Maapulo - imodzi mwa mitundu yowonjezera komanso yotsika mtengo ya zipatso pamasamu a malo ogulitsa ndi misika. Zili zosiyana kwambiri ndi kukoma ndi kukula kwake, ndipo mbale zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kwazo ndizoyenera kuti azikhala ndi cookbook yosiyana. Ndiponsotu, zipatso zokoma ndi zokometsetsa sizingadyidwe kokha zokha, komanso zimakonza mitundu yonse ya jams, pies, kuphika mu uvuni, youma ndi zina zambiri. Imodzi mwa maphikidwe apachiyambi pakukonzekera kwa chipatso ichi ndi maapulo ophika - Mbale yosangalatsa, zomwe timaganizira m'nkhaniyi.
Mankhwala a maapulo
Mapangidwe a maapulo okonzedwa motere angakhale osiyana kwambiri. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri, monga:
- Chipatso chosiyana ndi kukula kwake.
- Kukula ndi kusungirako.
- Nthawi yosungirako.
- Njira yophika
Koma onse ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za mbale iyi:- Zakudya za shuga (poyamba, fructose);
- mankhwala acids (malic, citric);
- zamatsenga, zitsamba zopanda madzi;
- Ma vitamini osiyanasiyana: A, C, E, PP, P ndi B mavitamini.
Ngakhale kuti ndi olemera kwambiri, ma caloric amakhala ndi 47 kcal pa 100 g ya mankhwala. Izi zimapangitsa iwo kupanga gawo la zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Maapulo ophika adakondedwa kwambiri m'nthawi ya Peter Wamkulu, amene adakhazikitsa Garden Office. Ankachita zogwirizana ndi mitundu yatsopano ya maapulo komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa zomwe zilipo.
Zothandiza
Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuti zisungidwe nthawi yaitali, ndipo zimachotsa zina zomwe zimapindulitsa. Koma maapulo okwaniridwa amachitidwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zokolola chipatso ichi, chifukwa panthawiyi amakhalabe ndi makhalidwe abwino a zipatso zatsopano ndikupeza katundu watsopano wofanana:
- kuonetsetsa kuti m'mimba muli microflora, kukhutiritsa thupi ndi mabakiteriya a lactic acid;
- kulemetsa thupi ndi calcium, kuchepetsa kufooka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- kusintha mkhalidwe wa tsitsi ndi mano;
- kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa minofu ya elasticity;
- zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya mahomoni;
- Kukhalapo kwa ascorbic asidi (yomwe ili mu maapulo ake owotcha kusiyana ndi atsopano) kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Tinganene kuti kukonzekera kwa nyengo yozizira kumakhudza machitidwe ambiri a thupi la munthu, kumapereka mphamvu yowonjezera komanso kukhutiritsa thupi ndi mphamvu.Kutalika kwa kayendedwe kake
Ndondomeko yoyendayenda idzafuna kuleza mtima, chifukwa, pafupipafupi, zimatengera masiku 40-50 kukwaniritsa (osati kuwerengera ntchito yokonzekera). Koma ndi malamulo onse, chithandizo choterechi chikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, kufikira nthawi yokolola.
Ndi maapulo ati omwe mungasankhe pakuwukha
Pamsika ndi m'masitolo zimayimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso izi. Koma si onse omwe ali oyenera kuyendayenda. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ndiyo mitundu yochedwa (yophukira kapena yophukira-yozizira). Zipatso ziyenera kukhala zokoma komanso zolimba. Ziphuphu zina zimakonda kuchepa pang'ono, koma izi ndi nkhani ya kukoma. Gulu labwino kwambiri limaganiziridwa Antonovka.
Koma mitundu inanso idzachita:
- "Pepin";
- "Anis";
- "Slav";
- Titovka;
- "Botolo";
- kukwera koyera;
- "Paping".
Ndikofunikira! Kulibe vuto lililonse pa chipatso ndikofunikira, chifukwa apulo limodzi lotha kupweteka lingathe kuwononga ena onse.
Ndi bwino kusankha zipatso zofanana kukula, kotero adzakhala okonzeka nthawi imodzi.
Njira yokonzekera maapulo ndi masamba
Gawo lokonzekera ndi lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chotsatira chomaliza chimadalira pa siteji iyi.
Musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito chipatsocho, ndibwino kuti mupume masiku 15-20 (makamaka ngati mitundu ndi yolimba, mwachitsanzo, Antonovka kapena Slav). Chogwiritsidwa ntchito, chokonzekera kuchokera ku zipatso zabwino, chomwe chimapangidwa mofanana, chimaphatikizidwa mu brine, yowutsa mudyo, yofewa, ili ndi kukoma kokometsera kokongola ndi golide. Zipatso zitakula, ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi.
Simukusowa kuthana ndi zimayambira, ndipo ndi bwino kuyeretsa masamba. Masamba, nthambi, udzu ndi zonse zomwe zingatheke ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala zowonongeka ndi kuchapa. 
Kusamba zitini za soda
Pamene mukukwera muzitini ndibwino kukumbukira kuti zitsulo ziyenera kutsukidwa kale. Ndikofunika kusamba soda. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala enaake otsekemera ndi osayenera. Pakatha mtsuko ndikuyeretsedwa bwino komanso palibe soda yomwe imasiyidwa, iyenera kuyiritsidwa kapena yophika ndi madzi otentha.
Kusungirako zinthu
Gawo loyamba la yosungirako (mwamsanga mutangokonzekera) limatenga pafupifupi sabata imodzi. Panthawiyi chipatso chosweka chiyenera kusungidwa kutentha.
Pambuyo kukolola, m'pofunika kusamukira pamalo ozizira (makamaka pansi kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba), komwe ayenera kuyima masiku 30-45 (malingana ndi mtundu wa zipatso). Mu chipinda chomwecho, ndipo ziyenera kusungidwa nyengo yonse yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Zimalangizidwa kuti musamapule maapulo opundula. Ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti sasiya makhalidwe awo abwino, koma mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo amakula kwambiri pamene mazira.
Njira yosavuta yopangira maapulo opota Antonovka m'mabanki
Njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta, chifukwa aliyense wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi mabanki mu arsenal, ndipo mankhwala omalizidwa ndi abwino kusungirako, chifukwa mbale zotere sizikutenga malo ambiri m'nyumba.
Zosakaniza
- Antulovka maapulo - 10 makilogalamu.
- Madzi - 5 malita.
- Mchere - 2 tbsp. makapu.
- Shuga - Art. makapu.
- Masamba a rasipiberi, currant ndi chitumbuwa.
Njira yophika
Kuti mupeze chithandizo chokoma, muyenera kuchita zinthu zingapo zosavuta:
- Muzimutsuka bwino chipatsocho ndi madzi kapena m'makina osiyanasiyana.
- Zipatso zoyera ziduladutswa: zikuluzikulu - 6-8 mbali, ndipo zing'onozing'ono zingakhale mbali zinayi. Ngati mumasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zonse.
- Pre-okonzeka galasi mitsuko kuphimba ndi masamba a rasipiberi, currant ndi chitumbuwa (kale bwinobwino kutsukidwa).
- Ikani zamkatizo (kapena zipatso zonse) mu mitsuko popanda kuzungulira.
- Onetsetsani mchere ndi shuga kwa madzi, kuvala pamoto ndikubweretsa ku chithupsa. Mutachotsa kutentha ndi kuika pambali.
- Thirani zomwe zili mu zitini ndi pickle yotentha kuti ifike pamutu.
- Phizani zitsulozo ndi capron kapu ndikuziyika kuzizira, komwe ziphika kwa milungu 2-3. N'zotheka kusunga, komanso kukonzekera kwina, nyengo yonse yozizira.
Onetsetsani maphikidwe abwino kwambiri okolola maapulo m'nyengo yozizira.
Oviika maapulo kwa dzinja ndi rye ufa
Njira ina yosavuta komanso yosavuta ya maapulo osasangalatsa.
Zosakaniza
- Maapulo - 1.5 makilogalamu.
- Madzi - 2 malita.
- Rye ufa - 2 tbsp. makapu.
- Mchere - 1 tbsp. supuni.
- Shuga - 4 tbsp. makapu.
- Masamba ndi timadzi ta currant.
Njira yophika
Kukonzekera kumachitika muzigawo zingapo:
- Zipatso zabwino zatsukidwa ziyenera kupukutidwa.
- Mu chisanadze okonzeka galasi mitsuko, pindani theka la masamba a timbewu tonunkhira ndi currants (mungathe kuwonjezera zina zomwe mumakonda zitsamba). Masamba osiyanasiyana amakhalanso ofunika pambuyo pochapa kuti aume ndi thaulo.
- Molimbika, koma mopanda kufinya, ikani chipatso mu mtsuko.
- Phimbani ndi masamba otsala.
- Sakanizani mchere, shuga ndi ufa wa rye mumadzi. Muziganiza mpaka chirichonse chitasungunuka.
- Thirani mitsuko pamwamba (mafuta otsalawo amasungidwa mu firiji).
- Sungani zitsulo malo otentha kwa masiku 3-7.
- Pamene chipatso chatenga madzi ena, onjezerani brine.
- Pitani ku malo ozizira omwe maapulo masiku 30-45 adzafika pokonzekera.
Kuphika maapulo ophika mu chidebe
Njira iyi idzakuthandizani kupanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha zovuta popanda vuto lalikulu, popanda kukhala ndi mbale yapadera, ngati mbiya.
Zosakaniza
- Maapulo - Chidebe 1.
- Madzi - chidebe 1.
- Mchere - 9 tbsp. makapu.
- Shuga - 9 tbsp. makapu.
- Masamba a rasipiberi ndi currant.
Mukudziwa? Mphungu zazikulu monga French zimakonda zakudya za dziko la Russian Russian - gulu la Farms Farms limagula zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowonongeka kwa iwo, kuphatikizapo maapulo opanda fumbi.
Njira yophika
Kuphika sayansi ndi yophweka:
- Sambani zipatso ndi masamba ndikuwuma pa thaulo.
- Ikani pansi pa chidebe (musanayambe kutsukidwa ndi kunyezimira ndi madzi otentha) ndi masamba a rasipiberi ndi currant.
- Dulani chipatso molimba (danga pakati pa zipatso likhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi masamba kapena zitsamba zomwe mumazikonda).
- Bweretsani madzi kwa chithupsa ndikutsuka mchere ndi shuga mmenemo.
- Lembani chidebecho ndi brine - chiyenera kubisa zonsezo.
- Phimbani chidebe ndi gauze kapena thaulo ndi sitolo pamalo ozizira. Kumeneko ziyenera kukhala masabata 2-3.
- Thupi likapatsidwa mchere (nthawi ndi nthawi zimakhala zofunikira kupeza ndi kuyesera), chipatsocho chikhoza kufalikira pa mitsuko yowiritsa mchere, kuthira mu brine, ndikuphimbidwa ndi zivindikiro, kuziyika kuti zisungidwe mu firiji. Kapena kusiya chirichonse chomwe chili mu chidebe pamalo ozizira ndi amdima.
Kuphika maapulo osungunula mu mbiya
Chinsinsichi chikuwoneka ngati chachikale komanso chachikhalidwe. Zopangira zake ndi tepiya yophika amayesedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya azimayi. Ndimapangidwe ka matabwa omwe amapanga kukoma kodabwitsa komwe kuli kovuta kubwereza mu chidebe china.
Zosakaniza
- Maapulo - 10 makilogalamu.
- Madzi - malita 10.
- Shuga - 400 g;
- Mchere - 3 tbsp. makapu.
- Mpiru wa mpiru - 1 tbsp. supuni.
- Udzu wa tirigu kapena rye.
- Mbewu masamba, currants, raspberries.
- Mafuta okoma (Mwachitsanzo, sinamoni, tsabola, basil).
Phunzirani zambiri za kukolola m'nyengo yozizira: mapeyala, dogwoods, apricots, yoshta, gooseberries, viburnum, blueberries, cherries, phiri ash ndi sea buckthorn.
Njira yophika
Kuti mupeze kukonzekera kokoma kwa dzinja muyenera:
- Sambani zipatso, masamba ndi udzu (kuonjezeretsani udzu ndi madzi otentha), ndiye muyanikeni.
- Ikani udzu ndi masamba pansi pa zakonzedwa bwino (kutsuka ndi soda yankho ndi scald, fufuzani kukhalapo kwa chips ndi ming'alu).
- Kugwiritsa ntchito maapulo ayenera kukhala cuttings, aliyense wosanjikiza akuyika udzu ndi masamba. Komanso udzu umayenera kuyika malo pakati pa zipatso ndi makoma a mbiya.
- Sungani mosamala chingwe chotsalira ndi masamba otsala ndi masamba.
- Sakanizani shuga, mchere, mpiru wouma, zonunkhira ndi madzi. Bweretsani ku chithupsa ndi kuzizira.
- Thirani brine pamwamba pa mbiya kuti zipatso zonse ziphimbidwe ndi zapamwamba kwambiri. Mafuta otsalawa amasungidwa (zidzasowa patapita nthawi).
- Kukhoza kutseka kapena kupitilira pamwamba ndikuchoka pamalo otentha kwa masiku 3-5. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kuwonjezera nthawi zonse msuzi, monga maapulo adzakoka madzi ambiri.
- Oyera m'malo ozizira ndi amdima kumene chipatso chidzafike masiku ena 30-40. Panthawiyi m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa ngati nkhungu yaonekera pamwamba. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndi kupitiriza kuyang'anitsitsa.
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira zakudya zanu m'nyengo yozizira. Maapulo oviikidwa - izi ndi zowonjezera kuwonjezera pa tebulo lanu m'nyengo yozizira, pamene zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala zovuta komanso zodula. Kanthawi pang'ono ndi khama, ndipo zotsatira zidzakondweretsa inu ndi okondedwa anu.
