Chokometsera chimadziwika kwa aliyense kuyambira ali mwana. Nkhumba za golidi zimakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, ndipo palibe chomera chokha chimene chingathe kubwereza mwachidule kukoma kwa chimanga cha chimanga. Masiku ano, mbewuyi ndi imodzi mwa malo otsogolera mbewu zaulimi chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake kulima ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana.
Chimanga Chokoma "Bonduelle"
Chomera chodabwitsa ichi sichidyetsa anthu okha, komanso nyama. Azimayi m'mayiko ambiri akuyesetsa kubzala mbewu zatsopano, zabwino.
Mitundu ya chimanga "Bonduelle" siilipo. Ili ndilo malonda a malonda a dzina lomwelo, lomwe limagwirizanitsa pansi pa dzina limodzi kuti processing (kusungirako) mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa ya chimanga chobiridwa, monga "Mzimu" ndi "bonasi", omwe amadziwika ndi zotsatirazi:
- chomera chaka chilichonse chokula kufika mamita atatu m'lifupi;
- amakonda kuwala ndi kutentha. Kuthetsa chilala chaching'ono;
- Zimapweteka kwambiri kuti zizimeta, makamaka mu theka la nyengo yokula;
- Kuchokera pakukwera kwa mbande kukolola, masiku opitirira 120 amatha;
- imakula bwino pa dothi lachonde;
- Chomeracho chimapanga kuchokera ku imodzi mpaka ziwiri, kumera kwa masentimita 22 ndi kukhala ndi mbewu zazikulu za golide-golide ndi maonekedwe osasangalatsa ndi okoma.
Mukudziwa? Kukula chimanga chomwe chinapangidwa mu 4250 BC. er Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe anapeza ku Mexico. Kutalika kwa khola kunalibe kuposa masentimita asanu, ndipo lero ndi pafupifupi 20 cm.
Chimanga chokoma chimakonda kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala ake. 100 g ya zipatso muli:
- nicotinic acid (PP) - 2.1 mg - zofunikira kuti zitsitsimutse thupi, zimachepetse mafuta m'thupi ndipo zimaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa magazi;
- choline (B4) - 71 mg - amagwira nawo ntchito yomanga maselo a thupi, amathandiza kugwira chiwindi ndi mtima;
- beta carotene - 0.32 mg - antioxidant yabwino, amamenyana ndiwombola;
- thiamine (B1) - 0,38 mg - zofunikira kuti zitsulo zamagulu mu thupi;
- folic acid (B9) - 26 μg - amagwira ntchito yopanga maselo ofiira a magazi;
Pezani chimanga chomwe chiri chabwino popanga popcorn.
- tocopherol (E) - 1.3 mg - amathandiza kuchotsa slags ndi maofesi antioxidant;
- potaziyamu - 340 mg - ndizofunikira kwa njira ya chigoba chaumunthu;
- Phosphorous - 301 mg - imathandizira kulimbitsa ndi kusunga mafupa ndi mano;
- sulfure - 114 mg - "mchere wa kukongola" kuti akhalebe wabwino kwa tsitsi, misomali ndi khungu;
- magnesium - 104 mg - imasungira kutentha kwa thupi ndipo ilipo mu njira zoyambira moyo;
- klorini - 54 mg - imaimika kuyamwa kwa chakudya, amakhalabe ndi kusintha kwa ziwalo, ndizofunikira chiwindi ndi mtima;
- calcium - 34 mg - imakhudzidwa pomanga minofu, imayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupweteka kwa mtima, kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi;
- Sodium - 27 mg - ndizofunika kusunga mchere wa madzi m'thupi.
Ndikofunikira! Pafupifupi, magalamu 200 a nyemba zimadya kuchokera pamutu umodzi. Kudya cobs 2 patsiku, mumapeza zambiri za kalori tsiku lililonse zomwe muyenera kuziganizira anthu omwe ali ndi mapaundi owonjezera.
Mtengo wa 100 g wa mbewu:
- mapuloteni - 10.3 g;
- mafuta 4.9 g;
- Zakudya - 60 g;
- madzi - 14 g;
- wowuma - 58.2 g;
- zakudya zamtundu - 9.6 g
- Matenda a satanaclerosis - 400 g ya mbewu idzateteza mitsempha ya magazi m'magazi a magazi, normalize cholesterol kagayidwe kake.
- Ndikumatopa kapena kutopa - 200 g wa chimanga mu saladi kumathandiza kubwezeretsa mphamvu.
- Carotenoids mumathandiza ndi matenda a maso - katatu pamlungu muyenera kudya tirigu wambiri.
- Zakudya za zakudya ndi zabwino kuyeretsa makoma a matumbo kuchokera poizoni, Choncho, udzu umalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a m'mimba.
Matenda a Tibetan, a white mar, nthochi zouma, homern, lagenaria, sipinachi, broccoli, amaranth, horseradish, Chinese kabichi, nectarines, plums ndi tomato zimathandiza kuchotsa poizoni ndi poizoni m'thupi.
- Selenium mu mankhwala amathandiza Chotsani mowa mwamsanga ndi kumenyana ndi chiwindi ndi zakudya zopitirira mafuta - supuni imodzi ya chimanga cham'chitini pamaso pa phwando idzakuthandizani kupeŵa mavuto.
- Chofunika kwambiri kwa odyetserako zamasamba - Zakudya za mapuloteni a masamba pa mtengowo zimayimirira pamtunda womwewo ndi mapuloteni a nyama.
Kuphatikiza ndi phindu la chimanga kuli ndi zotsutsana:
- Pamene zilonda zam'mimba ndi m'mimba zimadya chakudya chambiri chochepa.
- Powonjezereka kwa magazi, muyenera kusamala ndi mankhwalawa, popeza vitamini K yomwe ilimo imachepetsanso njirayi.
- Osatonthozedwa kwa anthu omwe amalephera kulemera kapena ali pa zakudya.
- Pamene chakudya chikuwopsa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchokera ku mbewu za chimanga kumathandiza kupewa matenda otupa, ndipo phwando lake limachepetsa kukula kwawo.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mbewu, monga mitundu, mumagulu a zomera amagawidwa m'magulu 9, kusiyana kumeneku kumadalira mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a tirigu. Taonani zina mwa mitunduyi:
- Shuga - gulu lalikulu kwambiri, likukula mozungulira padziko lonse lapansi. Gululi likuphatikizapo mitundu yokolola, monga Trofi F1, Sugar F1 ndi ena. Fruiting imapezeka pakatha masabata 12 pambuyo pa kumera. Mitengo imatha kutalika kwa mamita awiri ndipo imakhala ndi cobs yolemera mpaka 220 g yokhala ndi masamba okongola a chikasu. Mitengo yam'katikati "Svitstar F Hybrid" ndi "Peyala" yokhala ndi nyengo ya kucha kwa miyezi itatu imalekerera ndi nyengo yaifupi yomwe imakhudza ubwino wa mbewu. Kukula mpaka mamita 2.5, ndi zikhomo zotambasula mpaka masentimita 23 m'litali, masentimita 6 m'lifupi ndikulemera 200 g, ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Mtundu wa mbewuwo umasiyana ndi mandimu kufika ku chikasu chakuya. Mitengo yakucha yochedwa "Polaris" ndi "Bashkirovets", yomwe imakhala ndi masiku okwanira 110, imachita bwino pa nyengo zovuta. Kutalika kumafika mamita 3, ndipo makutu a golide amakhala aakulu mpaka masentimita 24 ndipo akhoza kulemera 350 g. Mbewu zonse zokoma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulitsiro, chifukwa pamene ikafika, imakhala ndi shuga wambiri wosasuka ndi pang'ono pokha.
Mbewu ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zakale kwambiri zomwe zimadya mbewu, komanso zimaphatikizaponso: tirigu, balere, oats, rye, mapira, buckwheat
- Kuphulika - imaphatikizapo mitundu "Oerlikon", "Volcano", yomwe imachokera ku mapiko a kuphika ndipo imasiyana mofanana ndi mbewu. Mukatenthedwa, madzi otsekemera mkati mwa tirigu amasanduka nthunzi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ziswe. Zomera zimakhala mamita awiri, zimamera cobs mpaka masentimita 22 m'litali ndikulemera 250 g. Njere imabwera m'njira ziwiri - mpunga (pamwamba ndi kuzungulira) ndi barele (pamwamba pamakhala mlomo). Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa gulu la chimanga ndi mapuloteni oposa 16%, motero, kuwonjezera pa mapulasitiki, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tirigu ndi ufa.
- Wokhuta - akufalitsidwa kwambiri ku America. Mitundu ya "Mays Concho" ndi "Thompson Prolific" zokolola zambiri. Zomera zimakhala zazikulu mamita atatu, zowopsya, ndi masamba ambiri. Nkhono zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 45, mbewu zimakhala zazikulu, zogwira bwino kwambiri zonyezimira zoyera kapena zoyera. Mbewu ya gulu ili imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tirigu ndi ufa wapamwamba, komanso mowa, wowonjezera, chifukwa mbewuyi ili ndi 80% ya wowuma komanso 10% ya mapuloteni.
- Siliceous - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Cherokee Blue" yomwe imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, imakula kufika mamita awiri m'lifupi ndipo imakhala ndi mphukira 18 cm. Nthawi yakucha ndi miyezi 2.5. Kernel ndi mtundu wa lilac-chokoleti, mtundu wapakati. Zophikidwa mopanda malire ndi zokometsera. Kukula msinkhu kumakhala ndi "Mays Ornamental Congo", nyengo yokula ndi masiku 130. Zimakula mpaka mamita 2.5, chiwerengero cha cobs pa chomera chimadutsa zidutswa zinayi. Nkhumba zoyamba zili ndi 83% wowonjezera ndi 18% mapuloteni. Malingana ndi zizindikiro izi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga tirigu ndi ufa, nkhuni za chimanga ndi flakes zimapangidwa kuchokera mmenemo, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa nyama.
- Zino za dzino - Mbali yapadera ya gulu ili ndi kuti njere zazikulu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu komanso mapepala apamwamba pa nthawi ya kukula. The weevil ikufanana ndi mawonekedwe a dzino, kotero dzina la mitundu Chomeracho chiri ndi tsinde limodzi ndi makutu ambiri akulu. Amaperekedwa ndi mitundu "Spring 179 SV" ndi "Moldavsky 215 MV" okhala ndi makutu a kutalika mpaka 25 masentimita ndi kulemera kwake 130 g. Tizilombo ta chikasu ndi obiriwira - 70% ndi mapuloteni - 16%. Zambiri za tirigu ndi sililage mass.
Mukudziwa? Kafukufuku wophunzitsidwa ku yunivesite ya Nagoya (Japan) asonyeza kuti chimanga chofiira chimakhala ndi mtundu wa pigment umene umalepheretsa khansa ya coloni, mawonekedwe oopsa a oncology, kuchokera pakukula.
Mitundu ya Mitundu
M'mbiri ya dziko la kulima chimanga pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu:
- Maiz " - chimanga chachilendo. Zakhala zikudziwika kale kumadera akum'mwera cha kumadzulo kwa America, kumene kunali chiwerengero cha Amwenye. Njira yaikulu ya mtundu uwu ndi nthenda yaikulu ya anthocyanins, yomwe zotsatira zake zimatsutsa-kutupa, kuyambiranso ndi antioxidant zotsatira. Chitani mwangwiro pazowona zaulere, kuteteza mitsuko kuchitidwe chawo chowononga. Maluso a antioxidant a mtundu uwu wa chimanga ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa awo a blueberries (womenyera mwamphamvu zowonongeka kwaulere). Chifukwa cha khalidwe ili, chimanga cha buluu chikhoza kutchedwa zakudya zabwino. Kumadzulo, ndi ufa wa buluu, muffins ndi zikondamoyo zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga chotere, ndipo ku Peru amapanga zakumwa zofiirira, zokhazokha.
Phunzirani zambiri za zovuta za kubzala ndi kusamalira, momwe mungakolole komanso momwe mungasungire chimanga popanda kutaya.
- "Galasi" - cobs zosintha zamitundu zosiyanasiyana. Udzu unamera ku Oklahoma ndi Karl Barnes wakulima ndipo amaimira chimanga cha chimanga. Kuchokera pamenepo mungathe kuphika ufa, mabala. Mu mawonekedwe a tirigu woyera mu chakudya, si abwino. Zojambula zokongoletsera zimakonda kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wapadera wa mbewuzo. Mbewu za zosiyanasiyanazi zikhoza kulamulidwa pa webusaiti ya Seeds Trust. Iwo ndi otchuka kwambiri kuti kampaniyo ilibe nthawi yoti iwapange iwo.
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yambiri ya zokometsera, mungasankhe mawonekedwe okondedwa kwambiri ndikubzala pa siteti yanu, chifukwa mbewuyi siifuna kuti muisamalire, chinthu chachikulu: Musaiwale kumwa madzi. Ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kugwa mudzapeza zokolola zambewu zokoma, zomwe sizitha kungokhala mazira, kusunga zakudya zonse, komanso zikhoza kusungidwa, podziwa momwe zimakhalire zokolola.
