Ngati mukufunafuna pear yosiyanasiyana yomwe siingathe kusunga ubwino wa zipatso zake, komabe ngakhale nthawi ikutha kukonzanso katundu wawo organoleptic - nkhaniyi, mosakayikira, yapangidwa kwa inu. Zidzakambirana za peyala ya ku Belarusi, yomwe imalongosola za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi, zovuta za kubzala ndikuzisamalira.
Mbiri yobereka
Mtengo wamtundu uwu unayamba kupezeka pofesa mbewu za pollination yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya French "Good Louise". Kwa nthawi yoyamba, njirayi inasankhidwa ndi asayansi a ku Belarusian Research Institute of Horticulture, omwe tsopano akutchedwa Institute of Horticulture, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.
Mukudziwa? M'nthaŵi ya ku Girisi wakale, chipatso cha peyalacho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ya matenda oyenda. Nyanja ya ku Greece imatenga magawo ofiira a zipatso izi mpaka zizindikiro za matendawa zatha.
Olemba a zosiyanazi amalingaliridwa pamlingo ndi oweta atatu: G. K. Kovalenko, M. G. Myalik ndi N I. I. Mikhnevich. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1989, izi zakhala zikupezeka mu Register Register of Varieties ndi Breeds of BSSR, ndipo kuyambira 2002 izo zaphatikizidwa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements, zomwe zimaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ku Russia.
Mafotokozedwe ndi zosiyana za zosiyanasiyana
Ndikoyenera kuzindikira kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala ndi dzina lake. Gawo loyamba la izo, monga likuwonekera kale, limasonyeza kugawidwa kwa mtengo woyamba wa mitengo yosiyanasiyana, yachiwiri imatanthauza kuti zipatso za mtengo uwu zimapsa m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira.
Wood
Mtengo uwu uli ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu sichidutsa kuposa mamita asanu, mpukutu wa korona umakhala wosiyana ndi 3 mpaka 4.5 mamita. Korona imakhala yokongola kwambiri, yokhazikika, nthambi zikuluzikulu zimapanga mbali ya 90 ° pokhudzana ndi thunthu. Mphukirayi imakhala ndi makulidwe ambirimbiri, omwe ali ndi chigawo chozungulira ndi yokutidwa ndi ulusi, mtundu umene umasiyana ndi kuwala kofiira mpaka kuwala kofiirira.
Onani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala monga: "Otradnenskaya", "Kokinskaya", "Fairytale", "Nika", "Rogneda", "Elena", "Lada" ndi "Rossoshanskaya mchere".Impso ndizopangidwa mofanana, zochepa, zazikulu. Nthambizi zili ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Masamba ali a kukula kwa sing'anga, mawonekedwe - kuchokera kuzungulira mpaka ovunda. Mphepete mwa tsamba ndiwong'onong'onong'ono, wong'onongeka, akufanana ndi macheka omwe ali ndi mano abwino. Mitundu - yobiriwira, yosalala, yogwira. Maluwawo amakhala aakulu m'mimba mwake, ali ndi ellipsoid yamkati ndipo ali oyera mu mtundu.
Zipatso
Kukula kwa mwana wosabadwa poyerekeza ndi ena ambiri oimira mitunduyi - imeneyi. Kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi 100-120 g. Zipatso zimakhala zochepa, khungu limakhala losasangalatsa, limakhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi chigoba chofiira. Kujambula zithunzi kumadalira kukula kwake komanso nthawi yomwe mwanayo amagona mu mawonekedwe opasuka. Monga nthawi, nthawi yomwe zokolola zachitika, mtundu wa mapeyala ndi wobiriwira ndi ziboliboli zofiira zofiira, ndipo panthawi yoyenera kudya, amakhala ndi chikasu ndi pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Peyala - Mbale wokhala pafupi kwambiri, chifukwa limodzi ndi mapeto ake, komanso mitengo ya apulotho ya hawthorn, komanso mitengo yoposa 2000,000, ndi ya Rosaceae.
Mkati mwa mapeyalawo ndi oyera, ali ndi phokoso losangalatsa, lodziwika bwino losunkhira bwino lopangidwa ndi vanila, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, okoma ndi osakhwima mu kukoma. Mapangidwe a zamkatiwo ndi abwino kwambiri, amawathira mafuta kwambiri.
Chofunika kuyang'ana pamene mukugula mbande
Choyamba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti palibe chimene munthu angagule pa msika wokhazikika, popeza ogulitsa awo ali osawuka kwambiri kapena samatsatira kutsuka kwa mbewu zawo konse. Kuonjezera apo, m'misika imeneyi, nthawi zambiri mizu ya mitengo yaying'ono imakhala yokutidwa mu matumba apulasitiki, omwe amawawononga kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri pamoyo wawo wamtsogolo. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mbeu yabwino, mwayi wokhala chipululu udzakhala waukulu kwambiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mmerawo ukhale wamkulu ndikubzala m'dera la nyengo, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi malo omwe mukufuna kudzala mtengowo. Izi zidzathandiza kuti mizu ikhale yovuta komanso ikuthandizira kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino komanso chitukuko cha zomera zamtsogolo.
Ndikofunikira! Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ku mizu ya katundu. Iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu komanso maonekedwe abwino omwe angathandize kuti mizu ikhale yabwino komanso ikukula bwino.
Nthanga za peyala za zosiyanasiyanazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbande za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala, zomwe ziyenera kuti zikhale zotsutsana kwambiri ndi chilala. Sikoyenera kutenga peyala mbande zomwe zinkalumikizidwa pa cotonaster, hawthorn, irgu ndi quince, chifukwa alibe malo oyenera a kulekerera kwa chilala.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Malo abwino kwambiri obzalala mtundu uwu wa peyala adzakhala chiwembu chomwe chimawoneka ndi dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri yotheka patsiku, popeza peyala ndi chomera chokondetsa. M'pofunikanso kulingalira kukula kwa mtengo waukulu, ndikusiya kukula kwake ndi 4 × 4 mamita. Nthaka yabwino yoyenera kubzala mapeyala ndi nthaka yakuda yokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chodzala pakatikati pali mitundu yabwino monga: "Marble", "Duchess" ndi "Favorite Yakovlev".Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso madzi okwanira. Mizu ya mapeyala amenewa ndi yotetezeka kwambiri ku matenda osiyanasiyana a fungalomu, choncho dothi sayenera kusungunuka ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Dothi ladothi ndi dongo ndiloyenera kukula mapeyala kwambiri, chifukwa pamtunda wotere mbewuyo silingathe kukhazikitsa mizu yake, yomwe imapangitsa kuti chitukuko chisafike.
Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike
Poyamba, mtengowo uyenera kumasulidwa komanso umakhala ndi mchere wambiri. Choncho, m'pofunika kuyika chisakanizo m'dzenje loyenera kubzala, lomwe liri ndi ndowa ziwiri, mchere wa mchenga, 35 g wa zinthu zowonjezera potaziyamu, ndi 20 g ya superphosphate. Onetsetsani kuti mutulutse nthaka, yomwe mukufuna kudzaza mbewu yachinyamata, komanso kusamalira namsongole m'mudzimo. Ndi bwino kusamala kuti zonse zomwe zikuwonongeka zigawo ndi zotsalira za mitundu ina ya peyala zinachotsedwa panthaka, popeza zikhoza kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a zomera.
Ndikofunikira! Kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko yopanga mizu, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza sapling ndi chithandizo cha root stimulator, mwachitsanzo, Charkora.
Chotsatira ndi kukonzekera sapling. Pochita izi, amachotsa masamba onse ndikuchotsa nthambi ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimakhala zoonongeka. Pambuyo pake, nyemba ziyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi, kuika mizu yake mu madzi kwa maola atatu. Kenaka mungathe kupita kumalo okwera.
Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande
Mazira a ku Belarusiya omwe amachedwa mochedwa ali ndi zotsatirazi:
- Poyamba m'pofunika kukonza dzenje ndi mamita 1 mita ndi kuya pafupifupi masentimita 80. Zikakhala kuti mizu ya chomeracho imadzazidwa ndi nsalu ya nthaka, dzenje limakumbidwa molingana ndi kukula kwake.
- Kenaka, kambewu kakang'ono kamamizidwa m'dzenje mwa njira yotero, kotero kuti mizu yake imayikidwa bwino ndipo siigwedezeka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, khosi lazu liyenera kuyendetsa masentimita 6-8 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Gombe lokhala ndi mchere wodzaza ndidzaza ndi dothi lachonde, lomwe liri lopangidwa ngati likuwonjezeredwa.
- Peyala yachinyamatayo imathiridwa ndi madzi ambiri (pafupifupi 3-4 zidebe).
- Pambuyo pa kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, ndibwino kuti mulch awononge pafupi ndi chomera chomera mothandizidwa ndi humus, masamba osagwa kapena udzu.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Mapeyala ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri pokhudzana ndi mtengo. Mizati yapamwamba yomwe ikukololedwa bwino ndi: kudulira nthawi yake, feteleza panthawi, ndi kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo.
Kusamalira dothi
Pa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala, nkofunika kuyang'anitsitsa bwino malo a nthaka pansi pa thunthu: udzu mu nthawi yake komanso nthaka yosasunthika (5-7 cm). Pofuna kulimbana namsongole, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala a herbicides.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda asagwere pa zomera zomwe zimalima, chifukwa izi zingawawononge kwambiri. Choncho, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi iwo kumangokhala nyengo yabwino.
Patapita kanthawi, udzu wina ukhoza kubzalidwa pafupi ndi mtengo, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wina wa clover, red fescue kapena meadow bluegrass. Mitengo iyi, mutatha kutchetcha, idzakhala ngati gwero labwino la feteleza mchere kwa peyala yanu. Mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala imakhala yotsutsana kwambiri ndi zowuma, choncho, monga lamulo, safuna zina zowonjezera. Komabe, m'madera otentha kwambiri, mitengoyi imalimbikitsa kuthirira 2 pa tsiku, pamtunda wa madzi okwana 5-7 kwa mtengo wamkulu uliwonse.
Mphindi wa mtengo wa mtengo umachitika kokha m'zaka zoyambirira za kukula kwa mapeyala ang'onoang'ono, ndiye amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati zinthu zowuma kwambiri zimachitika, kuti zisawonongeke mwamsanga ndi kutuluka mofulumira kwa chinyezi m'nthaka. Kuphatikizira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito udzu, humus, udzu watsopano kapena masamba ogwa.
Kupaka pamwamba
M'chaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite 2 mizu yovala: imodzi panthawi ya maluwa ndipo wina mwamsanga. Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala ndi feteleza mchere. Yoyamba, yankho la nitrate limapangidwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1:50 ndipo kupitiriza kuthirira kumachitika pa mlingo wa 30 g wa nitrate pa lalikulu mamita a peyala kukula zosiyanasiyana. Mzu wachiwiri ukuvala ukhoza kukhala yankho la urea, pa mlingo wa 180-220 g wa chinthu pa ndowa.
Manyowa amchere ndi omwe amadyetsa mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba.Pafupifupi 5 malita a yankho ili likhale lokwanira feteleza mtengo umodzi. M'chaka, ndibwino kuti manyowa azigwiritsa ntchito njira ya foliar. Zingakhale zabwino ngati mankhwalawa ali ndi zinthu zolemera phosphorus ndi potaziyamu, mwachitsanzo, nitroammofosku, ammofosku kapena njira ya magnesium sulphate. Zochitika zikuchitika molingana ndi malangizo omwe amaperekedwa pa phukusi ndi mankhwala. Kugwa, chovala chimodzi chiyenera, makamaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa September, chomwe chingakhale ndi mankhwala ambiri.
Izi zikhoza kukhala zodzala namsongole, zofupitsa ndi kuchepetsedwa 1:10 zitosi za mbalame kapena madzi amchere. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni pa mlingo wa 1 chikho pa 1 lalikulu. m nthaka. Chofunika kwa zomera ndi zokongoletsera zokha zomwe zimapangidwa m'chaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Ntchito zachilimwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zofunikira za zomera zotere, zomwe zingadziwonetsere kusintha kwa maonekedwe a mtengo kapena ubwino wa mbewu.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Kuteteza kupopera mbewu kuti asunge mbewu kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda ziyenera kuchitidwa pakapita masabata awiri. Mungagwiritse ntchito pofuna kupeza njira zothetsera matenda osiyanasiyana a fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ali ndi malingaliro amodzi opangidwa ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zingathetsedwe pamapangidwe.
Ndikofunikira! Ntchito yomaliza ya mitengo iyenera kuchitika pasanathe mwezi wisanafike tsiku lokolola.
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kukonza kulikonse kwa zinthu izi kuyenera kuchitika mvula yamkuntho popanda mphepo konse. Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri komanso opangika bwino ndi monga Bordeaux madzi, 5% ya urea ndi 5% ya potassium permanganate.
Kudulira
Mitengo yaing'ono imayenera kudulira, yomwe yapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi korona wokongola. Pachifukwa ichi, kamera kakang'ono kamatsalira m'magulu asanu omwe ali bwino kwambiri ndipo thunthu limadulidwa ndi ¼. Akuluakulu amatha kukulitsa korona. Chithunzi cha mitengo yokhwima ikuchitika ndi kuyamba kwa masika komanso isanafike yoyamba yophukira chisanu. Cholinga chake ndicho kuchotsa mphukira zazing'ono ndi nthambi zakufa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapeyala, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti korona iyenera kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chokwera mofanana. Ngati nthambi zamkati za mitengo yoyandikana nazo zikugwirizana, ziyenera kufupikitsidwa.
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
"Peyala ya ku Belarus" ya peyala ya pear imakhala yabwino kwambiri kutentha kwa chisanu, komabe, ngati nyengo kumadera ako sakhala ndi chisanu, pamakhala chiopsezo cha mizu yomwe ili pamtunda. Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira, zimalimbikitsa kubisa nthaka kuzungulira thunthu ndi utuchi kapena humus. Mitengo ya mitengo yowonjezereka ingakulungidwe mu pepala. Kuti muteteze motsutsana ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yotsika mtengo ndi yodalirika - kumangiriza thunthu la mtengo ndi conifers.
Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito bango kapena kudula ma rasipiberi mphukira. Palinso mitundu yambiri yamagulu yomwe yapangidwa kuti imenyane ndi makoswe ndipo imakhala ndi mankhwala otchedwa creolin kapena mankhwala ena omwe amawopsyeza nyama. Tikukhulupirira kuti malemba awa akuthandizani kupeza mayankho a mafunso anu okhudza mapeyala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Belarusian. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane malangizowo onse kukuthandizani kukolola kwakukulu. Bwinja kwa inu ndi munda wanu!
