Zakudya zokometsera zokoma, zokoma ndi zotsekemera zonunkhira ndi imodzi mwa zakudya zokondedwa kwambiri pa chakudya chamadzulo kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Mankhwala okoma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse mu mawonekedwe opangira komanso ngati gawo la saladi, zakumwa za zipatso, kuphika, ndi zina zotero.
Kuwonjezera pa kukoma kwake kokoma, vwende ili ndi zinthu zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchipatala ndi cosmetology.
Mavwende ndi mabulosi, zipatso kapena masamba: kufotokoza
Mavwende ndi chomera chokwera cha banja la Mzungu, mtundu wa nkhaka, ndiko kuti, ndi vwende. Ilo limatanthawuza ku zomera za pachaka. Ili ndi tsinde lalitali lomwe limafalikira pansi ndipo limatha kufika mamita atatu. Pa tsinde pali mphukira zambiri, imodzi mwa iyo imatengedwa kukhala yaikulu. Kutalika kwathunthu kwa mphukira zonse kumatha kufika mamita 30.
Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi mizu yodabwitsa kwambiri, yomwe imayambira pansi pa 2-2.5 mamita. Zambiri mwa mizu ili kumtunda kwa nthaka.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira za mitundu yambiri yotchuka ya Ukraine mavwende, zinsinsi za kukula ndi momwe mungalimbane ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta mavwende.
Masamba a mavwende, malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe osiyana: dentate, angular, oval, round, woboola mtima. Mtundu wawo umasiyana ndi mtundu wobiriwira kuti ukhale wobiriwira. Maluwa a chomera ndi a mitundu itatu: mwamuna, wamkazi, mwamuna ndi mkazi. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mbale, ndi zisanu zosakanikirana zamkati, zachikasu. 
Zipatso ndi dzungu lamitundu yambiri, lachikasu, lachikasu, loyera kapena la azitona, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yokhala ndi zovuta.
Kulemera kwa vwende - kuyambira 1 mpaka 20 makilogalamu. Mnofu wake uli ndi kukoma kokoma, kokoma, chifukwa choti vwende nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chipatso. Nanga ndi chiyani: mabulosi, zipatso kapena masamba?
Poyankha funso limeneli, munthu ayenera kuganizira osati kukoma kokha kwa chipatso, komanso momwe zimakhalira. Zipatso ndi zomera zomwe zimapezeka pamtengo kapena m'maluwa, zipatso - pa tchire ndi pansi. Kuyambira pano, vwende ndi la zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Mavwende, mavwende ndi nkhaka zomwe zimawoneka zimakhala ngati zipatso, koma zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu zambiri. Iwo ndi nthumwi za Dzungu ndipo ndizo zabodza zabodza.
Kumbali ina, ndizomveka kuganizira chipatso masamba, chifukwa vwende ili ndi tsinde lalitali, limakhala ndi mgwirizano wosakanikirana ndi nkhaka, dzungu ndipo imakula ngati zitsamba.
Komabe, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amavomereza kuti vwende ndi chipatso cha ma vwende, ndi mabulosi amodzi kapena mabulosi onyenga. Ndilo dzina lomwe limamangiririra kwa iye mu botany.
Kufalikira
Mavwende ambiri amapezeka m'mayiko ambiri komwe kumakhala nyengo yozizira ndi youma. Mabulosi onyenga amakula m'madera a Central and Asia Minor, ku Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, China, Iran, Moldova, kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. 
Mu Russian Federation, makamaka mitundu yokula msanga imakula, yomwe yayambira mizinda ya kum'mwera kwa madera a Astrakhan ndi Saratov. M'madera a mayiko a Soviet pambuyo pake, mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa vwende wakhala mlimi wamba.
Melon ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ndi hybrids, phunzirani kukula kwa wosakanizidwa wa vwende ndi nkhaka - nkhaka ndi pepino - vwende peyala.
Njala ya "alimi ogulitsa"
Mavwendewa amatha kukhala wamkulu m'mphepete mwa zomera komanso kumunda. Sichifukwa cha kusungirako kwa nthawi yayitali, koma sagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kuyenda bwino kwabwino, kulawa kodabwitsa komanso zakudya zabwino kwambiri.
Vitamini ndi mchere wothira zipatso zimayimilidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- vitamini C: kumathandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuwonjezera ntchito zoteteza thupi, kumenyana ndi malaise ndi kufooka;
- vitamini a: amaonetsetsa kuti maselo amatsitsimutsa, amachititsa kuti maselo a khungu asinthidwe, zimathandiza kuti thupi libwezeretsedwe;
- Ma vitamini B (B1, B2, B3): kutenga nawo mbali mapuloteni, kusinthasintha kayendedwe kabwino ka mitsempha, kusintha kayendedwe ka mtima wamagetsi, ali ndi udindo wopanga mphamvu;
- folic acid: Amachita nawo mapangidwe a magazi, amathandizira kuthetsa mavuto ndi kuonetsetsa kuti thupi limakhalapo panthawi yopuma, zimathandiza kuti mwanayo azikhala ndi pakati pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati;
- potaziyamu: kumawonjezera ubongo, normalizes acid-basing balance, kumathandiza kuthetsa mavuto ndi kutopa, mwamsanga kubwezeretsa mphamvu pambuyo kwambiri maganizo ndi thupi;
- sodium: Amakhala ndi thupi labwino, amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera amino acid;
- phosphorus: amagwira ntchito pafupifupi mankhwala onse omwe amapezeka m'thupi, amathandiza kuti asidi azikhala osakanikirana, amathandiza kukula kwa mafupa ndi mafupa a mano;
- calcium: zimathandiza kuti mafupa apangidwe, amawunikira ntchito ya minofu, imalimbitsa mitsempha ya magazi;
- magnesiamu: normalizes dongosolo lamanjenje, kumenyana kutopa ndi kupanikizika, kulimbitsa mawu, kumalimbitsa makoma a mitsempha.
Dzungu muzing'ono zimakhalanso ndi zinki, mkuwa, manganese, chitsulo ndi ayodini.Kalori yamkati ya zipatso zobiriwira ndi 33 kcal pa 100 g, kumene BJU imapatsidwa:
- mapuloteni - 0,6 g;
- mafuta - 0,3 g;
- Zakudya - 7.4 g
Mukudziwa? Kalori yokhudzana ndi mankhwala oumawo ndi zana kwambiri kuposa zipatso zopangidwa. Kotero, pa 100 g anali 333 kcal. Mavwende owuma, nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mchere. Anthu omwe akulimbana ndi mapaundi owonjezera, mchere woterewa ndi bwino kuti musachoke pa zakudya zanu.
Ntchito yamapuni
Zosakaniza zothandiza zambiri mu vwende zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muzizigwiritse ntchito m'madera ambiri.
Mu mankhwala
Zakudya zam'madzi a potaziyamu ndi magnesium mu "famu yamagulu" zimathandizira kuti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndi kuteteza matenda a mtima.
Ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala achiritso komanso zakudya, zomwe zimathandiza:
- kuthandizira kudzimbidwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya chimbudzi;
- kuteteza chitukuko cha kuchepa kwa magazi;
- kusintha kagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa impso, chiwindi;
- kuchepetsa chikhalidwe cha urolithiasis ndi matenda a gallstone.
Mbeu za fetus zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto a amuna potency, zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zoberekera zizigwira bwino ntchito, ndikuyambitsa mphamvu yamuna. 
Azimayi otsekemera amathandiza ndi mimba ndi kusamba.
Werengani zomwe zili zothandiza amayi: maula, mbewu za mpendadzuwa, persimmon, viburnum wofiira, walnuts, mtedza wa pine ndi mtedza wa Brazil.
M'makono amakono, mabulosi onyenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa matumbo. Utoto wa dzungu umapanga ma radionuclides, poizoni, salt salt ndi zinthu zina zoipa.
Popeza lycopene, chinthu chomwe chimachepetsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, chiripo mu chipatsochi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza matenda opatsirana.
Mu cosmetology
Chigawo chachikulu cha vwende ndi beta-carotene, yomwe imakulolani kubwezeretsa mtundu wachibadwidwe wa khungu, kumenyana makwinya ndi kukalamba msanga, komanso kumathandiza kusunga ubweya ndi misomali.
Masisiti a nkhope pamasamba amameta bwino komanso amadyetsa khungu, kumenyana ndi kuyanika, kuthetsa kutupa, kutsitsimula ndi kuyeretsa khungu, kuteteza kupanga makwinya. 
Mu cosmetology, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa mawanga a pigment ndi mabala. "Mlimi wogwira ntchito" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto a tsitsi: kuwathandiza kuwunikira, kulimbikitsa mababu, ndi kumenyana ndi vutoli.
Akuphika
Mabulosi apamwamba amatha kukoma kwambiri komanso juiciness, yomwe imalola kuti izigwiritsidwe ntchito monga chodziimira kapena chogwiritsira ntchito mbale zina. Zouma, zowuma, zouma, zinkakonza zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi, mapiritsi, zipatso zowonongeka. Berry amadziwika kwambiri mu mazira, juices, liqueurs, monga chodzaza cha ayisikilimu.
Mwachitsanzo, Kummawa, dzungu louma ndilofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya kumwa mowa. M'mayiko a ku Mediterranean, zipatso zatsopano zimatumikiridwa pamodzi ndi nyama yophika nkhumba, nyama, nyama ndi nyama. Ku Italy, chipatsocho chimapangidwa muwiri ndi tchizi zosiyanasiyana, makamaka mozzarella.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukudya vwende yaiwisi, muyenera kutsatira lamulo lofunika: Ndibwino kuti mudyeko maola awiri mutatha kudya, mwinamwake mavuto osokonezeka akhoza kuchitika. Zimaletsedwa kumwa zakumwa ndi madzi.
Mavwende awonjezeredwa ku saladi kapena nyama ya saladi, amapanga mchere ndi zophika.
Kulima kunja
Zosiyanasiyana "Kolkhoznitsa" amakonda kwambiri wamaluwa, chifukwa ndi zosavuta kukhalabe, ali ndi mkulu kukana otsika kutentha ndipo amakupatsani kukwaniritsa wolemera yokolola.
Kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino, zokoma ndi zokoma, muyenera kudziwa zina za kulima "alimi". 
Zizindikiro za kukula
Mukamadzala vwende ayenera kunyamula m'maganizo kuti kuti kukula kwake kumakhala kofunika kwambiri komanso malo abwino. Pakati pa dzenje lirilonse liyenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita 80-100. Posankha malo ogona, ndi bwino kupatsa malo a dzuwa omwe amatetezedwa ku chimfine.
Mavuni amakonda nthaka yowonjezera, choncho ndi bwino kudyetsa nthaka ndi feteleza zamchere, humus, kuti ikhale yosasangalatsa, kuwonjezera mchenga wa mtsinje.
M'chaka, potashi feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka, amadyetsedwa ndi phosphorous.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungapangire chonde.
Kukonzekera kubzala mbewu
Gawo lofunika poika vwende ndi kukonzekera bwino mbewu.
Mukhoza kugwiritsira ntchito mbeu ziwiri zomwe munagula ndikukula bwino. Posankha zipangizo kuchokera ku sitolo, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa omwe ali akulu kuposa ena onse. Musanafese, lembani ndi madzi, ndipo chotsani zonse zomwe zagwera. Mbeu zokhazokha zokha ziyenera kufesedwa, zomwe zatsikira pansi.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi: ndi bwino kuthira mbeu mumadzi ofunda (pafupifupi 35 ° C) ndi kuwasungira kutentha. Pambuyo pa tsiku, njere ziyenera kuzungulidwa mu thaulo louma ndikuyika mu furiji kwa maola 20. Mbeu zotere "zowuma" zakonzedwa bwino kuti zibzala. 
Kukula mbande
Pambuyo "kuumitsa" mbeu zimabzalidwa pansi kuti apange mbande. Makapu apulasitiki omwe amatha, omwe ali odzaza ndi nthaka yodzala ndi peat, phulusa ndi mchenga, mu chiŵerengero cha 9: 1: 1 (pa 10 l nthaka ya osakaniza) ndi abwino kwambiri ngati chidebe chazomera zam'tsogolo.
Mungagwiritse ntchito makapu okonzedwa bwino, omwe amatha kuteteza kuti mizu iwonongeke pamene ikugwa pansi.
Kukhazikitsa kumakhala ndi magawo angapo:
- 2-3 masiku asanafike, cholingacho chiyenera kuchotsedwa ku firiji, kuyika thasu yamadzi, kuyika pamalo otentha.
- Mbewu imabzalidwa mu zida za zidutswa ziwiri, kuya kuya masentimita asanu.
- Zitsulozi zimasinthidwa kupita kumalo otentha, kutentha kutsika kuposa +20 ° С masana ndi 15 ° С usiku.
- Patapita sabata, mphukira yoyamba idzayamba kupanga njira yawo. Pambuyo pa timapepala timatatu tomwe timayambira, mbande ziyenera kupanikizidwa kuti mbali iwonetseke.
- Pofuna kuteteza mbande ku "mwendo wakuda", nkofunika kupereka chinyezi nthawi zonse ndikuwaza nthaka pafupi ndi tsinde ndi mchenga.
Tikufika
Anabzala mbande mu nthaka yomwe idakonzedweratu, yowonjezera, yowonongeka bwino. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono ayenera kupangidwa pansi, mtunda umene uli pakati pa 80 masentimita. Popeza vwende ndilo zomera zokonda kutentha, ziyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomwe chisanu sichiyembekezeredwa, kapena ayi.
Mbande modekha pamodzi ndi nthaka kukoka chikho cha peat kapena chodzala mwachindunji mumabowo okonzeka. Chotsani kutsanulira madzi pang'ono m'mitsitsi, kuwonjezera humus. Zomera zimabzalidwa mwanjira yakuti gawo la dothi ladothi liwoneke pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndiye zimamera zimathiriridwa ndi nthaka, osati kuzungulira.
Odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza mu masabata awiri oyambirira mutabzala kuti mupereke mbande mthunzi. Kuti muchite izi, pangani chitetezo chapadera. 
Zosamalira
Kuyambira mu May amatha kutaya madontho akuluakulu pakati pa usana ndi usiku kutentha, ndibwino kuti muphimbe mphukira ndi mabotolo apulasitiki kapena filimu ya PVC. Kumapeto kwa May, kuteteza kutentha kumatha kuchotsedwa, ndipo chomeracho sichidzasowa zowonjezera kutentha.
Chikopa - chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi ndipo kumafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse. Pa masiku otentha, muyenera kumupatsa chinyezi chachikulu. Kusambira pakati pa ulimi wothirira - masiku awiri. Kwa chomera chaching'ono, madzi okwanira pafupifupi 1.5 malita, kwa munthu wamkulu - 3-3.5 malita.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira dzungu kumayenera kupatulidwa ndi madzi kuchokera kuthirira. Zosavuta, zowonongeka kwambiri ndi phula zingathe kuwononga zowonongeka, zosakhwima, pamwamba, mizu.
Pa nthawi yakucha, mwanayo amatha kuchotsa ku chomera cha mayi. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuika mabulosi onyenga mumtsuko kapena pulasitiki, kuupachika pa chithandizo chapadera.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
"Famu yamagulu" amatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira, kotero pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, mukhoza kukolola. Ndikofunika kuti musapereke zipatso zokhwima kuti zikhale pansi nthawi yaitali, pamene zikuyamba kuwonongeka ndi kuvunda. 
Kukula kwa dzuŵa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa peel: mutangotenga mthunzi wachikasu kapena wamdima wakuda, chipatso chirikonzekera kukolola.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, malo omwe maluwawo anali, amakhala ochepetsetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusiyanitsa mabulosi ku tsinde.
Mavwende okololedwa amasungidwa pamalo ouma, otenthetsa mpweya, kutentha kutentha, osiyana ndi masamba kapena zipatso. Zipatso zoyamba zimatsukidwa mu chipinda chakuda, chouma komanso chotentha. Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungiramo mavwende m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, m'chipinda chapadera, kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C komanso pafupifupi 60%.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge zomwe zingapangidwe kuchokera ku vwende.
Kutentha kwapamwamba kumayambitsa kuvunda kwa chipatso, ndi kutsika kochepa - kuyanika kwawo. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti maungu sakhudzana. Mukhoza kuika zipatso pa utuchi, mumabokosi a mchenga kapena kupachika.
Ngati mchira wa mwana wakhanda utatha, malo omwe unalipo, muyenera kutsanulira parafini, yomwe imateteza matenda. Kuyang'anitsitsa kamodzi kwa chipatso chiyenera kuchitidwa ndipo owonongedwa achotsedwa. 
Mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
Chomeracho chokha ndi tsinde lakuda, bwino kwambiri. Zipatso zimakula mwamphamvu, chikasu - malalanje, zosalala. Mukadula chipatso, timawona mnofu woyera, umakonda zokoma komanso zokometsera, komanso momwe zimasangalatsa ... Sindingathe kukuwonetsani fungo lokoma la vwende. Chipatso chokoma kwambiri!
Pambuyo pakuwonekera, muyenera kuyembekezera masiku 80 mpaka 90 ndipo zipatso zidzatha kale. Ine ndi mwamuna wanga timasonkhanitsa makilogalamu 5 kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi (chitsamba).
Kololani mokwanira kwa banja lonse ndi kutseka mitsuko kuti muzisakaniza m'nyengo yozizira. Nthaŵi zina timatha kugulitsa ndi kuchitira anzawo mabwenzi! Izi ndi mbewu zabwino zomwe ndagulapo kale! Ndimayamikabe mayi yemwe anandiuza msika kuti andigulire mbewuzi.
"Kolkhoznitsa" - onunkhira, wathanzi, wokoma ndi vwende, omwe ndi chofunika kwambiri kwa akuluakulu ndi ana m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Sichifuna njira yapadera pamene ikukula, yosagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kusasamala mu chisamaliro.Pokumbukira malamulo ena osavuta, zimatha kukondweretsa wamaluwa ndi zipatso zambiri zakutchire.
