Munda wa bowa, kapena momwemo, ndiwo mwa bowa wothandiza kwambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama osati kophika, komanso mu mankhwala ndi cosmetology. Momwe mungawasiyanitsire ndi agaric yonyenga, nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kuphika bowa izi - ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi.
Kuwoneka
Malo odyetsera amadzera Kalasi ya IV mu chikhalidwe cha maonekedwe - kawirikawiri anasonkhanitsa bowa, ali ndi conditionally edible cholinga osati wotchulidwa kukoma.
Sizodyetsa zokha, koma ndi bowa zothandiza kwambiri. Zimakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi fungal, zimathetsa mavairasi owopsa ndi maselo a khansa m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, chisanu chimayambitsanso mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo chimakhudza kwambiri chithokomiro.
Werengani komanso phindu la bowa: champignons, boletus, ceps, cheesy, birch bowa.
Lugovik ali ndi luso lapadera lodzikonzanso: ngati mumanyowa bowa wouma ndi madzi, pakapita kanthawi zidzakupatsani zipatso zatsopano - chifukwa izi zinatchedwa kuti sizinthu zopatsa mphamvu. 
Pophika, makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito zipewa kachiwiri - miyendo imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imakhala yopweteka kwambiri. Mu mawonekedwe awo obiriwira, bowa izi sizitenthedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa amatha kudyedwa atatha kutentha: pamene yaiwisi, negnichichnik ikhoza kuledzeretsa kwambiri thupi.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Bowa lodabwitsa ili ndi mayina angapo - negynichnik, lugovik, bowa wa clove, marasmius (kuchokera ku dzina lachilatini dzina la Marasmius oreades). Zimakhala za bowa la saprophytic la bokosi la Ryadovkov (malinga ndi akatswiri ena, osagwirizana). 
Chilendo chosaoneka bwino cha bowa chimakhala ndi phosphorous yomwe imawoneka ngati mdima: malowa amafotokozedwa m'nthano zachikhalidwe zomwe zimafotokoza kuti anthu omwe anathawa m'nkhalango usiku adataya malingaliro awo poona bowawa, akumwa bowa chifukwa cha matsenga awo. Monga izo kapena ayi, sizingatheke kuti tidziwe molondola, komabe, kuthekera kwa osakhala mafayimasi kutulutsa kuwala kwa phosphoric sikumatayika.
Dziwitseni ndi mitundu yowonjezera ya bowa: chanterelles, ntchentche, mapepala, boletus, bowa wa mkaka, ndi bowa la aspen.
Hat
Kukula kwakukulu kwa kapu kumafikira 5-7 masentimita - ndibuka-bulauni kapena wachikasu. Popanda chinyezi (nthawi yamvula kapena nyengo yamphepo), kapu imakhala ndi mtundu wa kirimu. Fomuyi ili ndi muyezo wa bowa zambiri - malo ozungulira omwe ali ndi kachilombo kakang'ono pakati. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi yowala kwambiri kuposa pakati, kupatula iwo alibe malire omveka - iwo amang'ambika, monga, monga zipsera. Chipewa chofewa - chimatuluka pansi pamtundu wa chinyezi, kukhala wokonzeka komanso wothandizira. Mu bowa wakale kapena wouma kwambiri, mawonekedwe a kapu amatha kuoneka ngati kapu. 
Mwendo
Chophimba cha bowa pamphepetechi chimagwidwa ndi mwendo wautali ndi woonda (mpaka 10 cm mu msinkhu). Zingakhale zolunjika kapena zochepa zowonongeka, m'munsizi zimadutsa pang'ono (mpaka 0,5 cm mu girth). Zomwe zimapangidwira, zimakhala ndi zitsulo zolimba. Zingakhale ngati mtundu umodzi ndi chipewa, ndi kuwala pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za zoopsa za bowa - kukhalapo kwa nkhuku pamtunda - izi ndizoopsa kwambiri za bowa ndi zonyenga. Mu bowa zokazinga, tsinde nthawi zonse limakhala ndi chiwerengero cha uniform, popanda tubercles ndi thickenings.
Zolemba
Ma mbale a meadowov adatchula, mpaka 6 mm m'lifupi. M'magulu aang'ono, mbalezo zimamatira mwamphamvu pachikwama, pamene okalamba amamangirira mosasamala, osamamatira mwamphamvu. Momwe zimakhalira mvula yambiri, mbale za negnichniki zimakhala ndi zofukiza, komanso chilala - zonona kapena zoyera. 
Pulp
Mapira a mandimu abwinobwino, otumbululuka (amisiri kapena achikasu), sasintha mtundu wake pambuyo pocheka. Amadziwika ndi fungo labwino (monga kuphatikiza kwa clove ndi amondi), koma ali ndi kukoma kokoma. 
Kumene mungapeze ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa
Gawo lakugawidwa kwa marasmius ndilokulu kwambiri - iwo amapezeka ku Ulaya, komanso ku America ndi kumpoto kwa madera a Africa. Bowa awa amakonda malo otseguka, motero amapanga m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mitsinje, ndi m'nkhalango zamapiri; amapezeka m'malo odyetserako ziweto, m'munda, ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Malo omwe akukulawo ndi osiyana ndi dzina - bowa, zomwe zimakula pa stumps, zimatchedwa bowa. Komabe, dambo marasmius ndilopadera.
Nkhalango zimapangidwira nyengo yozizira, mvula itatha - mawonekedwe a arcs, mizere ndi matsenga (mzere wozungulira lonse mpaka 80 masentimita). Nthawi yayikulu yosonkhanitsa yosakhala tchire ndiyo mapeto a masika kumayambiriro kwa autumn (poyerekeza ndi kukhalapo kwa kutentha kutentha boma). 
Masamba Awiri
Pafupifupi bowa lililonse m'chilengedwe liri ndi mapasa ake - mtundu wofanana ndi maonekedwe kapena kukoma kwa choyambirira. Negnyuchnik ndizosiyana - zili ndi ofanana.
Phunzirani zambiri za zakudya zomwe zimadya komanso zosawerengeka za uchi, komanso momwe mungasiyanitse chithovu cha uchi ndi uchi wamba.
Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Collibia ndi wachikondi - ndi membala wa banja la Negniichnik. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera kudera ladothi - malo a kukula, mtundu wa kapu ndi kutalika kwa mwendo. Collibias imakula mu nkhalango zosakanikirana, komwe zimapanga nkhuni kapena masamba ovunda - mosiyana ndi bowa wamaluwa, collibia sakonda malo omasuka. Kutalika kwa mwendo wamapasa kotero ndi kofupikitsa - mpaka 6 cm mu msinkhu, ndipo kapu imakhala yoyera kwambiri. Ndi bowa wodyetsedwa. Ili ndi fungo lakuthwa, losasangalatsa kwambiri.
- Woopsa woyera wolankhula - owopsa kwambiri bowa woopsa. Mosiyana ndi chikopa cha nkhosa, chiri ndi chipewa chozungulira cha mtundu woyera - ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe mungathe kusiyanitsa wolankhula kuchokera ku marasmius. Mgugu wake ndi wamfupi kwambiri - mpaka masentimita 4 4. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi subspecies: grayish ndi waxy govorushka. Amakula, komanso osakhala ndi mphepo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, glades ndi malo ena otseguka.
- Bowa m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe - malingana ndi deta yapadera ndi ofanana ndi marasmius, komabe, amasiyana ndi mapangidwe ake - mitundu yotere imakula pokhapokha potsamira kapena kuola nkhuni. Zina mwa izo zingakhale zodyedwa mitundu ndi poizoni (mwachitsanzo, bowa wonyenga).
Nyumba yachisanu 
Uchi wachisanuNdikofunikira! Kupha poizoni kumachitika kokha ngati bowa sichimatha, komanso ngati zamasamba zimatsukidwa kunja - m'chilengedwe, mitundu yokadya ndi yoopsa nthawi zambiri imakula palimodzi, kukhudzana ndi kukhudzana. Pofuna kupeŵa kuledzeretsa ndi kufa, sambani bowa bwinobwino ndipo musawadye yaiwisi, ngakhale mutakhala otsimikiza kuti ndi zakudya zokhazokha - nthawi zonse muzisamalira mowa.
Gwiritsani ntchito kuphika
Chifukwa cha kuuma ndi kuchepa kwa miyendo ya negnichnik pophika ndikugwiritsa ntchito makapu ndi thupi.
Zikhoma zouma zingakhale zokometsera zabwino pa mbale: iwo amavomereza kununkhira kofiira. Bowa wamtundu uwu umapatsa msuzi wokoma kwambiri, poyerekezera ndi mitundu ina yonse (iyo imaposa msuzi woyera wa bowa mu kukoma). 
Mu zakudya za ku Ulaya, bowa uwu wakhala mbali yambiri ya sauce zokometsera. Amagwiritsiranso ntchito marasmiusov kwa salting, pickling, kuyanika, supu zophika komanso zakudya zopsereza.
Phunzirani zambiri za teknoloji yamadzi odzola ndi salting, kuyanika, bowa wozizira.
Momwe mungatsukitsire
Mwatsopano negynichniki akhoza kuthera mdima mwamsanga, choncho ayenera kuyeretsedwa mwamsanga mutangotenga kumene. Onetsetsani kuti mutha kukonza bowa musanayeretsenso - zonse zakale, zovunda kapena zowonongeka zimayenera kutayidwa.
Ndiye mukusowa bowa onetsetsani kuti muzimutsuka: zowononga, mbozi, kapena nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kukhala pansi pa zipewazo - koma osati ngati mudzaumitsa bowa kachiwiri. Ndiye zonyansa zambiri ndi ziphuphu ziyenera kuchotsedwa pansi pa kapu ndi mpeni. Ngati mbeu yokolola idawidwa, ndiye kuti kudzatha kudula mbali zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka. 
Kusankha kapena kukasuta udzafunika mtundu wina wa kuyeretsa. Asanayambe kukonzekera, ayenera kuthiridwa kwa mphindi 20-30 m'madzi ofunda. Kenaka chotsani filimuyo mwamphamvu ndi mpeni popanda kuwononga kapu ya bowa (miyendo ingadulidwe). Firimuyi ili pansi pa kapu sangathe kuchotsedwa, koma ngati mukuyenera kuchita izi, ndikwanira kulowetsa kapu pansi pamtsinje wa madzi - filimu yofatsa imasiyanitsa mosavuta ndikutsuka. Kenaka, zipewa zotsukidwa zimatsuka - tsopano zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera.
Mudzidziwe nokha ndi maphikidwe popanga mchere ndi marinated bowa.
Kodi ndi kuphika kokwanira
Kuphika nthawi kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zomwe bowa zimapangidwira ndi zomwe chithandizo cha kutentha chidzachitike mtsogolo:
- Kuthamanga. Musanayambe kuuma kapena kutsitsa bowa, ayenera kuphika mu madzi amchere kwa ola limodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira yophika imagawidwa mu magawo awiri: choyamba, bowa ndi yophika kwa mphindi 20, ndiye anyezi, bay leaf, allspice, ndi mchere amawonjezedwa kwa iwo - osaphika mafuta omwe amawotcha kwa mphindi 40. Kenaka amachotsamo msuzi, amaloledwa kuti aziuma pang'ono komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afume kapena nyama kapena ziwalo zina - anyezi, mbatata, kirimu wowawasa, nyama, ndi zina.
- Frost. Kuphika nthawi ya marasmi musanayambe kuzizira kudzadalira kukula kwake, koma pafupipafupi nthawi iyi sayenera kukhala yosachepera mphindi 60. Pambuyo pa kutentha kwa mphindi 20, madzi oyambirira amathiridwa, ndi bowa limodzi la bulauni amatsanulidwa ndi madzi atsopano otentha, kenako amaphika mpaka okonzeka.
- Kusamba. Bowa ayenera kukonzekera bwino, choncho ayenera kuphika kwa mphindi 60-80. Pambuyo pa 20-25 mphindi mutayamba kutentha, madzi amathiridwa ndipo osaphika amakhala odzaza ndi madzi atsopano otentha, mchere ndi zonunkhira amawonjezeredwa, ndipo mphindi 40 mpaka 60 yophika.
- Kuphika zouma zouma. Kuti zouma adyo zibwezeretsenso mawonekedwe ake, muyenera kuziwiritsa m'madzi amchere kwa mphindi 20-30.
Momwe mungathamangire
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asangalale miphika yoyambirira yophika - miyendo ya m'mphepete si yoyenera kukoka kapena kuba. Zakudya zophika uchi zophika mumphika ozizira otentha kwa mphindi 20-30 (pokazinga nyama, nthawi yophika imakula mpaka mphindi 40). Bowa wonyezimira amawombera kwa mphindi makumi atatu - palibe kutsegulidwa koyambirira. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za miphika yokazinga ndi yosavuta kuwombera: izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku bowa wozizira. Bowa watsopano wamphongo amawombera mphindi makumi anayi (pakali pano, ayenera kuyamba kuthira madzi otentha kwa mphindi 30).
Mukudziwa? M'nthaŵi ya Middle Ages, atsikana okhala ndi mwezi wathunthu adasonkhanitsa zikopa za negnichnik ndikuzigwiritsira ntchito pamaso - zinkawakhulupirira kuti zatha kuthetsa kuphulika kwa khungu ndi khungu.
Video: Kusonkhanitsa udzu wa agaric uchi, kusiyana kwa mapasa a mapasa, kuyeretsa, kuyanika
Dera la arbor ndi limodzi la mitundu yobiriwira kwambiri ya bowa pakati pa oyamba omwe amayamba kupha bowa. Kukula kosalekeza, kosavuta kukolola ndi kuyeretsa, komanso kukoma kwake, kunapanga nyemba imodzi mwa bowa nthawi zambiri yokololedwa ku Ulaya. Kudziwa malamulo a kuyeretsa ndi kutentha kwa dambo kudzakuthandizani kuphika mbale zokoma, komanso kudya, wouma ndi kukonzekera adyo m'nyengo yozizira.
