Kulima kotchuka ndi sayansi yonse. Kugula munda waukulu ndi kubzala mbewu pa izo sizikutanthauza kukolola bwino ndikupanga ndalama zambiri. M'madera ogulitsa mafakitale, tsatanetsatane ndi tsatanetsatane ndi zofunika, chifukwa zomera ndi mbewu zimafuna njira yapadera ndi chisamaliro, ndipo nthaka, yomwe imapatsa iwo zakudya zowonjezera ndi chitukuko, imayenera kukhala ndi umuna ndipo osachepera momwe miyambo yambiri ikugwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ngati ndinu wodzikuza mwini munda, ziribe kanthu kaya ndi zazikulu kapena zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi zonse mumabzala chinachake pazinthu, mfundo izi ndizo kwa inu. Nthaka ikusowa kupindulitsa nthawi zonse, chifukwa ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndipo imataya kubereka kwake. Pali njira zopangira feteleza nthaka, ndipo palinso zomera zomwe zingathe kuchotsa udzu pamwamba pa udzu ndikukonzekera mchere. Mitengo imeneyi ikuphatikizapo oats nthawi zonse. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane momwe oats angathandizire dothi, liti komanso momwe ziyenera kufesedwa - ngati kugwa kapena kasupe, ndi chochita ndi zomera zakula.
Nchifukwa chiyani akufesa zidutswa
Osowa amakula osati chakudya kapena kugulitsa. Izi ndi zomera zokhala ndi mankhwala apadera omwe angathe kubwezeretsanso nthaka ndi zomera zina ndikukonzekera nyengo yotsatira yokolola. Silikusonkhanitsidwa ndipo sichikololedwa. 
Zomera zoterozo akulima mu nthaka pasanakhale maluwa - pamene ali ndi mapesi obiriwira ambiri azitrogeni ndi zinthu zina zofunika.
Ndikofunikira! Mbewu ngati beets zimauma kwambiri nthaka panthawi yomwe ikukula, kotero pogwiritsa ntchito oat monga tizilombo tomwe tizilombo toyambitsa nyemba sizingagwire ntchito - zikhoza kumwa madzi ochulukirapo padzamwetsa kapena zouma zisanamasuke. Koma pamaso pa beet kufesa ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri. - Zimayambira udzuwu ndi yowutsa mudyo, umakhala wathanzi komanso umasunga chinyezi m'nthaka.
Zomwe zimayambira zimapindula mwamsanga, zomwe zimatchedwa zobiriwira, zomwe pambuyo polima zimasanduka kompositi, ndipo mizu yambiri imatulutsa pamwamba pa nthaka, kuteteza namsongole. Zitsamba zomwe zimatha kumera sizilandira kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa chifukwa cha chivundikiro chazitali ndipo kenako chimamwalira. Kuwonjezera apo, mizu yazing'ono bwino imalowa m'nthaka, kukonzanso kuyendayenda kwa chipale chofewa ndi madzi a mvula, mpweya, komanso kumateteza chomera chonchi kuti chisawonongeke m'madera olamulidwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu. 
Oats monga siderata: kodi mtengo ndi phindu ndi chiyani?
Kuwonjezera pa nyemba, nthawi zambiri zimakula monga rye, rye, balere ndi oats zimatchuka kwambiri. Oats ndi amodzi mwa mbewu zakale zambiri, anthu anabzala m'masika komanso m'nyengo yozizira ngati siderat, pamene rye ndi tirigu zinalibe.
Mtengo wa oats ndi uwu:
- Mapuloteni ambiri. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala zathanzi - zili ndi mapuloteni amtengo wapatali kwambiri kuposa nyemba ndi clover.
- Zomwe zimayambitsa mineral. Pali nitrojeni yochepa mu oats kuposa rye, koma pali potaziyamu wambiri ndi phosphorous mmenemo. Amalimbikitsa dothi ladothi lasavuta.
- Aeration. Udzu umenewu uli ndi mizu yolimba - imamasula nthaka yambiri ndi mizu yamphamvu ndipo, kuphatikizapo mavitamini opindulitsa, imatsimikizira kulemera kwa oxygen.
- Kulimbikitsa. Dothi losasunthika, dothi losasunthika, mizu imeneyi, imamangiriza, kotero kuti udzu ndi wabwino kwa mtundu uliwonse wa nthaka.
- Herbicidal katundu. Kukula, udzu uwu umapanga zobiriwira, zimayambira zili pafupi, choncho palibe namsongole pakati pa mbeuyi akhoza kuwonekera - amangowamira m'madzi.
- Kudzichepetsa. Nthaka udzu umenewu umakhala wosasunthika, umakula pamtunda, nthaka yakuda, nkhumba, dothi komanso dothi lachinyontho. Maloto agrarian!
- Kukonzekera Kuchokera pa zana, zokolola za mbeuyi zimapanga mlili wofanana ndi makilogalamu 100 a manyowa abwino kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Oats adatulutsidwa koyambirira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi mwa tirigu mu 1753, ngakhale kuti ankadziwika ndi alimi kwa zaka zoposa chikwi. Iwo amanena kuti izo ndi banja langa la Myatlikovy chifukwa cha maluwa okongola, omwe maluwa amawoneka ndi kubzala.
Zoipa za oats, mlimi aliyense amaganizira zake:
- Zing'onozing'ono zobiriwira. Mwinamwake kumapeto kwa mayiko ochepa omwe ali ndi oat sangakhale okwanira ngati siderata, koma kuti asunge malo omwe mbeu imasinthidwa ndikutsatiridwa bwino, chikhalidwe ichi n'choyenera.
- Nitrojeni yaying'ono muzolembedwa. Chifukwa chakuti palibe nayitrojeni kwambiri mu mbeuyi, iyenera kufesedwa kumene nyemba kapena clover ikukula kale, ndikulima miyambo iwiri pamodzi.
- Kufunika kutentha kotsika ndi ulimi wothirira. Oats ngati mthunzi, kuzizira ndi kutsirira kwambiri. Kwa madera otentha ndi nyengo yozizira, ndi yoyenera, ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhala yamdima.
Monga momwe mukuonera, ubwino wa chigawo ichi mochulukira kwambiri kuposa zovuta zake.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Pali zinsinsi zingapo, podziwa kuti mungathe kulima oats ndi mulu waukulu wobiriwira komanso mizu yolimba, popanda kuwononga nthaka. Bzalidwa nthawi zosiyana, udzu umapereka zakudya zosiyana, zomwe zokolola za chaka chotsatira zidzadalira.
Mbeu ya mpiru, buckwheat, phacelia, lupine imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati feteleza wobiriwira.
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe ziyenera kufesa kale?
Tiyeni tinene nthawi yomweyo - Nthanga sizingabzalidwe mbeu isanafike. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kukonza munda wa buckwheat, oats kapena tirigu, izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa inu. Sitikuperekerani kufesa oats kumalo komwe mbatata imakula mtsogolo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa "wireworm" limakhudza zonse zobiriwira zobiriwira mbewu ndi kubzala mbatata, ndipo kusowa kwa tirigukukuposa ubwino wake wonse. Pofuna kuteteza kukolola kwa mbewu zowonongeka, gwiritsani ntchito mbali ina kutsogolo kwa mbatata.
Ngati mbatata imakula pamunda chaka chatha, ndipo mukukonzekeretsa kuti sevosmenu, oats, m'malo mwake, idzakhala yothandiza - idzawononga zitsamba za nkhanambo za mbatata m'nthaka. Zomera zina zonse, udzu umenewu udzadyetsa nthaka bwino, choncho chomera chomera cha raspberries, currants, tsabola zokoma zosiyanasiyana, tomato, kabichi, ndi sitiroberi ndi zitsulo za sitiroberi mu nthaka yopindulitsa. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti nyengo yozizira imakula bwino, oats sayenera kulekerera chiwombankhanga chakuthwa ndipo amauma pa nthawiyo. Kuti mbewu zanu zisataye, pitani mbewuyi mu October kapena March, koma pasanafike nyengo yozizira.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungabzalitsire siderat
Ndi ozizira ozizira komanso osakonda chinyezi. Choncho, ndikofunika kufesa nthawi yozizira, yamvula, bwino kwambiri October. Mwamsanga pamene nthawi yokolola imachotsedwa m'minda, ndipo dothi silinayambe kugwedezeka ndi mvula yoyambilira, mbewu zimatulutsidwa m'nthaka. Frost, udzu uwu sungapange, chotero, ngati nyengo yozizira imakonzedwa kumayambiriro, ndi bwino kusamutsa kufesa m'chaka. Ngati pali masiku makumi atatu mphambu makumi anai osadutsa chisanu chisanakhale chisanu, udzu udzakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera mchere wobiriwira ndikukhala feteleza wabwino - perepret ndi peregnut pansi pa chisanu.
Kutentha kumadzulo kumadalira kwathunthu nyengo. M'madera ofunda, mbewu zimayambira mu February, pamene kusungunuka kwa madzi kumapezeka pansi pa chisanu. Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira komanso yayitali, oats amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumapeto kwa March, pamene chisanu chimatha. Kenaka patatsala mwezi umodzi usanayambe kuphuka, kulima nthaka ndi kubzala mbewu. N'zotheka kulemeretsa nthaka ndi malowa mpaka September, kuphatikizapo - kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa mbewu. Ndiye kupuma kwa mwezi kumatengedwa ndi kufesa kwa autumn kumachitika pansi pa chisanu. 
Musanabweretse mbewuzo m'nthaka, aziwathandiza kuti asatenge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Lembani nyembazo mu njira yothetsera mphindi makumi awiri ndikuzisamba pansi pa madzi. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito gauze - mbeu siziyenda pamodzi ndi madzi ndikutsuka bwino. Dziko lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa ndi kutsukidwa ku nsonga zakale - limasowa mpumulo ndi mpweya wochuluka. Bweretsani mbeu mwa dongosolo lachidziwitso, mochuluka, musati muike olamulira ndi mabedi.
Pa nthaka zana muyenera kutenga pafupifupi 2 kg ya mbewu oat. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kugawaniza mofanana kuti pasakhale malo amtundu wa mbeu. Ngati nthaka yowuma, ndi bwino kuti iipope ndi phula, koma nthawi zonse ndi sprayer kuti dziko lisakhale lolimba ndi kugwedezeka.
Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero cha oat ali ndi maina makumi awiri ndi awiri. Mwa awa, atatu okha - mbewu zothandiza komanso zakula. Otsalala khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi amawerengedwa ngati namsongole. Mayina awo - zopanda pake, zosabereka, zopanda kanthu ndi zokondedwa za mtundu wamsongole - oats a bearded.
Momwe mungasamalire mbewu
Udzu uwu umafuna madzi okwanira ambiri. Ngati sichiperekedwa ndi nyengo, uyenera kuwonjezera chinyezi. Pakadutsa masiku atatu, yang'anirani momwe mbeu zimakhalira - kaya zikumera, zimakhala bwino, kapena zimakhazikika mu nyengo yofunda. Ngati mapesi a oats sakufuna kukula, mwambo wakale wayamba kuwononga dzikoli ngakhale mozungulira. Pankhaniyi, onjezani feteleza feteleza - udzu umenewu umagwirizana ndi nitre ndi superphosphate. Kawirikawiri, oat ndi mbewu yosadzichepetsa ndipo samasowa china chilichonse koma chinyezi chokwanira. 
Nthawi yoyenera kutchetcha oats
Kuchokera nthawi yofesa kutchetcha, masiku makumi atatu kapena makumi anayi azidutsa - azitsogoleredwa ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso whisk wa maluwa. Ngati mungu umayamba kuwonekera, Ndi nthawi yokhala mapesi. Pamene yophukira ikukufesani inu mumangogwa mu masiku otsiriza chisanafike chisanu. Ngati mutabzala udzuwu kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndiye kuti mudule zimayambira musanayambe dzuwa lotentha.
Ndikofunikira! Oats amamasula loam ndi dongo, amatsuka nthaka kuchokera ku mabakiteriya a putrefactive ndikuchotsa chinyezi chochulukira panthaka. Nthawi yomweyo pa oatmeal maziko, mukhoza kubzala nkhaka - Zotuta zidzawonjezeka kwambiri.
Mukamera masika, pulawo amadya m'nthaka pasanathe milungu iwiri musanabzala mbewu, mwinamwake sipadzakhalanso nthawi yochulukirapo. Ngati mutchetcha oats mu November, ndiye musaike pansi, chitani posakhalitsa pamaso pa kufesa kwa April. Mavitamini oblique salola kuti nthaka iwonongeke kwambiri, choncho m'chaka tidzakhala okonzeka kufesa ndi kubzala mmbuyomo kusiyana ndi omwe sanaphimbidwe. Ngati zobiriwira zimakhala zambiri, musati muzitseke m'nthaka zonse, mwinamwake zidzasintha. Tengani gawo ku kompositi kapena perekani chakudya cha silage kuti zikhale zinyama. 
Ulimi ndiwo makampani oyamikira kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti tigwire ntchito mwakhama ndikuyandikira kulima malo molondola - ndipo zotsatira zowoneka bwino. Mu bizinesi yofesa sangathe kuthamanga. Ikani mbeu ya oat mu dziko lokonzekera, lomasulidwa, pamene nyengo yawo yamvula imabwera, yang'anani kukula kwa zimayambira, iwongoleni pamene mphukira ili yosakwana masentimita khumi ndi asanu, ndipo musalole kuti madzi adzike pa tsamba.
Musanayambe kuweta oats mu nthaka, onetsetsani kuti mukuphwanya kuti humus ipangidwe milungu iwiri isanakwane yobzala mbewu. Podziwa malamulo osavutawa ndikuwatsatira, mukubwezeretsa kubzala kwanu ndikukonzekera nyengo yowonjezera bwino.
