Denga la Mansard: Chithunzi chojambula ndi malangizo omanga

Chipinda chopangira mahatchi sichigwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala nthawi zonse, choncho ndi bwino kulingalira zomwe zingatheke denga la mansard, kukula mokwanira malo okhala mu nyumba iliyonse. Zoonadi, ntchitoyi sitingathe kuitcha kuti ndi yophweka, koma palibe chomwe chiri chosatheka, ndipo ndi chidziwitso china mungathe kulimbana nacho nokha. Zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndikutsatira ndondomeko za ntchito ndikutsata malamulo otetezeka.

Kuyeza

Ndondomeko ya chiwerengero cha denga lapafupi ndi losavuta: ndikofunikira kuika osati kokha kothandiza, komanso malo ogontha a chipinda chapanyumba. Zikuwoneka ngati zothandiza kulingalira malo omwe mtunda kuchokera padenga mpaka pansi ndi oposa 100 masentimita, ndipo malo ena onsewo, adzakhala osamva komanso osayenera moyo.

Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza masamulo ndi zina za cholinga chachuma.

Ndiloyenera kuwerengera chiwerengero chonse, chimene inu mukufunikiradi kukonza dongosolo la denga lapadera. Gawani malo onse omwe alipo mu mawonekedwe angapo osavuta, pangani kuchuluka kwa aliyense mwa iwo, ndi kufotokozera mwachidule mfundo zomwe zatengedwa. Chiwerengerochi chidzakhala chigawo chonse cha denga. Pachilumikilo chosiyana, ndi bwino kuyesa njira yovomerezeka yachitsulo cha denga, chifukwa ngati iposa mtengo wapatali woperekedwa kumanga, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chonse cha nyumbayi chidzachepa kwambiri. Mphindi uwu ndi wapadera kwambiri ndipo amawerengedwa poganizira kukula kwa chipinda chapamwamba ndi zina zofunika kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati nyumbayi ili pamalo opanda phokoso, ndiye kuti chikhalidwe chimawonjezeka, ngakhale ngati malo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito akuchepa. Ndi mvula yambiri, iwo amatha kuchoka padenga, mosasamala kanthu. Izi ndizofunika makamaka ku madera okhala ndi chisanu choda ndi chisanu.

Ndikofunikira! Kukula kwa chipinda cham'mwamba pa chipinda chachiwiri cha nyumba chiyenera kumatsatira zonse zomwe zimakhalapo kuti maziko ndi makoma asamangidwe. Ngati n'kotheka, ndibwino kuwerengera zonse pasadakhale, kupanga chojambula cha dongosolo lokonzekera.

Kukula kwa polojekiti

Pakusankha polojekiti yam'tsogolo, choyamba, munthu ayenera kuganizira kuti kukula kwake kumadalira kukula kwa denga. Nyumba yogona yomwe imatchulidwayo iyenera kufika kutalika kwa 2.2 mamita, ngakhale kuti ndi malo otsetsereka a pamtunda wina sayenera kudabwa ndi kuchepa kwa chipinda, chomwe tangotchula kumene.

Kuti pakhale malo okhala, ndi kutalika kwa denga kumalo onse, muyenera kuganizira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito padenga la denga, pamene mitengo ya pansiyi imayikidwa pamtunda wa digiri 60, ndipo malingaliro amtundu wapamwamba amasankhidwa malingana ndi zofuna zawo komanso nyengo ya dera linalake.

Musaiwale kuganizira mtunda pakati pa pansi ndi mtunda, mtengo umene uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 2.5-2.7 mamita. Ndi nambala zing'onozing'ono simungathe kutcha malowa mansard. Kuti mupeze molondola mawerengedwe a chigawo chilichonse ndi chojambula chake choyenera, m'pofunikira kuti mupitirize kuchokera kumagulu ang'onoting'ono - chigawo cha tsogolo lamtsogolo. Poganizira kukula ndi kutalika kwa chipinda chokonzekera, n'zosatheka kulakwitsa pamtunda wa pamwamba pamtunda wa denga, kukula kwa mapiri, zida ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri.

Ngati kuli kovuta kuti muyambe kuyendetsa pazofunikira zonse, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyamba kuyambira pakati pa mbali ya kutsogolo kwa khoma. Kuchokera pano mukhoza kuwerengera kutalika kwa chigwacho, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipilala zam'mbali, kuwerengera kukula kwake kwa chimanga ndi kutalika kwa denga m'chipinda.

Komanso, pakuchita zowerengera zonse, m'pofunika kuganizira kulemera kwake kwa denga, katundu woyembekezeka kuchokera ku chisanu, kulemera kwa batten (pamodzi ndi galasi), kusungunula, nthunzi, kusungira madzi, maulendo otsetsereka, mapulaneti onse, mzere wa batten ndi zokuta.

Ndikofunikira! Cholinga cha munthu aliyense chili ndi nambala yake yosiyana, yosiyana kwambiri. Kuti mumvetse bwino mbali za kugwirizana kwa zinthu zonse zomwe zikutembenuzidwa pa mfundo inayake, ndizofunikira kukopera mtolo uliwonse.

Ngakhale mutakhala ndi chidaliro chonse cha polojekiti yoyamba ndi kulondola kwa miyeso yonse, musanayambe ntchito, ndibwino kuti musonyeze zojambula zanu kwa katswiri yemwe angazindikire ngakhale zochepa zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa zotsatira za zotsatira zake.

Video: zopindulitsa ndi zoyipa za pabwalo lapansi

Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo ndi zipangizo

Palibe ntchito yomangamanga yomwe ikhoza kupanga popanda zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimaimiridwa ndi hacksaw, nyundo, zojambula zomangira, nkhwangwa, tepi, mlingo ndi zipangizo zina. Komanso, pomanga denga la mansara, mudzafunikanso:

• kubowola;
• chowombera;
• mpeni;
• chojambulajambula kapena burashi;
• chipangizo chodula denga (mwachitsanzo, lumo lazitsulo kapena lopanda miyala);
• kutsekemera, kuwonjezeredwa ndi unyolo kapena machipangizo ozungulira.

Kuchokera pa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito ndikofunika kukonzekera nkhuni zothandizidwa ndi nthendayi ya kukonza kayendedwe ka mitengo: dothi lakuda la Mauerlat, miyendo yozungulira yodoloka ndi mtunda, komanso wochepetsetsa popanga zida ndi kulumpha. Galasiyo idzakhala bolodi kapena bolodi la OSB, ndipo planochka yochepa ikhoza kukhala ngati antiba.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupanga denga losweka udzafunika zipangizo zambiri kusiyana ndi kumanga chipinda chimodzi, koma ngati mukufuna kupanga malo akuluakulu, ndiye kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Kuwonjezera apo, musayiwale kuti chifukwa cha chitetezo, kumangidwe kwadongosolo lazitsulo ndikofunikira kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosazimitsa moto komanso zachilengedwe, ndipo mbali zonse zamatabwa ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi matendawa.

Kuthandizana ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali kapena ubweya wa mchere, komanso chithovu kapena zipangizo zina zofananako ndizoyenera kuti zikhale zotsekemera. Kutsiliza mkati mwa dongosololi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chovala, chophimba, chowongolera ndi zina zomwe zimapangidwira inu, ndi matabwa, slate, zopangira mankhwala ndi tini zidzakhala zabwino zogona.

Phiri la phiri

Pogwiritsira ntchito mipiringidzo yamwala, mauerlat (maziko a miyendo yopanda malipiro yomwe ili pamakoma aakulu a nyumbayi) ndilozitali pamwamba, ndi nyumba zamwala, zamatabwa ndi njerwa. Mfundoyi imakhazikitsidwa ndi zida kapena ngula yomwe imayikidwa m'makoma panthawi yopaka (popanda malire oposa 2 mamita).

Kuyika kwa mbale ya mphamvu kumapangidwira pandege ya khoma kuchokera mkati, ndipo mbali yake yakunja imasindikizidwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Kawirikawiri matabwa Mauerlat, opangidwa ndi singano zouma, amasiyana ndi gawo la 100-150 mm (yoyenera nyumba zazing'ono ndi zazikulu). Mbali ya kutalika yomwe imafunidwa imachotsedwa pa iyo, ndipo itatha kuwongolera zikopa za angwe, zimayikidwa pa izo, kuzigwedeza pang'ono ndi zofunda zopangira nyundo ndi kulimbikitsa mtedza.

Pogwiritsa ntchito maurelat ku korona wapamwamba ya matabwa, nkhuni zomwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nkhani yofunika kwambiri pa gawo ili la ntchito idzakhala bungwe la madzi abwino. Pazinthu izi, mungagwiritse ntchito kutupa kwadothi kapena zinthu zina zotsalira ndi kutseka madzi.

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadzipangire denga ndi mazira.

Mauerlat nthawi zonse amafunikira ngati mukukonzekera dongosolo la denga la nyumba ndi zokhala pamwamba pamwamba pa khoma ndi mapeto kapena mphanda.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mansard ndi m'lifupi molingana ndi kukula kwake, kumapeto kwa zidazo kumalumikizana ndi zowonjezera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lalitali. Chiwerengero cha zothandizira nthawi zonse zimagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha zibwerezi.

Video: Njira zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera mbale yamagetsi

Mitengo imamangiriridwa pakhoma mofanana ndi kukonza mbale yamagetsi, koma mulimonsemo, magulu okonzekera ayenera kukhala olimba kwambiri kuti ateteze denga chifukwa cha katundu wa mphepo kapena zinthu zina zakunja.

Kuyika maofesi apansi otentha

Panthawi imeneyi ya bungwe la chipinda cham'mwamba mudzafunika coniferous matabwa ndi mtanda wa 100 x 200 mm. Mitengo imayikidwa pa mauerlat, omwe amatha ma 0,3-0.5 mamita kupitilira ndege, kapena m'matumba omwe amapezeka.

Muyambidwe yoyamba Iwo amamangiriridwa ndi njira zamakona ndi zikuluzikulu, ndipo kuti ziwalo zonse zikhale ngakhale, zimayikidwa motsatira ndondomeko yoyenera komanso yosungidwa: yoyamba kupita patsogolo kwambiri pamtunda, ndiyeno, pamodzi ndi chingwe chotambasula, ali ofanana ndi omwe ali pakati.

Mtunda wa pakati pa matabwa pakali pano ndi 50-100 masentimita, ngakhale kusankha kwa masentimita 60 kumatengedwa kuti ndi kosavuta kwambiri (kumapangitsa kuyika mapulitsi osungunula popanda kuwadula). Ngakhale ngakhale msinkhu, mipiringidzo imatha kudulidwa kufupika kwake, kapena kungoyika mipiringidzo ya matabwa.

Mlandu wachiwiri poika zinthu izi m'matumba apadera, mapeto awo ayenera kusungidwa ndi madzi ndipo atakulungidwa muzitsulo. Kugwirizana kwa "magawo" akuchitidwa mwanjira yomweyo.

Video: Kuika matabwa

Kuika mapiri

Mipango imapangidwira matabwa ndi mtanda wa 100 x 150 mm ndipo imapangidwira pamadenga omwe amapezeka pamphepete. Kuti musankhe kusinthitsa ndi mzere wa kuikidwa kudzathandiza chithunzi choyambirira chisanapangidwe, ndi kugwirizanitsa zojambulazo motsatira zofunikira zonse pogwiritsa ntchito plumb ndi mlingo.

Asanayambe kukhazikitsa, zinthuzi zimakhala zokhazikika pang'onopang'ono pambali ya cuttings - kutalika ndi kutalika kwa denga la denga palokha. Zitsanzo zoterezi zimakulolani kuzikonza popanda zolakwika pang'ono poyikidwa mu njira iliyonse. Kupanga timitengo timene timagwiritsa ntchito misomali iliyonse.

Mukudziwa? Masiku ano, nyumba zapentekose m'nyumba zawo zimakhala ndi nzika zapakati komanso olemera, koma sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. M'zaka za zana la XIX, nyumbazi zinali zotsika mtengo, chifukwa m'chilimwe zinali zotentha kwambiri, ndipo zinali zosavuta kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira. Ambiri olemba osauka, olemba ndakatulo komanso akatswiri ojambula zithunzi omwe sankatha kupeza nyumba zabwino kwambiri amakhala m'nyumba zoterezi.

Pakati pa zigoba zomwe zili pamphepete mwace, chingwecho chatsekedwa ndipo zitsulo zonse zotsalazi zimagwirizanitsa pambali pake, kumamatira ku phazi lofanana ndi sitepe ya pansi (yomwe imapezeka pamtanda uliwonse). Zonsezi zimawongolera mofanana ndi zoopsa, chifukwa cha mizere iwiri ya zipilala zofanana zimayikidwa motsutsana.

Kuyika kwa kuthamanga

Pamene phokosolo lidzatenga malo awo, mukhoza kupitiriza kukhazikitsa maulendo pa iwo. Kawirikawiri zinthu izi zimapangidwa ndi matabwa 50 x 150 mm ndipo zimakhala ndi misomali 150 mm ndi ngodya ndi zojambula zokha. Nsaluzi, zopangidwa ndi 50 x 200 mm bolodi, ziyenera kuikidwa pa zikhoto (zimayikidwa mopepuka kuti ziwoneke).

Popeza kuti abambo sangakhale ndi katundu wofunika kwambiri, gawo lino la gululo lidzakhala lokwanira, koma ngati mukufuna kuthetsa kusokonezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kowonjezera panthawi yopangidwira, mukhoza kuthandizira posakhalitsa zothandizira kuchokera ku matabwa 25 mm wandiweyani kapena kuposa. Pamwamba, mabotolo nthawi zonse amamangiriridwa ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo zapakati pazitsulo mpaka kuikidwa kwazitali.

Kuwonjezera apo, matabwa sayenera kukhala pakati pa chiwombankhanga, koma pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera pamenepo, kuti asasokoneze kuwonjezereka kwina. Mwa kukhazikitsa zipika, kuthamanga ndi mabotolo, mumapeza chisamaliro chosasunthika chomwe chimasankha gawo la mkatikatikatikati mwa nyumba yanu yamatabwa. M'tsogolomu, kuti muwonjezere mphamvu zake, zinthu zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi zotsutsana.

Video: momwe angayikitsire kuyendetsa

Lower slings

Zitsulo za m'munsizi zimapangidwa ndi matabwa 50 × 150 mm mwamsanga atapanga template 25x 150 mm yochepa (njirayi ndi yophweka ndipo ikhoza kusinthidwa mofulumira). Tsatanetsatane wa kutalika kwake kumadalira kumtunda wam'mwamba ndikuika chizindikiro pa iwo mawonekedwe otsukidwa pansi, kenaka adazichotsa.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti tiphunzire momwe tingamangire mapangidwe a maziko a mpanda, momwe tingadzipangire mpanda wokhawokha kuchoka pamtsinje wa link-link ndi gabions.

Chikhomocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothamanga pa malo okonzedwerako a nyumbazo, ndipo mwadzidzidzi, pamwamba pa zigawo zonse zikhoza kuwombera molingana ndi dongosolo. Komabe, malekezero apansi omwe akukhudzana ndi mauerlat pafupi ndi zidutswa zowonongeka ayenera kudula nthawi zonse. Kusunga zovala kumapezeka pamakona ndi misomali ndi misomali. Chifukwa chokonzekera bwino, katundu yense pamakoma adzagawidwa mofanana monga momwe zingathere, kutetezera kapangidwe ka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mlengalenga.

Kulimbikitsa denga

Mukamapanga denga la nsalu yamtundu wosweka, n'zotheka kuwonjezera kukhwima kwa nyumba yonseyo mothandizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwapakati. Kwa bungwe lawo likulumikiza mipiringidzo yokhala ndi mtanda wa 100 x 150 kapena 100 x 200 mm, yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa mapeto akumtunda. Iwo amatumikira ngati mtundu wa zomangira ndipo amapereka bata labwino la chipinda cham'mwamba.

Zojambula zam'mwamba zowonongeka

Zinthu izi zimapangidwa mofanana ndi mawonekedwe a L, miyendo yomwe imatha kumapeto, yogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo kapena mbale yokonza matabwa, kapena kudula pakati, pogwiritsira ntchito mabotolo kuti agwirizane. Choyamba, ndibwino kuti agwirizane ndi zojambulazo kuti pambuyo pozichotsa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati template.

Ndikofunikira! Zowonongeka zimangokhalapo kuti mtunda wa pakati pa makoma ofanana ndi chipinda suposa 6,5 ​​m.

Mbali yokonzekera imapangidwa mwachizoloŵezi: choyamba, zinthu zopambana, ndi kumbuyo kwa ena onse, ndi kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse. Mosiyana ndi zidutswa zazitali zazitali, zidutswa zazitali za denga la mansadali zimangodalira magalasi omwe ali pamakoma a chigawochi. Njira yosavuta yowerengera malo okwera pamwamba pazitali ndi poyambira pakati pa denga. Zidzathandizira pazengerezi zazing'ono zomwe zili pamphepete mwa mphamvu ndi kukoka kwakukulu, zomwe zimayikidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa denga kuti mbali imodzi ya bolodi ifike pakati pa chithunzi cha mtsogolo. Mipukutu imayenderana molondola pambali iyi.

Sakani

Chophimbacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito podutsa pamtengowo, womwe umagwirizananso ndi nsanja pamwamba pa madzi. Izi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi mtundu wa denga ndipo zingakhale zolimba komanso zochepa (phazi pakati pa laths pafupi ndilo kukula kwa mapepala apamwamba).

Kutseka madzi kumayikidwa pamwamba pake, kenako mutha kupitanso kumangidwe kwa denga (mwachitsanzo, pansi pake). Pofuna kuyika makapu a matabwa pakali pano, misomali kapena zokopa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Vuto momwe mungayendetsere

Kuyika membrane ya mpweya, kutsekemera, kusunga madzi

Popeza kuti chipinda cham'mwamba ndi chipinda chokhalamo, sizosadabwitsa kuti amafunika kuthira madzi abwino komanso kusungunula bwino. Mu gawo la zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zonsezi, ubweya wa mchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito, umayikidwa pamalo osakanikirana.

Zimadziwika kuti nyumba iliyonse imafuna kupezeka kwa manja aluso. Werengani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito msewu popunthira nkhuni ndi manja anu, pendani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zojambula, kuyika mafelemu a zowonjezera m'nyengo yozizira, ndi kumanga veranda.

Mapepala akuluakulu otsegulira amatsegulidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa danga pakati pa zida. Ndiyeneranso kulingalira kuti mapepala a ubweya wa mchere amayikidwa pa chingwe choyambirira chisanayidwe, ndipo pamwamba pake pali mpata wosanjikiza hydro steam insulator.

Video: momwe angapangire kusungunula, mpweya wa mpweya ndi denga lamadzi

Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri yambiri, kapangidwe kameneka kamangopitirirabe pakati pa mpweya wa mchere ndi ubweya wamchere, komanso pakati pa ubweya wa mchere ndi nthunzi. Mitsinje yonse yomwe imapangidwa pansi pa mitengoyi imathandiza kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino, koma zimangobweretsedwera kumalo okwera. Mtundu wa kusungunula kuchokera pa izi udzangowonjezera.

Kusungidwa kwa ophera

Капельник можно смело назвать фартуком свеса, а по сути, это металлическая планка, которая крепится к карнизу и фронтону и защищает здание от осадков. Для монтажа планок-капельников необходимо выполнить несколько несложных действий.

Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zofotokozedwa, wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito kansalu kakang'ono ka kanema kamene kamateteza mankhwalawo powonongeka. Iyenera kuchotsedwa musanayigwiritse ntchito.

Pambuyo pa mapepala a batten amalimbikitsidwa (amathandiza kupeŵa mpweya wake chifukwa cha mphepo), kukwera koweta kumayikidwa. Kenaka, chimanga chimakwera imodzi panthawi, koma kuti ziwoneke kuti zatambasula osati kusuntha momasuka.

Yoyamba ya iwo imamangiriridwa ndi zikopa, ndi dzenje la masentimita 20, ndipo yachiwiri iyenera kukhala yoyamba, osachepera 20 mm. Kulimbitsa thupi kumachitika ndi chithandizo cha zokopa zonse zomwezo.

Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi kuti chilowetse mkati mwa mabowo opangidwa ndi matabwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachisindikizo pazitsulo. Ngati ouma amalephera kulowetsa ziwalo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muziwombera ndiwumo wapadera.

Pambuyo pazigawo zonse zimakhazikitsidwa bwino ndi zokopa, kuyang'aniridwa kumayang'aniridwa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake.

Kuika mipiringidzo

Gawo lomalizira la ntchito yomanga nyumbayi ndikutsegula denga losankhidwa, pambuyo pake padzakhala kokha kukhazikitsa kayendedwe ka madzi ndikusangalala ndi zomangamanga. Ngakhale zili choncho, pali zodziwika bwino pakusankha denga, ndipo sizinthu zokha zokha.

Pansi pa chipinda cham'mwamba, pamwamba pa zonse, chimadalira malo otsetsereka a denga, chifukwa palibe mapulaneti aliwonse omwe angakhale oyenerera molunjika, komanso chifukwa chakuphwanya pamwamba. Talingalirani mitundu yofala kwambiri ya kufalitsa zamakono:

1. Decking - idzakhala njira yabwino yokhala ndi malo osachepera a denga la madigiri 12. Chidziwitso cha kukhazikitsa kwake ndikofunika kupanga mafunde awiri, kuphatikizapo chipangizo chokhalira pansi pa denga lakuda.
2. Metal tile - njira yabwino kwa madenga a mansard ndi madigiri osachepera 14. Kuti mukhale ndi makhalidwe ang'onoang'ono, ndi bwino kugula malo apamwamba, nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito wothandizira kusindikiza pa chisanu.
3. Zida zam'mimba - angagwiritsidwe ntchito kale kuchokera ku madigiri awiri a denga la kasinthidwe kalikonse.
4. Pereka zipangizo yoyenera kuphimba pamwamba ndi mtunda wa madigiri 3 mpaka 5, ngati akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu magawo atatu, ndi kuchokera madigiri 15 pamene akukonzekera zokutira ziwiri. Mapulaneti a kusiyana kwa dengawa amadalira mtundu wa zisindikizo, chifukwa madzi a mvula ndi malo ena amatha kudutsa.
5. Tile yofewa - Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapindwi ndi mtunda wa madigiri 11, ngakhale kuti pakadali pano, kuyambitsa batten yopitirira ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri.
6. Tile yachilengedwe. Kuyika kwazing'ono kwa denga la pamtunda kuyenera kukhala madigiri 22, popeza pamakhala malo otsetsereka, kupota koteroko sikuwoneka kosangalatsa.
7. Ondulin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malingaliro ochepa a denga la madigiri 6, ngakhale ngakhale panopa, mwakufunika kwambiri, muyenera kuyambitsa maziko olimba.
8. Slateti yamchere ya asibesitosi. Njira yosachepera yokhazikika yopangidwe kwake ndi madigiri 22. Poona kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zowonjezera pamapangidwe a mapepala, pakadali pano ndibwino kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa mizere yokha ngati malo otsetsereka apitirira madigiri 30.
9. Tes, shingle, shingles ndi zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito zopangidwa ndi matabwa zingapangidwe ndi madigiri 18, koma zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zofuna, zikuluzikulu ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka.
10. Denga la Faltsevy. Ngakhale kuti ambiri ogula mapulogalamu amadziwa kuti kuchepa kwazing'ono kumakhala madigiri 8, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundozo kumatsimikizira kuti angathe kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale phindu la madigiri 4. Komabe, mulimonsemo, ndi malo otsetsereka osachepera madigiri 25, kuperewera kwa mapepala awiri adzakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri.
11. Bango. Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zam'mbuyomu, malingaliro a denga kuti agwiritsire ntchito pansi pano ayenera kuyamba kuyambira madigiri 35-45. Gwiritsani ntchito pazomwe zimachepetsedwa kumabweretsa zigawo zomwe zimakhala zikuchepa kwambiri.

Mapu a skate

Chigwacho chili pamwamba pa denga, ndipo chimapangidwa chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi malo otsetsereka. Mbali zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamphepete mwazinthu zingathenso kupezedwa ndi mbali zomwe zili mbaliyi. Pano paliponse kuti denga la denga la denga lithe.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu adapeza za ma sheeting omwe adalembedwa mu 1820, omwe lero tikuyenera kuyamika Henry Palmer, injiniya wa Britain ndi wojambula omwe anayamba kuyamba kugwira ntchito yowononga.

Ntchito yokweza mtundawu ndi njira yokonzekera kayendetsedwe kake, komwe kumagwirizanitsa makoma a machitidwe.

Njira yothetsera zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa mwachindunji zimadalira mtundu wa denga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuganizira nthawi yosankha zovala zina. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukugula mapepala a simenti a asbestos. Zithunzi zooneka ngati zikukumbutsa mvula yamtunduwu zidzafika kwa iwo. Zimakhazikika pamapulaneti kapena pamtambo wa misomali pogwiritsa ntchito misomali popangira timapepala tomwe timakhala nawo. Iyenso ndilovomerezeka kuti madzi asungidwe ndi zinthu zonse za zovala, ndipo bala lakumtunda likuphimbidwa ndi tepiyumu tepi.

Kukonza zinthu zonse zam'mphepete, choyamba musonkhanitse mtanda wapadera wokhala ndi 70 × 90 mm mtanda. Komanso, pambali ziwiri, mipiringidzo iwiri ikulumikizidwa, ndipo kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira ntchito zowonjezera, mabotolo apadera akhoza kuikidwa pamatabwa ya mtengo wapakati kuti apachike madokolo.

Ndikofunikira! Posankha bwalo laling'ono, chonde onani kuti ziyenera kukhala 10-15 masentimita oposa kuposa battens.

Ridge cant Kuphatikizidwa pakati, komanso kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yabwino, nkhope yake iyenera kukhala yozungulira. Fomuyi imapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri ndi mbali zonse zachitunda, komanso kuti zisawonongeke ndi nkhungu zowonjezera matabwa, ndibwino kuwamenya ndi nsalu zamtundu wonse, kupangira pepala pamwamba. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi imapezeka pophatikiza zikopa ziwiri zomwe zimayikidwa pamtunda woyandikana nawo, pambuyo pake mphambano yaikulu imayikidwa, kupitilira ndi 10 mm.

Taganizirani njira yosungira skate pazitsulo zitsulo:

1. Ndikofunika kupanga mabowo pamabotolo awiri, chimodzimodzi ndi kuchokera kumbali ya flat bar.
2. Kenaka mabowo awiri adakulungidwa pang'onopang'ono kotalikira kwa bar hump mzere. Onetsetsani kuti iwo adutsa mitsinje ya mafunde ophimba pa cuffs.
3. Chokopacho chimakwera pamwamba pa mapeto a mapeto, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumayenera kutuluka osachepera 2-3 masentimita.
4. Mukakokera chinthu chophwanyika, m'pofunika kutsatira choyenerera kulowetsa magawo onse ndi kuphatikiza kwa masentimita 10 kapena kuposa.
5. Pofuna kugwirizanitsa zinthu zomwe zili pamtundawu, kulumikizana kumaphatikizidwa pamzere wodulidwa.
6. Onetsetsani kuti mukuganiza kuti mungathe kugwirizanitsa chiguduli chokwera ndi mbali ya chophimba. Ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kusintha mpangidwe wa galasi kumalo otsetsereka (ngati kuli kotheka, mukhoza kugubuda bwinobwino ndikusakaniza).
7. Zingakhale zofunikira kukhazikitsa zina zowonjezera, zomwe zimayikidwa pang'ono pamwamba pa galasi lapamwamba, koma ndi kusiyana kwa 80 mm mmunsi pakati pa mapiri otsetsereka okha ndi mabotolo awo apansi kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale pansi pa denga.

Video: Kuika pulasitiki ndi kukhazikitsa skate

Kukonzekera komaliza kwa chigwacho kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka zipizo kumapamwamba kwambiri a pepala zitsulo. Mphuno ya mipeni yokhayokha nthawi zambiri imakhala mkati mwa 0,8 mamita.

Pa bungwe lodziyimira la denga la mansara likuyenera kukwaniritsidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzatsimikizirika ndi kulondola kwa zochitika zonsezi. Inde, kugwira ntchito ndi manja anu ukuwoneka ngati njira yabwino kuposa malipiro a antchito, koma nthawi zina maganizo a akatswiri ndi ofunika kwambiri, omwe simuyenera kuiwala.