Nkhaka zikukula zimakhala ndi dothi komanso kutentha kwa mpweya, komanso kulamulira mvula. Izi zamasamba zimakonda kuwala kwambiri ndi kutentha, kotero kuthirira bwino nkhaka ndilo gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa chisamaliro. Izi ndizowona makamaka pakulima masamba mu greenhouses. Ambiri mwa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa cha zochitika za nyengo ya dziko lathu, amagwiritsira ntchito malo obiriwira a polycarbonate, chotero, kuti apeze zokolola zochuluka, nkofunikira kuphunzira malamulo ofunika ndi zodziwika za ulimi wa ulimi wa nkhaka.
Zotsatira za kukula kwa nkhaka
Poyamba nkhaka mbande ziyenera kupereka zofunikira za kuwala. Maola khumi ndi awiri patsiku akhoza kukula kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, mu zikhalidwe zotero, mlingo wa chitukuko cha nkhaka baka amachulukanso.
Kuthirira ndi mbali yofunikira yosamalira tomato ndi tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha, sitiroberi. Pa nthaka yoyenera amafunika anyezi, kabichi, kaloti, adyo ndi mphesa.
Monga masamba onse okonda kuwala, nkhaka safuna kukula pamene ili mdima. Kulephera kwa kuwala kungachititse kufooka kwa zomera, kufulumizitsa ukalamba wawo, kuchepetsa chitetezo cha matenda. Kukula kwa masamba kumadalira m'mene mumamwa madzi nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha mutabzala.
Chofunikanso chofunika ndicho kusungirako kutentha koyenera mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pafupifupi, iyenera kukhala + 22 ... +26 ° С. Pa kutentha m'munsimu +14.5 ° C komanso pamwamba +42 ° C, kukula kwa mbewu kudzaima. Ngati kutentha kumakhala pansi pa +12 ° C kwa nthawi yaitali, mizu siingakhoze kutulutsa chinyezi m'nthaka, ndipo nkhaka zimasiya kukula.
Ndikofunikira! Pewani kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Musasiye pakhomo mu wowonjezera kutentha kutsegulidwa panthawi yopuma mpweya.Kwa nkhaka, nthaka yosankhidwa bwino ndi yofunikira, chifukwa, pokhala ndi mizu yozama, zomera zimapereka nthawi yokolola. Choyamba, dothi lodzala nkhaka liyenera kukhala lokhazikika komanso lopaka madzi, komanso limakhala ndi chiwerengero chokwanira. Njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa mbande ya nkhaka imatengedwa kukhala sod, munda wa nthaka kapena humus.
Kodi mungamwetse nkhaka bwanji kuti asavutike?
Ngakhale kusamala kwamtengo wapatali kwa nkhaka pa kukula kwake sikungatsimikizire kuti pa kulawa kwa zokolola simungamve kukoma kowawa kwa masamba. Komabe, alimi odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa zinthu zowawa m'makango.
Nkhuka sizowopsya, koposa zonse, onetsetsani nthaka nthawiMusalole kuti kuyanika. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda okha, penyani kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa 23% + madigiri 24.
Nthaŵi zonse kuthirira nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha zopangidwa ndi polycarbonate ayenera kuwonjezeka makamaka nyengo yozizira. Malingana ndi momwe kutentha kumasinthira, chigamulo chikuperekedwa pa kufunikira kwa kutsirira.
Nkhaka ndi zovuta kwambiri nyengo kusintha. Ngati masiku osachepera anayi atakhala otentha, chiwerengero cha nkhaka zakuda m'munda chidzawonjezeka kwambiri. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kumayambitsanso kusokoneza kukoma kwa ndiwo zamasamba. Taganizirani kuti nkhaka zomwe zidabzalidwa padothi kapena mchenga zimakhala zowawa kuposa nthawi zonse. 
Mukudziwa? Cucurbitacin amapereka kulawa kowawa kwa nkhaka. Sizimapweteka thupi la munthu, komabe, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotupa zowonongeka komanso zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo za thupi zikhale bwino. M'mayiko ena, nkhaka imakula kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala.
N'chifukwa chiyani kutentha kumafunika?
Kuwunika kayendedwe kabwino ka kutentha kumapatsa nkhaka ndi zinthu zabwino kuti zipse mwamsanga. Taganizirani kuti ndi bwino kukula nkhaka mu mkangano greenhouses.
Masana, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa +20 ° C ndipo pafupifupi + 17 ... Chuma cha usiku usiku. Ulamuliro umenewu uyenera kukhalabe mpaka nthawi ya fruiting ikuyamba.
Komanso, ndiwo zamasamba zidzafunikira kutentha kwambiri, ndipo ngati nthawi imeneyo sichidzakhala yotentha kunja, muyenera kupitiriza kudziwotha. Ngati itayidwa kunja, zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kosiyana ndi +21 mpaka +23 ° С, komanso nyengo ya nyengo - + 24 ° + 28 ° С. Usiku, zomera zimatha kutenthedwa molimbika kwambiri, zitha kuthandizira + 18 ... + 20 ° С mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Malamulo oyambirira kuti azithirira mu wowonjezera kutentha
Pali njira zambiri komanso njira zowonongolera makama a nkhaka, omwe alimi aliyense amasankha yekha. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri ndicho kutsatira malamulo oyambirira, omwe tikuwaganizira pansipa.
Zofuna za madzi
- Madzi otentha ndi oyenera kuthirira - + 20 ... +25 ° C. Mukakwiya, musabweretse ku chithupsa.
- Sungani chiyero, mu zolembazo zisakhale zowononga mchere ndi fluorine.
- Madzi ovuta ayenera kuchepetsedwa mwa kuwonjezera pang'ono phulusa pamtengo wa 5 tsp. 10 malita a madzi. Kukhudzidwa kumakhudza kangati pa mlungu nkhaka zamadzi mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Nkhuka zokula zimaphatikizapo kudyetsa, kupukuta, kusinthanitsa, kuchotsa namsongole ndi galasi ku gridi trellis kapena trellis.
Kusamba madzi
Kwa kuthirira mungagwiritse ntchito payipi, madzi okwanira kapena ndowa. Nthawi zonse muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akugwa pansi pokha:
- Ngati chisankho chanu chinagwera pa payipi, yesetsani kusintha kwa madzi ofooka ndi ofatsa. Kuti muyambe kuyendetsa ndegeyi, gwiritsani ntchito mazira a mwapadera omwe amwazikana ndi kuchepetsa.
- Kuthirira ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kukonkha kwambiri kwa nkhaka pa masiku enieni a dzuwa pa chiwerengero cha 4-5 malita pa 1mm2. Njirayi ikukuthandizani kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa madzi otentha komanso kutentha bwino.
- Kuthirira kuchokera ku chidebe chachizolowezi kumathandizanso, koma kumatenga nthawi yambiri. Njirayi imakulolani kutsanulira madzi molondola kupyolera mu grooves, kusunga mizu ndi zimayambira za chomeracho.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa madzi kuchokera ku payipi kudzatsogolera kuphulika kwa nthaka. Zotsatira zake, zimachotsa mizu, kuwononga masamba, maluwa ndi zimayambira.
Kuthirira
Kwa nthawi zonse kukula nkhaka baka amafuna njira yosiyana kusamalira ndi kuthirira. Choncho, tiyeni tiwone momwe kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira kwa nkhaka kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi siteji ya chitukuko.
Titatha
Kuti mudziwe kangati nkhaka ayenera kuthiriridwa mu wowonjezera kutentha mutabzala, ganizirani kufunika kwa chomera kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi pa nthawi zosiyana. Kuti mbande ikhale mizu bwino pamalo atsopano, mutangoyamba kutuluka, iyenera kutsanulidwa mochuluka. Pambuyo pake, mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira iyenera kuchepetsedwa kamodzi masiku angapo, 3-5 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m) Njirayi iyenera kuwonetsedwa kufikira kuyamba kwa maluwa.
Pa maluwa
Kuthirira kumachitika masiku 3-4 (ngati kutentha, muyenera kumwa madzi tsiku lililonse). Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumapitirira madigiri 25, kuthirira nkhaka. Njirayi ikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku, motero kuchepetsa kutentha kwa masamba ndi maluwa, musawononge ovary.
Pa fruiting
Kawirikawiri nthawi ya chaka ndi mwezi wa kulima amadziwa kuchuluka kwa nkhaka zamadzi mu wowonjezera kutentha pa fruiting. Gome ili m'munsi likufotokoza ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko ya nkhaka yothirira nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
| Mwezi | Kusamba madzi | Ambiri a madzi, l |
| January-February | Nthawi 1 m'masiku 3-5 | 3-5 |
| March | Nthawi 1 mu masiku 3-4 | 3-8 |
| April-mwina | Nthawi 1 mu masiku 2-3 | 5-10 |
| June-July | Nthawi 1 mu masiku awiri kapena tsiku lililonse | 7-12 |
Kutentha ndi nyengo yamvula
Nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula imachepetsa kufunika kwa kuthirira nkhaka, panthawi imeneyi ndi bwino kufufuza mlingo wa dothi ndi mpweya. Pamodzi ndi kugwa kwa kutentha, dothi lokha limakhazikika ndi kubwezeretsanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi kudula mitengo.
Ngati itayidwa mumsewu, koma ndi ofunda, nkhaka ikhoza kuthiriridwa. m'mawa kapena madzulo. Kukula masamba kumtunda wowonjezera kutentha kumadalira nthawi yomwe mumadyetsa nkhaka. Madzi ochokera m'mabedi amatha kuyenda mumsewu, kotero kuti asapezeke ndi matope, kuwaphimba ndi filimu pamphepete mwawo.
Ambiri wamaluwa akudabwa ndi funso la momwe angasamalire bwino nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha mu kutentha. Nyengo yozizira ndi yovuta kukula kwa nkhaka. Kuti tipeze kutentha kwa kutentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito zolimbikitsa kapena zowonjezera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuwonjezera pa waukulu wothirira, m'pofunika kusamalira madzi baka, njira, masamulo ndi makoma a wowonjezera kutentha pa mlingo wa 1-1.5 l / sq. m
Ndikofunikira! Nkhaka sindikonda drafts! Mukhoza kutsegula chipinda ngati mpweya mkati ndi wotentha kuposa + 28 ... +30 °C, pamene sikofunika kutsegula zonsezi, kokwanira. Musalole kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chinyezi ndi kutentha magawo.Nthaŵi zonse ndi mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira ayenera pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kufika 6-15 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m, masiku 2-4 alionse. Onetsetsani kuti muganizire makhalidwe a nthaka ndi nyengo.
Kukula nkhaka ndi kuthirira ulimi wothirira
Kuwongolera kwadongosolo ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yothirira muzitsamba zamakono komanso zapanyumba, kumene zomera zoposa 50 zakula. Njira yodutsa imakhala ndi ubwino wambiri:
- nthawi yopulumutsa;
- njira;
- kutayika bwino kwa chinyezi pansi;
- Chisangalalo cha kukhazikitsa ndi mtengo wotsika;
- kukana nyengo;
- Nthaka sichitha,
- mizu sizimabala;
- ntchito yamagetsi;
- yoyenera malo akulu;
- gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, chomwe chili chofunika kuti ulimi wothirira wa nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi polycarbonate.
Kuti mizu ikule kumaloko, popanda malo ouma, akufunika kumanga njira yabwino yopezera madzi. Mu nyengo yotentha, iyenera kuyenderera mu nthaka kuzungulira rhizome ya nkhaka. Mphindi uwu ndi wofunikira kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino mu wowonjezera kutentha. Chifukwa cha madzi okwanirawa, munthu aliyense amalandira bwino kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe amafunikira.Mukudziwa? Amaluwa ambiri amawagwiritsira ndi nkhaka ndi yankho la mkaka (2 malita a mkaka pa 10 malita a madzi) kapena whey (1-2 malita a whey pa 10 malita a madzi). Zotsatira za njirayi ndikuti njira yowonjezera imayambitsa nkhaka zimayambira, masamba ndi maluwa ndi filimu ya mapuloteni, yomwe imathandiza kuti zomera zisalowe mkati mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Kuwongolera kwa nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kumapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda pang'onopang'ono kudzera mu mapaipi, kotero panthawiyi amatha kutentha. Kutentha kofunikira ndi mpweya wofunda kumapanga zinthu zofanana ndi nyengo yozizira. Choncho, mutha kutenga nkhaka chaka chonse.
Posankha njira yothirira nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kuyesa njira zosiyanasiyana. Machitidwe onse omwe alipo ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo: kuyamwa ulimi wothirira, kudontheza kudutsa mu dothi la nthaka ndi kukonkha. Mwa njira yoyesera ndi yolakwika, kuphatikiza njirazi, mutsimikiziridwa kupeza njira yabwino yothirira ulimi, zomwe zikutanthauza kukolola kochuluka kwa nkhaka zokoma.
