Kukolola kwa bowa ndi chinthu chosayembekezereka ndipo chimadalira zinthu zambiri: nthawi imodzi, osankha bowa amawabweretsa mu zidebe, ndipo zina zimatheka kuti asapeze bowa limodzi m'nkhalango. Choncho, chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa August - oyambirira September, kukolola bowa kumayamba m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati mukugwira zokolola za bowa zoyera kugwa, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti muli ndi mbale yokonzedwa bwino yokonzekera yokonzekera. Nkhokwe ndi, mwachibadwa, chodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa, mochuluka, palibe kanthu koma kulawa kumayambira mu mbale, ndipo pambali pake samasintha kayendedwe kawo ndi kapangidwe kake nthawi ya chimbudzi.
Kuyanika bowa woyera
Aliyense amakumbukira momwe m'mudzi umene uli pamwamba pa chitofu munali nsomba za bowa zouma. Makolo athu analinso akuwotcha bowa m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa bowa amawasunga komanso amawasangalatsa. Sungani bowa m'nyengo yozizira m'njira ziwiri: pansi pa chilengedwe komanso mothandizidwa ndi uvuni. Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungayamire bowa, tiyeni tiyankhule.
Mukudziwa? Poyanika, kutayika kwa bowa ndi zolemera 87-90%.Kuyanika ndi njira yomwe ili yoyenera pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya bowa, kupatula iwo omwe ali ndi kulawa kowawa.
Kodi mungatani kuti muumitse nkhumba za porcini mwachibadwa
Ngati mwasankha kuuma bowa mwachilengedwe, ndiye choyamba muyenera kuwakonzekeretsa, ndizo: muyenera kutulutsa bowa kachiwiri ndikudula udzu, zidutswa za nthambi ndi masamba. Sambani bowa simukusowa. Amayenera kudulidwa ndi mapepala ofunda pafupifupi 1.5 masentimita. Mu nyengo yabwino, bowa ikhoza kuuma dzuwa: chifukwa cha izi, bowa amaikidwa pamwamba, pakhomo pogona ndi pepala kapena nsalu, basi chitsulo sichitha kugwira ntchito, monga bowa zingasokoneze ndi kuphika. Pofuna kuyanika, ndi bwino kusankha malo pansi pa chivundikiro, koma apa ndi pamene mphepo ikuwomba bwino.
Ngati nyengo sinagwire ntchito, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyanika bowa pa loggia kapena piranda, koma kumbukirani kuti mutseka zenera.
Momwe mungapsere porcini bowa pogwiritsa ntchito uvuni
Ngati muli mumzinda wawukulu ndipo mulibe nthawi yowuma bowa mwachibadwa, ndipo pali njira yotulukira: mukhoza kuuma bowa mothandizidwa ndi uvuni, ndipo ndi zophweka kuti muchite. Bowa, zomwe zikuwidwa, zimatsukidwa ndi zinyalala ndi dothi, koma osasamba, koma kudula malo owonongeka. Pofuna kuyanika mosavuta, matupi amtundu amatsukidwa molingana ndi kukula kwake ndi kumangiriza pa singano yapadera kapena kuikidwa pamapepala.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamayanika mu uvuni / thunzi, bowa sayenera kuthandizana, ndipo ndi bwino kuyika mfundozo pazomwe zimakhalapo.
Mukamayanika mu uvuni muyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, komanso mufunika kuchotsa chinyezi chomwe chimasanduka kuchokera ku bowa. N'zosatheka kuika kutentha nthawi yomweyo, bowa ayenera kuyamba kutengeka pa kutentha kwa madigiri 45. Mukaika kutentha nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti mapuloteni adzamasulidwa kuchokera ku bowa, zomwe zikadzauma zimapatsa mthunzi wakuda. Kutentha kumatha kuperekedwa kokha pokhapokha bowa atasiya kumangiriza ndipo dothi likuuma, pa nthawi ino kutentha kumakwera madigiri 75-80. Nthawi yowanikayo sitingathe kudziwa molondola, malingana ndi kukula kwa bowa akhoza kuuma nthawi zosiyanasiyana: bowa lomwe lauma kale liyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi ndi zina.Momwe mungakolere bowa woyera m'nyengo yozizira
Salting porcini bowa m'nyengo yozizira ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri yowakolola kuti agwiritse ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso itatha nyengo yokolola, ndipo pali njira zambiri komanso maphikidwe odzitengera bowa mu botolo komanso mu chidebe china. Bowa, yokololedwa ndi salting, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku supu kupita ku sauces.
Kodi kuphika mkaka bowa salting m'nyengo yozizira
Asanayambe kutsuka bowa, yokonzedwa ndi salting m'nyengo yozizira, amafunikira kukonzekera bwino. Bowa la salting ayenera kukhala wathanzi komanso wathanzi, osati mopitirira malire, popanda kuwonongeka kwa makina. Bowa ayenera kukonzedwa ndi ziwiri: ndi mtundu ndi kukula, kuchepetsa miyendo.
Mukudziwa? Musanayambe salting mafuta ndi syroezhek muyenera kuyeretsa khungu lakunja.
Musanayambe salting, yambani bowa bwino ndi madzi ozizira, muwaponyeni m'chitetezo ndi madzi ndikupangitsa kuti chinyezi chisawonongeke. Mutatha kuyeretsa bowa, ayenera kutsukidwa kuti adziwe dothi ndi zinyalala, malo owonongeka ayenera kudula. Nkhumba zimadulidwa molingana ndi kukula kwake: zikuluzikulu za bowa palokha, ndi bwino kudula. Ngati mumasankha mchere, mokhoviki kapena boletus, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale kukhala ndi mphindi yochepa ndi mlengalenga, imatha kukhala mdima, chifukwa izi ziyenera kuyikidwa muyeso wa mchere ndi citric acid mu chiwerengero cha 10 g mchere komanso 2 g citric acid pa lita imodzi ya madzi.Mabokosi a mkaka wamchere akhoza kukhala m'njira zambiri: ozizira, otentha ndi owuma. Tiyeni tione njira zitatu izi mwatsatanetsatane.
Momwe mungaperekere mkaka wamchere mchere m'nyengo yozizira
Njira yozizira ya salting ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi bowa omwe simukufuna kutentha kwapadera: bowa, bowa, mkaka, mafunde, masewera, etc. Gawo loyamba la salting likuwotcha bowa kwa masiku 1-2 m'madzi oyera, omwe ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri. . Lembani bowa m'madzi amchere pamlingo wa 10 g mchere, 2 g wa citric acid pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Bowa omwe amathiridwa m'madzi otere ayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa la mitundu yosiyanasiyana liyenera kuthiridwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, choncho Valui amathira mafuta masiku atatu, bowa mkaka ndi podgruzdi - masiku awiri, ndi volvushki ndi njenjete - tsiku. Ryzhiki ndi russula samachita zimenezi.Ngati kukwera kumatenga nthawi yochuluka, mukhoza kukonzekera ndi blanching, chifukwa ichi chiyenera kuviikidwa m'madzi otentha ndikusiya kwa mphindi zingapo kapena kutsanulira madzi otentha. Pambuyo pa blanching, nkofunika kuika bowa m'madzi ozizira. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuika bowa mu mtsuko muzitsulo, ndikuwaza pansi ndi mchere ndi kuwaza mchere uliwonse. Kwa makilogalamu 1 a nsomba adzafunika 50 g mchere. Bowa ukhoza kuyamwa ndi adyo, katsabola, tsabola, chitowe kapena parsley, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba la chitumbuwa. Chombo chodzaza chimadzazidwa ndi nsalu ndipo "wothandizira" akuyikidwa pamwamba, ndipo patatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri amachotsedwa kumalo ozizira. Patatha masiku angapo, bowa likachepa pang'ono, muyenera kufotokozera momwe mungathere kudzaza botolo / keg, ndikubwezeretsani. Choncho, patapita kanthawi chidebecho chidzadzazidwa, ndipo patapita sabata, m'pofunikira kuyesa ngati pali brine mu chidebe, ngati simungathe kuwonjezerapo mwa kuwonjezera 20 g wa mchere mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuwonjezera kulemera kwa katundu. Mukhoza kusunga bowawa kutentha kwa madigiri -1-7.
Momwe mungapezere mchere mchere mu njira yotentha
Njira yotentha ya salting gruzdey si yosiyana kwambiri ndi pickling yozizira, koma imafuna nthawi yochuluka. Yambani njirayi ndikukonzekera bowa: amatsukidwa, kutsukidwa ndi kuthiridwa kapena blanched, kudula.
Muyenera kutsanulira 0,5 malita a madzi (pa 1 makilogalamu a bowa) mu mbale yomwe ili yabwino kwa inu (kapu yaing'ono kapena poto) ndi kuwonjezera mchere wambiri. Pamene madzi akuwiritsa, mukhoza kuika bowa mmenemo. Pamene mukuphika, bowa liyenera kuyendetsedwa nthawi zonse, mwinamwake iwo adzatentha. Pambuyo pa madzi otentha, muyenera kuchotsa chithovu, kuwonjezera zonunkhira kuti mulawe ndi kuphika mpaka mutakonzeka: nthawi yophika imatenga mphindi 10 mpaka 25.
Mukudziwa? Kukonzekera kwa bowa kungatsimikizidwe ndikuti iwo akhazikika pansi, ndipo brine yayamba kuonekera.Bowa okonzeka amafunika kuti azipangidya mofulumira kuti azizizira mofulumira, kenaka muike mitsuko ndi brine. ChiĊµerengero cha brine ndi bowa: 1 gawo la brine ndi magawo asanu a bowa. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito bowa mchere motero mwezi ndi hafu.
Chotola chouma choyera cha bowa woyera
Pogwiritsira ntchito njira yowuma ya salting, bowa sikutanthauza kukonzekera kwakapadera: amafunika kutsukidwa, kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa, yonyowa ndipo sayenera kusambitsidwa. Ndiye muyenera kudula malo onse owonongeka ndikudula bowa. Nkhumba ziyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe cha salting ndi zigawo, kuwaza mchere uliwonse, kuphimba ndi nsalu ndi kuyika pansi ndi wothandizira, wopangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sangathe kuzikakamiza. Bowa ikhoza kudyedwa pa sabata imodzi kapena theka, pamene mankhwalawa ali okonzeka, pamwamba pake adzakhala madzi omwe ayenera kuphimba bowa kwathunthu. Njirayi imatchedwanso "owuma" chifukwa bowa sichimafuna zonunkhira zina, chifukwa bowawo ali kale ndi maonekedwe olemera kwambiri, owopsa kwambiri. 
Ndikofunikira! Choncho, n'zotheka kuti mchere usakhale mchere, koma ndi zochepa chabe za mitundu yawo, monga bowa ndi podoreshniki.
Njira zowonjezera porcini bowa
Kusungunuka kwa bowa woyera ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuti amayi azikolola bowa m'nyengo yozizira. Mukhoza kufalitsa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya bowa, ndiyeno mugwiritseni ntchito pokonza pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse.
Sungani bowa woyera poyera
Kumwaza bowa woyera m'nyengo yozizira ndi kosavuta. Musanayambe bowa mufiriji, amafunika kutsukidwa ndikutsukidwa. Bowa ikhoza kungokhala mazira ozizira, osakhala nawo panthawi yozizira. Nkhumba zowonongeka ndi zotsuka ziyenera kudulidwa mu mbale zoonda 5-7 mm ndipo zikhale pamalo apamwamba kwambiri kwa inu. Mu mawonekedwe awa, tumizani bowa mufiriji. Ngati muli ndi malo ochepa mufiriji, mukhoza kuwaza bowa mwapang'ono ndikusungunula m'mapangidwe apadera kapena mavitamini omwe ali ndi chivindikiro chopanda mpweya, chomwe chili chofunikira kuti bowa musapse fungo la zinthu zina.
Otentha bowa woyera ozizira
Bowa wophika wophika amawasungira kwa nthawi yaitali bwino, osalola chilichonse chowoneka. Ndi zophweka kuti afungitse bowa wophika, ngakhale kuti ndondomekoyo ikhonza kuwoneka yayitali. Chinthu choyamba kuchita ndi kuchotsa zitsamba za bowa, kudula mutizidutswa ndikudutsuka ndi madzi ambiri. Nkhumba ziyenera kuyaka pamoto kapena muzitsulo, popanda kuphimba ndi chivindikiro, kuti madzi asawotche ndipo asawononge chitofu chanu.
Pambuyo pa bowa wiritsani, moto uyenera kutsetsereka pamtunda, womwe umatentha. Mu mawonekedwe awa, bowa ayenera kuphika kwa mphindi zingapo, ndipo amafunika kuyamwa ndi kuikanso pamadzi abwino, wiritsani mpaka bowa lifike pansi. Kenaka chotsani mbale kuchokera kutentha ndi kukaniza bowa, muwasiye ozizira.
Mukudziwa? Ndi bwino kuchoka kuti uzizizira bowa mu sieve, ndiye mukhoza kutsimikiza kuti sipadzakhalanso chinyezi mu bowa.Kenaka, bowayo imaphatikizidwa m'matumba kapena m'mitsuko, yotsekedwa mwamphamvu, yotchulidwa ndi tsiku lozizira ndi kutumizidwa kufiriji.
Sungani bowa woyera wokazinga
Bowa losaphika kapena owiritsa kokha ndi lofewa, kotero n'zotheka kukonzekera bowa woyera wokazinga. Kuwotcha bowa wokazinga ndi wosavuta: bowa ayenera kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala, ndipo botolo liyenera kuchotsedwa pakhungu. Mutatha kutsuka bowa, amafunika kudulidwa m'magulu akuluakulu. Ikani bowa pa poto yowonjezera ndi mafuta pang'ono ndi mwachangu mpaka madziwo atuluka. Ndiye bowa ayenera kuchotsedwa kutentha ndikudikirira mpaka ozizira. Bowa utakhazikika ayenera kuikidwa m'matumba kapena m'mitsuko, mwamphamvu kutsekedwa ndi kutumizidwa kufiriji.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kusunga bowa wobiriwira ndi kununkhiza, m'pofunika kuwiritsa bowa mu uvuni popanda mafuta pamaso pa kuzizira.Bowa wokazinga akhoza kusungidwa kutentha kosachepera-madigiri 18 ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatha kupatsidwa chithandizo pambuyo pa kutaya.
Kusamba bowa woyera
Mayi aliyense wam'nyumba nthawi imodzi amaphika bowa, amawotcha m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo aliyense amakhala ndi zokhazokha. Iyi ndi njira yotchuka yokonzekera, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera mbale zina kapena ngati chakudya chosiyana. Bowa wonyezimira ndi lamera ndi oyenerera kuti aziyenda movutikira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, achinyamata, osati bowa. Musanayambe kumanga bowa m'nyengo yozizira, amafunika kutsukidwa, kudula malo owonongeka ndikutsuka. Bowa lalikulu ayenera kugawidwa ndi zikhomo ndi miyendo padera. Funso lofunsidwa kawirikawiri: momwe mungathere nkhuku za porcini. Yankho lake ndi lolunjika: monga ngati zofiira, komabe, ayenera kuyambitsidwa, "kutayidwa" ndi kuchitidwa kutentha: blanch kapena wiritsani kwa mphindi zochepa m'madzi otentha.
Poti bowa sizimdima, amatha kuloĊµetsedwa mu njira yothetsera mchere ndi citric acid, koma asanayambe kuphika yekha, ayenera kutsukidwa.
Pali njira ziwiri kuphika bowa mu marinade: yiritsani bowa pamodzi ndi marinade mu mbale yomweyo, zidzakupatsani kukoma kokoma ndi kununkhiza, koma maonekedwe a marinade sangakhale abwino kwambiri, adzakhala amdima, otayirira, ndi zidutswa za bowa. Njira yachiwiri ndi yophika bowa ndi marinade mosiyana, ndipo panthawi yomwe ma marinade amaphatikizapo zigawo ziwirizo. Pankhaniyi, simungakwanitse kukonda kukoma ndi mtundu, koma penyani bwino kwambiri za bowa mu ntchito ya marinade. Chomaliza chotengeracho chiyenera kutsanuliridwa muzitsulo zokhala ndi chosawilitsidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi zipewa zosabereka - izi zimathandiza kupewa botulism. Ndi pang'ono chabe kusintha kwa mtundu wa bowa kuchokera mu mtsuko wotere ndi bwino kuchotsa, kuti asatenge poizoni.
Monga mukuonera, konzekerani bowa mopanda malire. Zokwanira kuti mutenge kanthawi kakhitchini kuti mukondweretse nokha ndi okondedwa anu ndi zokoma zokoma za bowa.
