokera mkati. Mtundu wa pamakhala akhoza kukhala wachikasu, kirimu, wofiira kapena rasipiberi. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 2-7 cm.
Chipatso chowumbidwa ndi dzira chimaphimbidwa ndi mamba ang'ono, monganso peduncle. Kutalika kwake sikapitilira masentimita 4. Colouring imatha kukhala yofiirira, yofiirira kapena yobiriwira.
Malingaliro odziwika
Mitundu ya hymnocalicium ndiyambiri, koma mitundu yochepa yokha ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe.
Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi amaliseche. Tsinde lomwe limapangidwa ndi mpira wothothoka limakhala lalikulu, ngati kuti limatupa, nthiti. Pamalo osalala obiriwira pamakhala timaluwa tating'ono tokhala timabatani tambiri tokhotakhota 1-1.3 masentimita.iwojambulidwa utoto wonyezimira. Pamwambapa amakongoletsedwa ndi duwa lalikulu loyera kapena kirimu.
Gimnokalitsium Mikhanovich. Mitundu iyi ndi yofala kwambiri. Chidutswa chokhotakhota chimakhala chosapitirira 5 cm.Ndi nthiti zosokedwa zimakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala yofiirira. Zingwe zasiliva zopindika pang'ono. Maluwa obiriwira kapena opaka rasipiberi okhala ngati belu lotseguka kwambiri amapezeka kumtunda kwa tsinde. Anali nyimbo ya Mikhanovich yomwe idakhala maziko a obereketsa pakupanga zokongoletsera zosakongoletsa za non-chlorophilic za ma buluu a bulauni, achikasu ndi ofiira.
Gymnocalycium Salio. Tsinde lopindika lomwe mulifupi mwake mpaka 30 cm limakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda. Pakati pa mitengo yayikulu ndi nthiti zathunthu zokhala ndi mabulosi achomera. Zingwe zofiirira zofiirira zoloza kumbali. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kufika masentimita 4. Pamwambapa amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa oyera kapena oyera a pinki.
Hymnocalycium inanyongedwa. Thupi lamtundu wobiriwira wamtambo wautchiwu wokutidwa ndi mitsitsi yowongoka, yayitali. Pali zoyerekeza zina zokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 20cm komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Panthawi ya maluwa, peduncle yotalikirapo imamera pamwamba, pomwe imayera maluwa oyera kapena beige.
Gymnocalycium ya Quel. Cactus wozungulira wokhala ndi buluu wamtunda mulibe kupitirira kutalika kwa 10 cm.Miyendo imakhala yaubweya waubweya wokhala ndi timizere tozungulira tomwe timakanikizika mpaka kutsinde. Duwa lalikulu lokhala ndi miyala yoyera imakhala ndi mtanda ofiira kumapeto kwake.
Kusakaniza kwa Gimnokalitsium. Gululi ndi chisakanizo cha mitundu ingapo yaying'ono yokhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 5. Masamba oterewa amakula mosavuta muchidebe chimodzi, kuphatikiza mtundu ndi mawonekedwe.
Njira zolerera
Kukonzanso kwa hymnocalicium kumatheka mwa njira zamasamba ndi seminal. Vomerezani mwachilengedwe bwino komanso moyenera. Zomera zambiri pakukula, popanda kukondoweza, pezani mphukira zamtundu, zomwe zimazika mizu mosavuta. Ndikofunikira kuti timasule mphukirayo ndikuwumitsa kwa maola 24 mlengalenga. Mbale yokhala ndi dothi la mchenga kapena dothi loyera, zodulidwazo zimapanikizidwa pang'ono. Kuti asagwe, mutha kumuthandiza ndi machesi. Mizu yake imawoneka mwachangu mokwanira, makamaka ngati mumachita izi mu April. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwakumbuyo.
Zomera zina zimatulutsa mizu. Ali ndi mizu yolumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chomera cha mayi. Ndikwabwino kubzala mwana nthawi yodzala, mosiyanitsa mizu ndi nthaka. Wochulukitsa zimachitika nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka kuti zimere zachikale.
Kubwezeretsanso mbewu za hymnocalicium kumafuna kulimbikira, koma zikutsimikiziridwa kuti mbande zimakula kwambiri komanso zamphamvu. Bokosi lathyathyathya lomwe limakhala ndi mchenga wosalala bwino ndi peat gawo lapansi. Asanagwiritse ntchito, zosakaniza za dothi ziyenera kuphikidwa mu uvuni kwa maola angapo. Mbewu zimayalidwa bwino panthaka ndikuziphwanya pang'ono. Tiyenera kusamala kuti dziko lapansi lisadziziratu. Kutentha pafupifupi + 20 ° C, mbande zimatuluka mkati mwa masiku 10. Wodziika mu chosungira chokha chimachitika patha chaka chimodzi.
Malamulo a Katemera
Gimnokalitsium Mikhanovich wokhala ndi mapiko achikuda sangathe kudzikundikira panthaka, chifukwa chake, amalumikizidwa kumtundu wina uliwonse wobiriwira. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi katemera, mutha kupulumutsa mbewu yomwe mumakonda yomwe ili ndi vuto lovunda.
Pa cactus wathanzi wokhala ndi mizu yoyambira (chitsa), chopingacho chimapangidwa ndi tsamba lakutulutsa. Kudula komweku kumachitidwa pa scion. Zomera zimakanikizidwa molimba motsutsana ndi kukhazikika ndi bandeji yonyamula katundu. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata limodzi, minyewa ya mafinya ndi lamba zimatha kuchotsedwa mosamala.
Kuphatikizika kwa Gymnocalicium
Kuphatikizika kwa Gymnocalycium kumachitika zaka 1-3 zilizonse kumayambiriro kwamasika. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe mphika womata ndi kukonzanso dothi. Chotengera chakale chadothi chimayenera kuchotsedwa ndi theka. Mphika umasankhidwa bwino kwambiri komanso mwakuya kuposa woyamba.
Dothi la hymnocalycium limapangidwa kuchokera muzinthu zosakanikirana:
- land sheet (magawo atatu);
- mchenga (magawo atatu);
- peat (magawo awiri);
- dziko la turf (magawo awiri);
- zidutswa zamakala (1 gawo).
Kukhalapo kwa laimu m'nthaka sikovomerezeka. Pambuyo pozomera, chomeracho chimakhala chochepa kuthirira kwa sabata limodzi.
Zosamalidwa
Olimbitsa thupi safunikira chisamaliro mosamala kunyumba, koma amafunika malo osankhidwa bwino. Kenako mphukira zake zazing'onoting'ono zimapanga mwachangu nsalu yotchinga, ndipo m'chilimwe iwo amasangalala ndi maluwa okongola.
Kuwala Chomera chimafuna kuunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri limalolera dzuwa mwachindunji, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri. Kutalika kwa maola masana masana chaka chonse sikuyenera kukhala ochepera 12, choncho nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nyali ya fluorescent.
Kutentha Kutentha kwa chilimwe kuyenera kukhala pamlingo + 20 ... + 24 ° C, koma ngakhale pa + 30 ° C hymnocalycium imamveka bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kusinthira chomera kupita kumalo ozizira (+ 12 ... + 15 ° C), koma kuziziritsa pansi + 8 ° C kumakhala kovutitsa.
Chinyezi. Mpweya wowuma chifukwa cha nkhadze si vuto. Nthawi zina amafunika kutsukidwa kuchokera kufumbi pansi pofunda. Kusamba kumayenera kuchitika m'chaka ndi chilimwe.
Kuthirira. Gymnocalicium iyenera kuti ibzalidwe panthaka yabwino. Sichikhala madzi ambiri, koma zochuluka. Chinyontho chowonjezera chiyenera kuyamwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera poto. Pakati kuthilira lapansi kuyenera kuti ome kaye. M'nyengo yozizira, chomera chokwanira chimakhala chokwanira madzi okwanira 1-3 pa nyengo. Madzi azikhala otentha komanso osakanikirana pang'ono.
Feteleza. Cactus amadyetsedwa kokha ndi ma mineral complexes. Feteleza umathiridwa panthaka mwezi uliwonse. Ndikofunikira kusankha nyimbo zapadera za ma apulents okhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni mwanjira yothetsera kapena granules.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ma gymnocalyciums amadwala muzu zowola ndimadzi osefukira pansi. Tizilombo tokwiyitsa kwambiri tizilombo touluka ndi nkhungu ndi nkhupakupa zofiirira. Ndizachilendo kuona tiziromboti, koma mawanga owoneka bwino kapena opera utoto pamutuwo sathandiza maso a womverawo chidwi. Kusambira ndi shafa lotentha ndikuchiza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Aktara, Aktellik, Karbofos) kumathandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo.
