Ambiri a inu mwawona mipesa yamphamvu ikukwera makoma a nyumba ndikupanga mipanda. Chomera chokongoletsera ichi chimatchedwa munda ivy. Ndizodabwitsa kuti chinali chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za dziko lakale la Greece, kutanthauza kukondweretsa ndi chikondi, ndipo olemba ndakatulo ankakongoletsa mitu yawo ndi zida zapakati pa zikondwererozo. Tiyeni ife tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza chomera ichi.
Kufotokozera
Garden ivy ndi za liana-monga zosatha zosatha za banja la Araliae. Ndi shrub zokwawa zomwe zimamangiriza ku zinthu ndi malo ake osiyanasiyana ndi mizu yambiri yofanana ndi mizu.
Pa zimayambira zake zimakhala zobiriwira zobiriwira zamitundu yosiyana siyana. Maluwa obiriwira achikasu amasonkhana pamwamba pa nthambi mu maburashi ndi inflorescences, maambulera. Chomeracho chimamasula mu theka loyamba la autumn, ndipo chipatso chake ndi mabulosi amdima ndi mbewu zingapo za buluu zomwe zimakhala ndi buluu. Zimakula m'nyengo yozizira ndipo ndi chakudya chabwino cha mbalame. Kwa munthu, mabulosiwa samangokhala osadziwika kwenikweni, komanso amachititsa poizoni. 
Amapezeka ku Australia komanso m'madera a Northern Hemisphere ndipo akhoza kukula mpaka mamita makumi atatu.
Mukudziwa? Akhristu ambiri amawona munda wamaluwa monga chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika, moyo ndi kusafa. Mwinamwake chomera ichi chidzakulolani kuti muchoke ku mavuto osokoneza bongo ndikumenyana ndi mafilosofi.
Mitundu ya ivy munda
Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya mitundu yake, yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ili:
- Colchis ivy (Hedera coichica). Chomeracho chimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu obiriwira, omwe ndi aakulu masentimita 17, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 20. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndipo ali ndi fungo lapadera ndi mthunzi wa nutmeg, womwe umadziwika pakusamba. Maluwa amapezeka m'dzinja. Maluwa osayimira mtengo wokongoletsera amasonkhanitsidwa mumsapato pa peduncles mpaka masentimita atatu, kutalika kwa maluwa kumakhala 4.5 mm, ndi m'lifupi - 2.5 mm. Kuphuka zipatso kumapezeka m'chaka cha chaka chamawa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Colchis ivy ndi yalavu, nsalu ndi mtengo. Mmerawo ukhoza kukula kufika mamita 30 ndipo umapezeka pa Gombe la Black Sea la Caucasus;
- Mabala ambiri (Hedera helix). Chomerachi chimafika kutalika kwa mita imodzi. Zili ndi masamba okongoletsera, okongola ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe - nyengo yozizira ndi kuwala kwakukulu, palmate ndi zazikulu zisanu, Baltic chisanu chosagwira ndi yaying'ono, malire ndi chikasu cha chikasu ndi zina. Icho chimamasula monga ngati Colchis ivy. Amapezeka m'madera otsika ndi m'mapiri a kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi ku Russia. Imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri yozizira kwambiri;
- Chiweto cha abusa (Hedera pastuchowii). Mmerawo ukhoza kukula mamita 10 kutalika. Zili ndi zobiriwira zonyezimira zobiriwira ndipo zimakhala ndi masentimita 10 mpaka mamita masentimita (6 cm) m'kati mwake. Maonekedwe awo amasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana - kuchokera ku lanceolate kupita kumtima wozungulira, wokhala ndi mpweya wozungulira. Anapezeka m'madera a Azerbaijan, Georgia, Dagestan.
Zipinda zam'madzi ndi chimodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimapezeka m'nyumba zambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafesedwa ndi fuchsia kapena pelargonium. Makamaka otchuka chifukwa cha masamba a variegated ndi Ivy Canada.
Ponena za mitundu ina, Thorndale ndi Modern Times amadziwika ndi kukula kwachangu, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira. Mitundu ya Sally, Deltoidea ndi Tripod ilipo mawonekedwe onse ozungulira ndipo imapanga tchire wandiweyani. Mbali iyi ikukuthandizani kuti muziigwiritsa ntchito palimodzi pamaluwa ndi poto. Amamera msanga ndikupanga mazenera aakulu mpaka mamita awiri.
Mitundu yodalirika monga Dealbata, Henriette, Jubilee ndi Merry kwambiri ndi yabwino kuphimba zithunzi za alpine. Mitundu yawo yambiri ndi mithunzi imakongoletsa munda uliwonse wa miyala ndipo idzakulolani kupanga maonekedwe anu apadera.
Kulima ndi kusamalira
Pofuna kukula chombo chokongola, muyenera kusankha sapling yoyenera. Mukamagula, mvetserani kuti chomeracho chili ndi mphamvu yofalitsa komanso yowala, masamba okongola. Mbeu yokhala ndi mizu yosalala ndi masamba obiriwira ndi bwino kuti musapeze.
Kuunikira
Ivy sakonda malo otseguka. Yesetsani kulima iyo penumbra, ikhoza kukhala mumthunzi wa korona wa mtengo waukulu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka nyengo yoziziritsa, chifukwa malo oyenera amathandiza zomera kuti zizikhala bwino m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso, malowa ayenera kukhala chete, opanda mphepo zamphamvu.
Ndikofunikira! Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, musathamangire kukatulutsa mphukira pambuyo pa wintering, ndi bwino kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kumapeto kwa ntchito yogwira madzi. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimayenera kukonza mapulani a munda.
Kutentha
M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, chomeracho sichitha mofulumira kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kulima mu kasupe, kotero kuti panthawi yotentha ya chaka icho chikhoza kukulira ndi kulimbikitsa mochuluka momwe zingathere. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti m'madera ozizira, ivy kawirikawiri sizingafikire kutalika kwake, chifukwa chigawo chophimba chipale chofewa sichingapulumutse chisanu cha chisanu. Choncho, yang'anani kuti idzatha kuphimba malo ochepa okha.
Kunyumba, imakonda malo ozizira ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe pafupifupi madigiri 18 Celsius, ndipo nyengo yozizira - 6 mpaka 12 madigiri Celsius. Chomeracho chimayankha mwachizolowezi kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi zojambulajambula, choncho malo abwino kwambiri ndi khonde lokhazikika kapena loggia.
Nthaka
Zomera zimabzalidwa m'chaka chachonde chomera chonde chokhala ndi humus ndi mandimu. Kufika kumafuna nthaka yozizira, yopuma. Mitengo ya loamy yochepa kwambiri imakhala yoyenera, koma zomera zowoneka bwino sizimayambira mizu, chifukwa kulibe kupeza mpweya wabwino kwa mizu. Kuwonjezera apo, dongo liri ndi malo oti lisunge chinyezi, ndipo kuwonjezera kwake kumawononga ivy.
Werengani za nthaka yomwe ilipo ndi momwe mungameretsere, komanso zomwe ziri ndi momwe mungadziwire acidity m'nthaka.
Kuti asamalire nthaka ndi yosavuta kumasula, imayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mizu. Kukonzekera nthaka yozizira ndikusunga chinyezi chamtengo wapatali chingathandize mulching ndi humus kuchokera masamba kapena peat.
Kuthirira
Ivy ndi zomera zomwe zimakonda chinyezi, wolemba ndakatulo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi limakhala losalekeza, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, madzi akuwonjezerapo. Komabe, musaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kungawononge imfa. Monga lamulo, m'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kumakhala 1 - 2 pa sabata, ndipo nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa.
Ngati mbeu ikukula muzipinda zam'chipinda, ndiye kuti m'nyengo yozizira mu chipinda chofunda, kuthirira kumakhalanso kawirikawiri. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zonse muyenera kusamba masamba. Izi sizikhala ndi zotsatira zokha pa zomera zokha, komanso sizingalole fumbi m'nyumba.
Chinyezi
Ivy zimatenga mpweya wouma kwambiri, masamba ake amauma ndi kufa pansi. Choncho, panyumba pamatha kutentha kuposa madigiri 20 Celsius, m'pofunika kuwonjezera mpweya, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kupopedwa nthawi zonse. Ngati mulibe chimbudzi chodziwika, mungathe kuyika chidebe chachikulu ndi madzi m'chipinda.
Werengani zokhudzana ndi zovuta za kusamalira minda ina ya mpesa: mphesa zokongola, petiolian hydrangea, clematis, wisteria, honeysuckle capricoleum, passionflower, woodcutter, actinidia, ipomey, Chinese Lemongrass, nandolo zabwino, tunbergia, Kampsis, calistegy.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pofuna kubzala maluwa mofulumira ndikukondweretsani ndi korona wolemera, muyenera kudyetsedwa nyengo yotentha kamodzi kapena kawiri pa mwezi. Pachifukwa ichi, madzi osungunuka nayitrogeni feteleza ndi oyenerera, chifukwa cha mphukira zatsopano zowonongeka ndi masamba wathanzi zidzawonekera molimbika kwambiri.
Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, m'pofunika kudyetsa chomeracho ndi feteleza ndi phosphorous ndi calcium. Iwo amuthandiza iye kulimbikitsa ndi kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Kuswana
Garden ivy m'malo mosavuta zimafalitsidwa ndi cuttings ndi nthambi. Zomwe amaluwa amalangiza kuchita izi mu kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha zitsanzo zabwino zowonetsera.
Cuttings
Cuttings adadulidwa mu kasupe kapena chilimwe kuchokera ku mphukira zazing'ono osati okalamba kuposa zaka zitatu. Poyala chomera chatsopano, zimayambira ndi nsonga za masentimita 10 (koma osachepera 15 masentimita) zimadulidwa, masamba anayi amunsi amachotsedwa ndipo zimayambira mumadzi kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Patapita kanthawi, amayamba mizu ndikubzala pansi.
Mukhoza kubzala mwamsanga mabulosi mu mabokosi ndi chisakanizo cha munda nthaka ndi mchenga. Kawirikawiri, mapangidwe a mizu yofunikira kubzala, amatenga kuchokera masabata anai mpaka asanu ndi limodzi.
Pambuyo pake mmerawo umabzalidwa kudera losankhidwa kufika pafupifupi masentimita 20, ngalande imaperekedwa pansi pa dzenje. Mtunda pakati pa zomera ziyenera kukhala 30 - 60 masentimita, mutabzalidwa zimathiridwa madzi, ndipo nthaka imakhala yochuluka. Kwa nyengo yozizira, toyamata achinyamata ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba a spruce kapena masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Ivy ndi chomera chakupha, choncho onse amamusamalira, makamaka kudulira, ayenera kuchitidwa ndi magolovesi. Ngati mchere wake ukadali pa khungu ndipo pakakhala kuyabwa, kutupa, kapena kukhumudwa, mwamsanga funsani dokotala.
Kudula
Njirayi ndi yoyenera ngati mukukonzekera chophimba chobiriwira chophimba limodzi. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani tsinde labwino labwino, pangani kanyumba kakang'ono, malowa akuphatikizidwa pansi ndi mzere wapadera ndi owazidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Patapita kanthawi, ivyiti zidzakhazikika ndikupanga chomera chosiyana. Ngati ndi kotheka, mungathe kuzisiyanitsa kuchokera ku chomera chachikulu ndikuchiika pamalo ena.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Matenda akulu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a munda:
- Malo ophera tizilombo a munda wamaluwa amalingaliridwa kangaude. Chifukwa cha chotupa, chomeracho chimadzazidwa ndi ukonde wa kangaude, pomwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tokasu kapena ofiira. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pazomera zikukula kumbali. Mbewu imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala "Actellic", omwe amadzipukutira m'madzi molingana ndi malangizo ndikupanga masamba kamodzi pa sabata. Njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa mpaka kuwonongeka kwa nkhupakupa.
- Kutentha kwambiri kwa dothi kungapweteke chomera ndi bowa. Chifukwa cha izi, madera amdima amawonekera pa masamba, amayamba kuuma ndi kugwa. Pachifukwa ichi, m'pofunika kuchotsa masamba omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zimayambira, kuyendetsa chomera ndi fungicidal kukonzekera.
- Kutentha kwakukulu mu chipinda kungawonongeke ndi chishango. Kunja, izi zimawonetseredwa ndi maluwa okongola pamasamba, kenako amawonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amawoneka kuti amawomba. Pachifukwa ichi, zimayambira zowonongeka ziyenera kudulidwa, ndipo ivyowokha ziyenera kusunthira ku malo ozizira.
- Chimodzi mwa tizirombo za ivy ndi aphid. Pochotsa icho, chomeracho chimachizidwa ndi tizilombo ("Aktellik", "Karbofos", "Aktara" ndi ena). Yesetsani kuti musaphonye tsamba limodzi kapena kuthawa, mwinamwake aphid yotsala idzafalikira mwamsanga pa chomeracho.
Mungathe kumenyana ndi akangaude ndi njira zosiyana siyana: kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, anyezi, dandelion, decoction ya cyclamen tubers.
- kusowa kapena kupitirira kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa masamba achikasu ndi akugwa;
- masamba ang'onoang'ono, osakanikirana ndi ofooka omwe amawoneka ndi masamba ofunika akulankhula za kusowa kwa dzuwa;
- Nsonga zofiirira ndi youma zimayankhula za kutentha kwambiri ndi kutsika kwa chinyezi.
Mukudziwa? Garden ivy ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zikhoza kufika zaka 200. Komanso, kum'mwera kwa Ulaya pali zochitika zosiyana, zomwe zaka zake zoposa zaka 450, ndipo mphukira zafika mamita 100.
Gwiritsani ntchito munda wa ivy
Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za Ivy ndizokonza munda ndi mankhwala, komwe masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ziphuphu komanso kutupa kwambiri kwa mucous membrane. Plush ili ndi anti-yotupa, antibacterial ndi anti-fungal katundu.
Chomwa chake chakumwa chakumwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mapulaneti, ndipo masamba atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera mabala oyipa ndi zopsereza. Mwa njirayi, mankhwala ovomerezeka amadziwanso kuti chomerachi ndi chothandiza ndipo amachigwiritsa ntchito monga mankhwala ochizira chifuwa.
Phunzirani zambiri za machiritso ndi zovomerezeka za ivy.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chomerachi, mukhoza kupanga zochititsa chidwi zazowongoka ndi zowongoka. Ikhoza kuphimba miyala, miyala yamatabwa kapena njerwa ya nyumba yomwe ili ndi chivundikiro chobiriwira. Ndipo kugwa, pamene masamba amasintha mtundu wawo ku mithunzi yofiira, yachikasu ndi yalanje, makoma adzawoneka okongola kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, chomera ndicho chofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizidwe za mitundu yochepa yokonza mapulani. Zing'onozing'ono zojambula kapena zojambula, zopangidwa ndi waya, zimayikidwa ndi munda umene umabzalidwa pafupi. Musaiwale za tsitsi lokhazikika kuti musunge mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
Mothandizidwa ndi ivy, mukhoza kukongoletsa gazebo, pergola, swing, veranda.
Kodi kuchotsa ivy
Nthawi zina funso limabuka momwe mungachotsere chomera ichi, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumunda. Pamene chimera chikukula mofulumira, chimayamba kusokoneza ndi kutseka zina. Kuonjezerapo, ngati pali ana m'nyumba, ndiye kuti palifunika kuwateteza ku zipatso zopweteka za ivy. Choncho, zomwe muyenera kuchita:
- pogwiritsa ntchito miyala, kuchotsa ivy kuchokera ku chithandizo;
- mitsuko kapena hacksaw, ngati mphukira ndi yochuluka kwambiri, dulani mbali yaikulu ya ivyumba pafupi ndi nthaka;
- kukumba ndi kutaya rhizome, musasiye mphukira, mwinamwake iwo adzakhazikika mwamsanga;
- Pamene mphukira zazing'ono zikuwoneka, gwiritsani ntchito Tornado herbicide.
