Makolo athu amathera nthawi yochuluka ndi khama kuti azindikire zopindulitsa katundu wa zomera zosiyanasiyana ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Nkhani zomwe zoyesayesazo zinali zoyenera kwambiri, kuphatikizapo fern - chomera si zokongola zokha, koma ndithudi chili chofunikira pa moyo waumunthu. Taganizirani za nkhaniyi, zothandiza, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikukonzekera mapulaneti oimira awa.
Kufotokozera
Shchitovnik ndi mtundu wa ferns, umene uli ndi mitundu yoposa 150. Dzina lachi Greek la mtundu uwu - Dryopteris - amatanthauzira kwenikweni kuti "fern ya nkhalango zamtengo wapatali." 
Izi ndi zomera zotsalira zosakanikirana. Ambiri amapezeka m'madera otentha a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, ngakhale kuti amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi - kuchokera m'madera ozizira a Eurasia mpaka kumadera otentha a Africa, Asia ndi South America.
Mitengoyi imaphatikizapo Asplenium, Pteris, Platicerium, Polypodium, Polynomial, Adiantum, Damalia, Pelleya, Nephrolepis.Mbeu imakula pamapiri ndi miyala yotsetsereka ndipo imakhala yopanda ulemu komanso yopanda chisanu.
Kuwonekera kwa zomera:
- khalani ndi rhizome yochepa ndi yolimba, yokhala ndi zida kapena zikuluzikulu. Rhizome palokha imachokera pansi;
- masamba owuma, wobiriwira wobiriwira. Pali mitundu iwiri: laneolate ya pinnate kapena katatu katatu. Kawirikawiri masamba amasonkhanitsidwa mabokosi a mawonekedwe olondola (kumanga kapena kupanga mapepala);
- pamunsi mwa timapepala timeneti, mzere kapena mwachisawawa anakonza sporangia (ozungulira kapena ovalo).
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zilembo za Slavic, fern limathamanga kwa kanthawi usiku watatsala pang'ono kukondwerera holide ya Ivan Kupala. Aliyense amene angapeze maluwa adzadziwa zinsinsi za dziko ndikupeza chuma chake.
Mitundu
Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya fern, ena mwa iwo ndi otchuka kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kwambiri:
- Mwamuna: lamba la nkhalango la Eurasia ndilo malo ake akuluakulu. Amakula m'nkhalango zamtunda, pamtunda, amakonda nthaka yamtendere komanso yolemera. Amamva bwino mumthunzi. Masamba ndi obiriwira, oblong ndipo ali ndi fungo lapadera. Mtundu uwu uli ndi mitundu yambiri ya chikhalidwe, yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga malo.
- Zosangalatsa: Mizinda - Siberia, China ndi North America. Iyo imakula pa miyala ndi kuwomba. Chinthu chapadera ndi kupezeka kwa masamba obisala. Masambawo ndi obiriwira ndipo ali ndi fungo losangalatsa. Kutalika kwa zomera kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30.
- Sakanizani: Kugawa kwakukulu kumadera ndi Europe ndi Siberia. Amamera m'nkhalango zam'mapiri ndi mitsinje yamchere, nthawi zambiri pakati pa zitsamba zina. Ichi ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chiri ndi chisa chobiriwira chobiriwira chimakhala chachitali masentimita 60.
- Munda: wamba m'madera okhala ndi dothi la acidic (madampu ndi minda yonyowa), komanso m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango zamvula. Mitundu imeneyi imafunikira chinyezi ndipo sichimalola kuchepa kwa madzi. Lili ndi mizu yambiri, masamba otalika komanso akuluakulu a nthenga, omwe ali ndi zovuta zambiri.
- Nthano: amafalitsidwa ku Caucasus, mbali ya Ulaya ya Russia, kumadzulo kwa Siberia ndi madera ena a kumpoto kwa America. Amakula mu nkhalango zam'madzi komanso zamchere. Ili ndi rhizome yodabwitsa ya oblique ya mtundu wowawa. Kusiyanitsa kwapadera kwapadera ndi mbale yopanda kanthu ya pepala ili pansipa. Ifika pamtunda wa 80 cm.
Mankhwala amapangidwa
Fern sagwiritsidwanso ntchito kokha kapangidwe kake, komanso kuphika ndi mankhwala. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti chomeracho chili ndi kukoma kwapachiyambi (mofanana ndi katsitsumzukwa) ndi maonekedwe olemera.
Mtengo wa zakudya (pa 100 g ya mankhwala):
- mapuloteni 4,6 g;
- mafuta - 0,4 g;
- Zakudya - 5.5 g;
- madzi - 88.68 g
Ma caloriki ndi 34 kcal pa 100 g ya zomera zatsopano.
Tsatirani zinthu:
- nickel;
- potaziyamu;
- calcium;
- iodini;
- manganese;
- phosphorus;
- sodium;
- magnesiamu;
- mkuwa;
- sulufule.
Zigawo zothandizira:
- chosowa;
- tannins;
- mafuta ofunika ndi mafuta;
- mavitamini osiyanasiyana (nicotinic, glutamic, cyanide ndi ena);
- chithandizo;
- zinthu zowonjezera;
- carotene;
- riboflavin;
- mapuloteni (glycoside, thiaminase ndi ena).
Zothandiza
Fern imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi mankhwala, popeza ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. 
Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, omwe ali olemera m'magulu osiyanasiyana, mankhwalawa ali ndi maluso otsatirawa:
- kulimbikitsa ndikupanga mafupa abwino;
- kumalimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje;
- choyimira;
- ali ndi mankhwala othandizira, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, antibacterial ndi antispasmodic;
- amatsuka thupi la poizoni;
- kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- Amathetsa mavuto ambiri a khungu (kadamsana, misampha, zilonda zosachiritsika);
- zothandiza kumutu kwa mutu;
Phunzirani mmene mungachiritse mutu ndi msondodzi, echinacea, viburnum, clover, clary sage, mandimu mandimu, cyanosis buluu.
- ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira kudzimbidwa;
- kumathandiza kupweteka kwa mphuno;
- nkhondo zowonongeka.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti fern ali ndi makhalidwe ambiri owopsa omwe amakhudza thanzi la munthu. Kuti musadzipangitse nokha kuvulaza kuposa zabwino, musagwiritsire ntchito chomera ichi musanakambirane ndi dokotala. 
Ntchito
Masamba awiri ndi rhizomes amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amapanga timadzi tokoma, timadzi timadzi tokoma, ufa wouma ndi zowonjezera. Pa matenda aliwonse amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera.
Zingwezi za Fern Leaf:
- Msuzi - 1 tbsp. l Masamba owuma a chomera amathira madzi ndi kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 15. Zosangalatsa ndi zovuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi majeremusi.
- Ndi khansa ya m'magazi 1 tsp. Masamba owuma a chomera tsiku ndi tsiku amawonjezera chakudya (saladi, mbale zazikulu). Maphunziro obwezeretsa - mwezi umodzi.
- Kuonetsetsa kuti kugona ndikulitsa ubwino wake, masamba owuma a chomera amaikidwa mu matiresi.
- Kuchokera ku mphukira zachitsamba za chomera iwo amakonza mbale zambiri (saladi, zakudya zopsereza zosiyanasiyana), zomwe zimakhala zowononga, zowononga komanso zobwezera.
Kukonzekera kwa rhizomes za chomerachi ndi amphamvu antihelminthic ndi kuyeretsa katundu.
Zizindikiro za anti-helminthic ndi udzu wa sedge, rokambol.Decoction ndi yovuta kwa matenda a m'maganizo ndi amanjenje, kutsekula m'mimba ndi matenda a m'mimba.
Kugwiritsira ntchito masewera kumathandiza kuchepetsa ululu, kupweteka komanso kuchepetsa matenda omwe amabwera monga matenda a rheumatism, nyamakazi ndi neuralgia.Zothandizira za rhizomes za fern:
- Msuzi - 10 magalamu a nthaka youma rhizomes ya chomera kutsanulira madzi ndi kuphika pa moto wochepa. Pamene madziwa amachepetsedwa kawiri, m'pofunika kuchotsa msuzi kutentha ndi kuzizira. Pambuyo kukhetsa, tsanulirani mu beseni yosungiramo ndikuyiika mufiriji. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Msuzi kunja kwa ntchito - 200 magalamu a nthaka youma rhizomes ya chomera kutsanulira 2 malita a madzi. Ikani kutentha pang'ono kwa maola awiri ndi chivindikiro chatsekedwa. Pambuyo pozizira ndi kupsyinjika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azisamba ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
- Tincture - tengani 1 gawo la youma wathyoledwa rhizomes wa chomera ndi magawo 4 a 70% mowa. Pemphani masiku 14, nthawi zina kugwedezeka, mutatha kufuta. Zimagwiritsidwa kunja (kuzungulira m'malo opweteka).
- Ngati muli ndi mitsempha ya varicose, m'pofunika kusakaniza rhizome yowuma, yomwe imakhala ndi mkaka wowawasa, musanayambe gruel. Izi zikutanthauza kuyika pazovuta, kukulunga ndi phazi ndikugwiritsira ntchito maola 5-6.
Pamene mitsempha ya varicose imagwiritsidwa ntchito tarragon, hazel, iglitsa, rute wonyeketsa, ivy-monga budru, irgu, karoti, wamkulu.
Mukudziwa? Mbalameyi inkaonekera padziko lapansi zaka 350 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo ndi zomera zowonongeka, chifukwa zasungidwa kuyambira nthawi ya dinosaurs.
Kuvulaza ndi kutsutsana
Ngakhale kuti chomeracho chili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, zimakhalanso zotsutsana. Fern ali ndi zinthu zoopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yake isatheke kwa magulu ena a anthu.
Zinthu zoopsa zimakhalanso ndi zakudya za ku Ulaya, dieffenbachia, cyclamen, cassia, goldenrod.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chomerachi sikuletsedwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso omwe akulera. Ana angagwiritse ntchito kokha kuyambira zaka ziwiri.
Inunso simungagwiritse ntchito fern kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa:
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- magazi;
- malungo;
- mavuto ndi ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso;
- zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zamphongo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale simunali m'magulu onse omwe tawafotokozera pamwambapa, musanagwiritse ntchito fern (kapena kukonzekera), mukufunikanso kukaonana ndi dokotala wodziwa zambiri.
Zizindikiro zowonjezereka, zomwe zimafunikira kuthetsa mimba mwamsanga (kutenga saline laxative) ndikuitana dokotala:
- kunyoza ndi kusanza;
- chisokonezo;
- Mutu waukulu, wamimba;
- kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kupuma kovuta;
- kuchepa mu ntchito yamakono.
Kugula
Msonkhano wa Fern ukuyamba ndi kufika kwa May. Komano palibe mphukira zazing'ono kwambiri (zowonongeka), ndi kusonkhanitsa izo kwa nthawi yaitali. Pakati pa mwezi wa May pali ambiri mwa iwo, ndipo msonkhano waukulu ukuyamba. 
Mbeu imakula mofulumira, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimatha nthawi zambiri, choncho nkofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi yoyenera.
Petioles amadulidwa ndi kutalika kwa 20-30 masentimita pa zomera mpaka masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Nthaŵi zoterezi, zinthu zoopsa sizinayikidwe mwa iwo, ndipo ntchito yawo ndi yotetezeka.
Kawirikawiri kuchuluka kwa mlingo wa fern ndi 6-8 masentimita pa tsiku (zimadalira ngati zimamera dzuwa kapena mumthunzi), choncho chomera cha masiku 5-6 chimakula pafupifupi masentimita 30. Ndi kukula komwe ndiko chizindikiro cha chitetezo cha fern.
Koma mphukira zazing'ono siziyeneranso kusonkhanitsa. Amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zam'mimba zimakhala zomera zaka 3-5.
Mphukira yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa imamangiriridwa m'mitolo mowirikiza 5-7 masentimita ndipo imangirizidwa ndi mphira wa mphira, ndipo mapeto omwe sagwirizane nawo amawombera ndi mpeni kapena lumo. 
Ndikofunikira! Fern amadya kwambiri ndipo amapeza zinthu zoopsa, kotero simungakhoze kusonkhanitsa chomeracho m'malo owonongeka (pafupi ndi misewu, malo ogulitsa mafakitale ndi zowonongeka).
Pali mitundu yambiri ya malonda a zomera. Chimodzi mwa zofala kwambiri ndi kuyanika.
Kuchita izi kunyumba sikovuta:
- Zipatso ziyenera kuikidwa mu mphika wa madzi otentha mchere ndi kuphika mphindi 1-3 mutatha kutentha. Nthawi yonse yothandizira kutentha sayenera kupitirira mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu. Pambuyo pake, pindani zofiira pa sieve ndi zouma.
- Kufalikira pa pepala lakuda, nsalu kapena mafinya abwino. Sizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta. Ikhoza kuumitsanso mu uvuni kutentha mpaka 50 ° C, koma njira yowuma zachilengedwe ndi yabwino.
- Ikani malo ozizira komanso ozizira mpweya wabwino (malo odyera bwino ndi abwino). Pansi pa zinthu zabwino, mtedza umauma kwathunthu masiku 3-5.
- Yang'anani mbande kangapo patsiku ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, yang'anani.
- Chomera chouma chimapangidwa mu thumba lambala lamtengo wapatali ndipo limapachika kuchokera padenga kuti likhazikitse mlingo wa chinyezi kwa masiku angapo.
- Tumizani ku chidebe kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako.
Fries wouma bwino akhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka zingapo popanda kutaya makhalidwe abwino. Koma chinthu chofunika ndizo zomwe mbeu youma idzakhala.Zipinda zam'madzi zimakhala zowonongeka, sizikuwopa kusungidwa mu nsalu kapena mapepala, koma pamakhala chinyezi chofunika kwambiri kuyika zidazo mu galasi kapena zitsulo zitsulo.
Ngati chinyezi chiri mchipinda chapamwamba kuposa 72%, ndiye fern iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala chidebe chosungunuka. Onetsetsani kuti mndandanda wa zizindikiro zanu zimakhala bwanji nthawi zonse, ngati n'koyenera, muyenera kuumitsa chomera padzuwa kapena pazitsulo zochepa mu uvuni.
Kukonzekera bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino fern kudzakuthandizani kusiyanitsa zakudya zothandiza ndi zachilendo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira ndondomeko zonse zofunika zotetezera ndikusamala thanzi lanu!
